2024高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)詞匯語篇模式主題語境三人與自然Topic43人與環(huán)境教學(xué)案含作業(yè)

PAGE主題語境(三)人與自然Topic43人與環(huán)境①居住及環(huán)境(ResidenceandEnvironment)condition,situation,community,province,state,zone,district,border,downtown,suburb,rural,city,town,village,busy,________['kra?dId]30，quiet,peace,neighbourhood②居民及環(huán)境(ResidentandEnvironment)________[?p?pju'leI?n]87,agingpopulation,theaged,rangefrom...to,birthrate,resident,citizen,male,female,get...undercontrol,immigrate,useup,movement③自然環(huán)境(NaturalEnvironment)stream,pond,lake,ocean,bay,beach,desert,shore,coast,port,island,wave,continent,mountain，valley,rock,soil,field,plain④環(huán)境與愛護(hù)(EnvironmentandProtection)waste,awasteof,rubbish,litter,____________['???tId?]25,globalwarming,________['k?nsIkw?ns]24，result,asaresult,climatechange,greenhouseeffect,non－renewable,pollution,________[θret]21,fossilfuel，recycle,leadto,takemeasures,makeadifference,environmentalfriendly,atmosphere,balance,nature,discourage,inturn,inreturn,protect,reserve,conservation，lowcarbon,newenergy,solarenergy,windpower,renewable,conserve,development,replace,improvement⑤意義影響(Influence)attract,________['?dv?keIt]10,callon,________[prI'dIkt]29,disease,________['hɑ?m?ni]15,inharmonywith,symbol,intermsof,ofalltime,havecontrolover,makeefforts,________[?'la?]165,playarolein,promise,permit,attitude,________[pru?v]101crowded;population;shortage;consequence;threat;advocate;predict;harmony;allow;provepopulation①(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.②(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied.(1)單句語法填空①ThepopulationofCanada________(be)about29million.②Abouteightypercentofthepopulationofthiscountry________(be)peasants.③InChina,therearemorethan300cities________apopulationbeyond1million.答案：①is②are③with(2)單句寫作①白族大約有200萬人口，其中90%生活在云南。TheBaiethnicgroup________________aroundtwomillion,90%ofwhomliveinYunnan.②這個(gè)國(guó)家有多少人口？________________thecountry?③中國(guó)的人口比世界上任何一個(gè)國(guó)家都多。ThepopulationofChina________________anyothercountryintheworld.答案：①hasapopulationof②What'sthepopulationof/Howlargeisthepopulationof③islargerthanthatof(1)n.(地區(qū)、國(guó)家等的)人口，人口數(shù)量allthepeoplewholiveinaparticulararea,cityorcountry;thetotalnumberofpeoplewholivethere(2)n.某領(lǐng)域的生物；族群；人口aparticulargroupofpeopleoranimalslivinginaparticulararea①有……人口eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(haveapopulationof＋數(shù)字,通常在句中作謂語,withapopulationof＋數(shù)字,通常在句中作定語))②某國(guó)/某地的人口thepopulationof＋地點(diǎn)③詢問某國(guó)某地有多少人口eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(Howlargeisthepopulationof＋地點(diǎn)？,What'sthepopulationof＋地點(diǎn)？))④整體人口(thepopulationof...)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；部分人口(表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。人口多或少要用large或small。immigrateIamgoingtoimmigratetoAustraliawithmywholefamilynextmonth!(1)單句語法填空①Tom'sisafamilywhichhasjustmigrated________SouthAfricatoAsia.②Thenumberofillegal________(immigrate)inAmericafellby500,000between2007and2008.答案：①from②immigrants(2)單句寫作①他18歲時(shí)從印度移民出來。________________________atage18.②政府已經(jīng)確定收緊其移民政策。Thegovernmenthasdecidedtotighten____________________.答案：①HeimmigratedfromIndia②itsimmigrationpolicyvi.(從外地)移居；移民tocomeandlivepermanentlyinacountryafterleavingyourowncountryimmigrationn.移居(入境)；移民人數(shù)immigrantn.(外來)移民migratev.遷徙migratefrom...to...從一個(gè)地方遷徙到另一個(gè)地方migrationn.遷徙，移動(dòng)shortage(2024·浙江高考)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.單句語法填空①M(fèi)ynameisThomas,andyoucancallmeTom________short.②Theusualword“pub”isshort________“publichouse”．