人教版高中英語語法一句子成分

語法復習一：句子成分；簡單句、并列句和復合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe 結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名 詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如： Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞） WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞） One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞） Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式） Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞） Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞） WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句） Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. 2、復合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You maykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、 代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表 示。例如： OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞） Isityours?（代詞） Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞） Thespeechisexciting.（分詞） Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞） HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式） Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.（動名詞） Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語） Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞） Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如： Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞） Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數(shù)詞） Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名詞化形容詞） Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語） Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（動名詞短語） Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句） 賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyour dictionary,please.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhim theirmonitor.（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容 詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下 等成分表示： Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞） Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞） Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞） HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞） Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語） Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞） HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語） Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination. （不定式短語） Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語） Waitaminute.（名詞） Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句） 狀語種類如下： Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時間狀語） Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語） Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語） MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點狀語） Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式狀語） Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴隨狀語） Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的狀語） Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語） Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語） Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）

練習一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、選擇填空：()1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman B.ThemanherenowC.Themanwhoisherenow D.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather____.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter()5.Theactor______attheageof70.A.deadB.died C.dyed D.deaded()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,we C.We,our D.We,we()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.its B.it C.that D.thatis()9.Thedog____mad.A.looks B.islooked C.isbeinglooked D.waslooked()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.A.that B.when C.inwhich D.where

二、簡單句、并列句和復合句（一）句子種類兩種分類法1、按句子的用途可分四種：1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldis he?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4）感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語 從句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.（二）簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主語+不及物動詞：e.g.Wework.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g.Myfatherbought meacar.5、主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。（三）并列句的分類 1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…, neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain. 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g. Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. 4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.

練習二、簡單句、并列句和復合句一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：1.Ihopeyouareverywell（ ）.2.I'mfine,buttired（ ）.3.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（ ）.4.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（ ）.5.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（ ）6.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（ ）.7.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（）.8.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（ ）.9.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（ ）.10.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（ ）.11.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（ ）.12.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（ ）.13.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（ ）.14.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（ ）.15.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（ ）.16.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（ ）.17.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（ ）.18.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（ ）.19.It'sgreat（ ）!20.Americaneatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（ ）.21.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（ ）.22.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（ ）.23.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（ ）.24.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（ ）.25.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（ ）.26.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（ ）?27.Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（ ）.28.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（ ）.三、選擇填空：1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit. A.and B.or C.if D.so2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____? A.hasn’the B.isn’theC.isn’tit D.hasn’tit3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain! A.How B.What C.Whata D.Whatan4.Letuspass,____? A.shan’twe B.shallwe C.won’twe D.willyou5.Isupposehe’sserious,____? A.doI B.don’tI C.ishe D.isn’the6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____? A.willyou B.hadyou C.shallyou D.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition. A.then B.but C.and D.or8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight. A.and B.but C.so D.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and____. A.Henryhasn’ttoo B.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhas D.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,____othersenjoyswimming. A.or B.for C.while D.so11.----Doyoufeellikegoingout____wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?----I’dliketogoout. A.or B.and C.but D.so----“____isthetemperaturetoday?” ----“It’s38degrees.” A.Which B.How C.Howhot D.Howhigh----Youruncleisn’tanengineer,ishe? ----____. A.Yes,heisn’t B.No,heisn’t C.No,heis D.Heis14.____friendly____toeveryone! A.How,isshe B.What,isshe C.How,sheis D.What,sheis15.Marywenttobedearly,____shefeltverytired. A.or B.so C.for D.yet16.Mother____adresswhenshecutherfinger. A.wasmaking B.makes C.ismaking D.made17.Helayinbed____readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary. A.but B.and C.or D.yet18.----I’dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.----____whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou. A.Tellme B.Ifyouwouldsaytome C.Youwilltellme D.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,____canliftonehundredpounds. A.yethe B.buthe C.and D.he20.----Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella. ----Ihad,____I’velostit. A.since B.but C.because D.so21.____downtheradio----thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom. A.Turning B.Toturn C.Turned D.Turn22.----Idon’tlikechicken____fish. ----Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch. A.and,and B.and,but C.or,and D.or,but----Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight? ----I’dliketo,____I’mtoobusy. A.and B.so C.as D.but24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway? A.and B.then C.or D.otherwise25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark____homeanhourlater. A.arriving B.toarrive C.havingarrived D.andarrived26.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice. A.angrilypointing B.andpointangrily C.angrilypointed D.andangrilypointed27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter. A.whom B.where C.which D.while28.____itwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando. A.Whenleft B.Leaving C.Ifyouleave D.Leave29.----Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,____? ----ButIfedityesterday. A.doyou B.willyou C.didn’tyou D.don’tyou30.____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes. A.Mind B.Glanceat C.Stareat D.Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改為否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（對畫線部分提問）3.Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,____________?（完成反意疑問）4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改為祈使句）5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改為一般疑問句)6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改為感嘆句）7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（對畫線部分提問）8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,____________?（完成反意疑問）9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改為感嘆句）10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（對畫線部分提問）

參考答案：練習一：一、1、主語，定語；2、間接賓語；3、謂語，狀語；4、定語；5、狀語，狀語；6、定語，表語；7、賓語，狀語；8、謂語，主語；9、謂語；10、主語，表語；11、謂語，賓語；12、狀語；13、形式賓語，真正賓語；14、賓語、定語；15、插入語，狀語；16、賓語(間賓+直賓)；17、狀語，狀語；18、形式主語，表語，賓補；19、賓補；20、表語二、略三、略四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB練習二：一、1、簡單句；2、復合句；3、簡單句；4、簡單句；5、并列句；6、復合句；7、并列句；8、復合句；9、簡單句；10、簡單句二、Ihopeyouareverywell（復合句）.I'mfine,buttired（簡單句）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（并列句）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（簡單句）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（并列句）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（簡單句）.Wegrowriceinth