③Accordingtosomescientists,we'llbeshort________energyinthenearfuture.④________short,wecan'tpleaseeveryoneallthetime.⑤Researchersfoundanalmosttotalcropfailureandasevere________(short)ofdrinkingwater.⑥________(short)aftermovingintoherapartment,shefoundajob.答案：①for②for③of④In⑤shortage⑥Shortlyn.不足；缺少；短缺asituationwhenthereisnotenoughofthepeopleorthingsthatareneededshortadj.矮的；短缺的beshortfor簡(jiǎn)稱，縮寫beshortof缺少……in_short總之；簡(jiǎn)言之forshort簡(jiǎn)稱(常放在句末，后不接成分)shortlyadv.不久，立刻consequence①(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,DrPrinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.②Don'tworry.It'sofnoconsequence.單句寫作①Hehadbeenillforalongtimeand____________________(結(jié)果)hewasbehindinhiswork.②Wemust____________________(擔(dān)當(dāng)后果)ofourowndeed.③Bothsidesthinkofthepoint____________________(無意義)．答案：①inconsequence/asaconsequence②taketheconsequences③ofnoconsequence(1)n.結(jié)果；后果aresultofsth.thathashappened(2)n.重要性importanceadvocate①Weadvocateapeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputes.②(2024·浙江高考)Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合)．(1)單句語法填空①M(fèi)anyexpertsadvocate________(reward)yourchildforgoodbehaviour.②Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildings________(fit)withsmokedetectors.答案：①rewarding②(should)befitted(2)單句寫作①一些人主見改革一些現(xiàn)行的教化制度。Somepeople____________________somepresenteducationalsystems.②人們提倡實(shí)行措施愛護(hù)環(huán)境。Peopleadvocatethatsomething____________________toprotecttheenvironment.③令他們悲觀的是，沒有人同意這一新政策。Totheirdisappointment,thereis____________________thenewpolicy.答案：①advocatereforming②(should)bedone③noadvocatefor/of(1)v.擁護(hù)；支持；提倡tosupportsth.publicly(2)n.擁護(hù)者；支持者；提倡者apersonwhosupportsorspeaksinfavourofsb.orofapublicplanoractionadvocatedoingsth.提倡做某事advocate＋that從句(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略)anadvocatefor/of……的支持/擁護(hù)者predict(2024·天津高考)Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.(1)用predict的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thebestway________yourfutureistocreateit.②They________greatthingsfortheboybuttheboydidn'tbelievethem.③Skilledreadersmakeuseofcontextand________.④Theendingofthefilmisentirely________.答案：①topredict②predicted③prediction④predictable(2)單句寫作①很難預(yù)料這次事故會(huì)有什么長(zhǎng)期影響。____________________whatthelong-termeffectsoftheaccidentwillbe.②據(jù)預(yù)料，2024年是電動(dòng)汽車年。____________________2024willbetheyearoftheelectriccar.③他不情愿預(yù)料來年哪些書會(huì)有銷路。Hewasunwilling____________________whichbookswouldsellinthecomingyear.答案：①Itisdifficulttopredict②Itispredictedthat③tomakeapredictionaboutvt.預(yù)言；預(yù)報(bào)；預(yù)報(bào)tosaythatsth.willhappeninthefuturepredict＋n.預(yù)報(bào)/預(yù)料……predict＋從句預(yù)料……predict＋n.＋todosth.預(yù)料……做某事It_is_predicted_that...據(jù)預(yù)料……predictionn.預(yù)言；預(yù)料；預(yù)報(bào)makeaprediction預(yù)料；預(yù)報(bào)predictableadj.可預(yù)見的；可預(yù)料的prove①(2024·北京高考)Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod.②Thepromotionprovedtobeaturningpointinhiscareer.(1)單句語法填空①Onthelongjourneyheprovedhimself________(be)anamusingcompany.②Iwantedtoprove________myselfthatIcoulddoit.③I'llprovemy________(innocent)toyouoneday.答案：①tobe②to③innocence(2)單句寫作①給他們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來向你證明他們可以幫忙吧。Givethemachanceto____________________theycanhelp.②這項(xiàng)任務(wù)比我們預(yù)想原來的難得多。Thetask____________________thanwe'dthought.答案：①provetoyouthat②provedtobemoredifficult(1)v.證明；證明tousefacts,evidence,etc.toshowthatsth.istrue(2)v.后來被發(fā)覺是；最終顯現(xiàn)為ifsth.provesdangerous,expensive,etc.orifitprovestobedangerous,etc.,youdiscoverthatitisdangerous,etc.overaperiodoftimeⅠ.閱讀(2024·“皖豫聯(lián)盟體”中學(xué)畢業(yè)班第一次考試)Withalltherecentconcernabouttheenvironment,peoplewanttoseetheirmoneyusedtobettertheplanet.Herearefourwell-knownenvironmentalorganizations.WorldWildlifeFund(WWF)TheWorldWildlifeFundisperhapsoneofthebest-knownorganizationsfortheprotectionofendangeredspeciesandtheirhabitatsaroundtheworld.They'vebeenaroundforover45years.Youcandonatethroughtheirwebsite,jointheirorga－nizationasamember,oradoptananimalthroughtheironlineadoptioncenter.NationalGeographicSociety(NGS)NationalGeographicSocietyiswell-knownfortheirmagazineandtheirspecialsonTV.Theorganizationitselfisoneofthelongest-runningintheworld—they'vebeenaroundsince1888focusingonexplorationandconservationofforests,oceans,habitats,speciesandsocieties.Youchoosetodonatethroughthewebsitenationalgeographic,buysomethingattheironlinestore,ororderamagazinesubscription.NationalWildlifeFederation(NWF)Foundedofficiallyin1937,theNationalWildlifeFe－derationtriestoprotectwildlifeatallcosts.Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.DonationstotheNWFcanbemadethroughtheirwebsiteorthroughotheroptions,likematchinggifts,workplacegiving,ormemorialdonations.EcologyFund.comSetupin1976,EcologyFundisrunonuserclicks.Advertisersbuyadspaceonthesiteeverytimesomeoneclicks.Themoneygoestobuyendangeredwildernesslandtoprotectitfromcompaniesthatwoulddestroyit.Sofar,EcologyFundhasboughtlandinmanyareas.Thebestthingaboutthissiteisthatyouneedn'tdonateanymoney—allyouhavetodoisclick.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)聞名的環(huán)保組織。人類只有一個(gè)地球，它是生命的搖籃(cradleoflife)，是人類共有的家園。環(huán)境污染與生態(tài)破壞，已經(jīng)對(duì)人類的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人們的正常生活構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)實(shí)威逼。愛惜環(huán)境，崇尚文明，愛護(hù)我們美妙的家園(protectourbeautifulhome)，無疑是我們的道義和責(zé)任！1．Whichenvironmentalorganizationhasthelongesthistory?A．EcologyFund.B．WorldWildlifeFund.C．NationalGeographicSociety.D．NationalWildlifeFederation.答案：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，WWF有45年以上的歷史；NGS從1888年就起先存在，是世界上運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的組織之一，迄今已有超過100年的歷史；NWF成立于1937年；EcologyFund成立于1976年，因此NGS時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)。2．WhatdoesNWFthinkisthemostimportantinenvironmentalprotection?A．Knowledge. B．Management.C．Money. D．Patience.答案：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)NationalWildlifeFederation部分中的“Infact,theybelievethathavingthepubliceducatedisthebestwaytohelptheenvironment—themoreyouknow,themoreyoucanprotecttheworldwelivein.”可知，NWF認(rèn)為，讓公眾受教化是幫助環(huán)境的最佳方式。由此可以推斷，NWF認(rèn)為學(xué)問在環(huán)保中是最重要的。3．InwhatwaydoesEcologyFunddifferfromtheotherthreeorganizations?A．Thesizeofnetworks.B．Thewayofoperation.C．Thestrengthofinfluence.D．Thedegreeofpopularity.答案：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章對(duì)四個(gè)環(huán)保組織的介紹可知，EcologyFund是靠用戶的點(diǎn)擊率獲得廣告收入的方式運(yùn)營(yíng)的，用戶無需捐錢，而其他三個(gè)環(huán)保組織都接受包括捐款在內(nèi)的多種方式的支持。由此可以推斷，EcologyFund與其他三個(gè)環(huán)保組織的運(yùn)營(yíng)方式不同。①concernn.(尤指很多人共同的)擔(dān)憂，憂慮②endangeredadj.面臨滅亡的③adoptionn.收養(yǎng)；領(lǐng)養(yǎng)④conservationn.(對(duì)環(huán)境的)愛護(hù)(第四段第一句)Foundedofficiallyin1937,theNationalWildlifeFederationtriestoprotectwildlifeatallcosts.國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物聯(lián)合會(huì)于1937年正式成立，不惜一切代價(jià)愛護(hù)野生動(dòng)物。(2024·浙江高考)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告。調(diào)查表明，加利福尼亞州的大樹變少了，而氣候變更是其中的一個(gè)主要因素。愛護(hù)環(huán)境，須要我們每個(gè)人從身邊的每一件小事做起。低碳生活，人人有責(zé)。(Alow-carbonlifeiseveryone'sresponsibility.)4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.答案：A段落大意題。其次段中通過列舉一系列數(shù)字表明，加利福尼亞州的大樹削減的嚴(yán)峻性，故A項(xiàng)正確。5．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.答案：D推理推斷題。第三段中提到了造成加利福尼亞州的大樹削減的三個(gè)因素：woodcutters，housingdevelopment與aggressivewildfirecontrol。前兩個(gè)因素干脆與大樹的削減有關(guān)，假如能限制住，大樹就不會(huì)削減；而第三個(gè)因素——限制野火的措施使得加利福尼亞州的森林里滿是跟大樹爭(zhēng)奪資源的小樹，初衷是好的，為了限制野火，實(shí)則對(duì)大樹不利，故D項(xiàng)正確。6．WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.答案：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“...thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures...”可知，水資源不足的主要緣由就是氣溫上升，即更加暖和的氣候，故C項(xiàng)正確。7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California'sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaFo－rests?D．PatrickMcIntyre：GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案：A標(biāo)題推斷題。本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告，第一段就點(diǎn)出主題：Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s。后面詳細(xì)分析了加利福尼亞州大樹的現(xiàn)狀、造成大樹削減的緣由等，故A項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最合適。①declinev.削減②ecologistn.生態(tài)學(xué)家③aggressiveadj.富于攻擊性的④documentv.記錄n.文件(第五段第一句)Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.在樹木缺水最嚴(yán)峻的地區(qū)，大樹的損失最大。(2024·北京高考)Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.StephanieDutkiewicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterforGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimatemodelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthatmultiplechangestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojectsthatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbecomeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,suchasthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareaswillturngreener.“Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging，”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”Andwhydoesthatmatter?Phytoplanktonarethebaseofthefoodweb.Ifcertainkindsbegintodisappearfromtheocean,Dutkiewiczsaid,“itwillchangethetypeoffishthatwillbeabletosurvive.”Thosekindsofchangescouldaffectthefoodchain.Whatevercolourchangestheoceanexperiencesinthecomingdecadeswillprobablybetoogradualandunnoticeable,buttheycouldmeansignificantchanges.“It'llbeawhilebeforewecanstatisticallyshowthatthechangesarehappeningbecauseofclimatechange，”Dutkiewiczsaid,“butthechangeinthecolouroftheoceanwillbeoneoftheearlywarningsignalsthatwereallyhavechangedourplanet.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。調(diào)查表明，由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。海洋是人類的生物寶庫，我們要增加海洋意識(shí)，愛護(hù)蔚藍(lán)海洋，立志成為愛護(hù)海洋生物的有心人(determinedtobeadedicateddefenderofmarinelife)。8．Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A．Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.B．Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolour.C．Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.D．Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.答案：B段落大意題。文章第一段點(diǎn)題：由于氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠。其次段介紹由于光從生物體反射的方式，這些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了五彩繽紛的圖案；氣候變更又使得這些浮游植物在某些區(qū)域加速生長(zhǎng)而在其他地方有所削減，導(dǎo)致海洋表面的顏色變更。由此可知前兩段講了海洋顏色變更的緣由，故B項(xiàng)正確。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.答案：A詞義揣測(cè)題。畫線詞后一句提到，氣候變暖變更了海洋的主要特點(diǎn)并能影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樗鼈円L(zhǎng)不僅僅須要陽光和二氧化碳，也須要養(yǎng)分。由此可知，這些浮游植物對(duì)海洋變暖很敏感，故A項(xiàng)正確。10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Phytoplanktonplayadecliningroleinthemarineecosystem.B．Dutkiewicz'smodelaimstoprojectphytoplanktonchanges.C．Phytoplanktonhavebeenusedtocontrolglobalclimate.D．Oceanswithmorephytoplanktonmayappeargreener.答案：D推理推斷題。倒數(shù)其次段中提到這些浮游植物是海洋食物鏈的基礎(chǔ)，假如某些種類的浮游植物消逝了，會(huì)影響能存活的魚的類型，從而影響海洋食物鏈，并結(jié)合文章第四段倒數(shù)其次句可知浮游植物多的區(qū)域海水會(huì)變得更綠，故D項(xiàng)正確。11．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges.B．Toanalysethecompositionoftheoceanfoodchain.C．Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans.D．Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton.答案：C主旨大意題。文章主要論述了隨著氣候變暖，全球的海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、更綠，即氣候變更對(duì)海洋有影響，故C項(xiàng)正確。①phenomenonn.現(xiàn)象②regulatevt.調(diào)整，限制③multipleadj.數(shù)量多的，多種多樣的④leadto導(dǎo)致；通向⑤giveoff散發(fā)出(氣體、熱量或氣味)(第三段其次句)Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.譯文：當(dāng)這些生物體死亡時(shí)，它們將碳埋在深海中，這是一個(gè)幫助調(diào)整全球氣候的重要過程。分析：本句是復(fù)合句，“Whentheseorganismsdie”是條件狀語從句，后面的主句中“animportantprocess”后面含一個(gè)定語從句“thathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate”。(2024·黃岡市高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè))WilliamLindesayhasbeeninterestedintheGreatWallofChinasinceseeingitinaschoolatlas(地圖冊(cè))asachildinEngland.“Ivividlyrecallseeinginthe“OxfordSchoolAtlas”theGreatWallwithitsbattlementsymbol.Fromthatmoment,IhadinmymindthatwhenIgrewupI'dgotoChinaandwalkalongtheGreatWallfromendtoend.”Lindesay'sabout3,000kmsolorunalongtheGreatWallbeganin1987.Runningthelengthofthewallwasabraveexpedition,venturingintosparselypopulatedregionswheretherewaslittlechanceofhelpiftherunnerhadanaccident.Duringanothertrip,LindesayandhisteamventureddeepintotheGobiDesertofMongolia.Theexplorersalmostdiedfromdehydration(脫水).Intotal,Lindesayestimatesinaninterviewthathehasspentabout1,600daysofhislife,orfourfullyears,ontheGreatWallinallseasons.Lindesayandhiswife,WuQi,whomhegottoknowandfellinlovewithduringhistripsinChina,hadafarmhouseatthefootofthewall.Duringhisexploration,henoticedsomesectionsofthewallwerebadlydamagedandcoveredwithlitter.Modernizationanddevelopmentweremakingthesituationevenworse.“Somepeoplesayitwilltakegenerationstochange;Isaywedon'thavegenerationsoftime.It'sgottobemuchquicker，”hesaid.Lindesayalwayscarriesagarbagebagwithhiminthewilderness,pickinglitteralongtheway.Lindesayusesagarbagebagashiscallingcard.TheclothbagbearsasetofninesimpleguidelinesinChinese,whichcallsonpeopletoobservewhiletravelingorcampingoutdoors:“Takeyourowngarbagehome”“Pickuplitterleftbyothers“Don'tdamageplantsorflowers,orpickfruit”andlotsmore.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了一位外國(guó)友人Lindesay從小就愛上了長(zhǎng)城，長(zhǎng)大后游歷長(zhǎng)城，結(jié)識(shí)愛妻，并做長(zhǎng)城的清道夫的故事。長(zhǎng)城是中國(guó)也是世界上修建時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)、工程量最大的一項(xiàng)古代防衛(wèi)工程，是我國(guó)乃至世界上的寶貴物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)(preciousmaterialandculturalheritage)，我們要好好愛惜長(zhǎng)城的環(huán)境！12．WhatsparkedWilliamLindesay'sdreamofexploringtheGreatWall?A．SeeingamovieabouttheGreatWall. B．ExperiencingawarfortheGreatWall.C．SurfingawebsiteabouttheGreatWall. D．AdmiringtheGreatWallintheschoolatlas.答案：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句“WilliamLindesayhasbeeninterestedintheGreatWallofChinasinceseeingitinaschoolatlas(地圖冊(cè))asachildinEngland.”可知WilliamLindesay自從孩提時(shí)在學(xué)校的地圖冊(cè)上看到長(zhǎng)城就愛上了長(zhǎng)城。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sparsely”mean?A．Remotely. B．Rarely. C．Frequently. D．Largely.答案：B詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫線詞后的“populatedregionswheretherewaslittlechanceofhelpiftherunnerhadanaccident”可推知，人口稀有的地方供應(yīng)幫助的機(jī)會(huì)也少，故選B。14．WhatworsenedthesituationoftheGreatWall?A．Thedestroyedecosystems. B