名師原創(chuàng)：Unit1-單元語法詳解課件（二）

Unit1ANewStart單元語法詳解(二)原創(chuàng)Cao

2021,4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語◆現(xiàn)在分詞的前世今生現(xiàn)在分詞,又稱動(dòng)詞的–ing形式，即在動(dòng)詞后面加ing構(gòu)成，是分詞的一種，與過去分詞相對，是非謂語動(dòng)詞中的一種形式，常在句子中充當(dāng)定語，表語，補(bǔ)語，狀語，它既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，又有形容詞和副詞的性質(zhì)，可以充當(dāng)表語，定語，狀語，補(bǔ)足語。現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式：doing；一般被動(dòng)式：beingdone完成式：havingdone；完成被動(dòng)式：havingbeendone.否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在

-ing前面加not.現(xiàn)在分詞在本單元中扮演的角色：充當(dāng)狀語◆原句再現(xiàn)Turningaround,Isawawhite-hairedman.Lookingbackonmyhighschoollife,themostimportantadviceI’dgiveisthesewonderfulwordsfromthewriterMayaAngelou.◆詳細(xì)分解時(shí)間狀語原因狀語條件狀語結(jié)果狀語讓步狀語伴隨狀語現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)狀語→→一、現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)間狀語,相當(dāng)于時(shí)間從句⑴現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作時(shí)間狀語，例如：a.Hearingthenews,

alljumpedwithjoy.=Whentheyheardthenews,…b.

Readingcarefully,

hefoundsomethingnew.=Whenhereadcarefully，…c.

Arrivingatthebusstop,

hefoundTomthere.=Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,…d.Walkinginthepark,

shecameacrossafriend.

=Whenshewaswalkinginthepark,…小結(jié)1:現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作時(shí)間狀語時(shí),時(shí)間上與主句時(shí)間相同;句法功能上相當(dāng)于when/while引的時(shí)間狀語從句。⑵現(xiàn)在分詞完成式havingdone

作時(shí)間狀語，例如：a.Havingfinishedhishomework,

hewenttobed.=Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,…b.Havingwonthegame,

allofthemsanganddancedallnight.=Aftertheyhadwonthegame,…c.Havingbeentoldthatherdaughtergotsick,

shehurriedtotheschooltotakeherhome.=Aftershewastoldthatherdaughtergotsick,…小結(jié)

2:完成式havingdone作時(shí)間狀語，在時(shí)間上，havingdone表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前；句法功能上,相當(dāng)于after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句二、現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語=because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。⑴現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語，例如：a.Readingveryattentively,

heforgotthetimeforlunch.=Becausehewasreadingveryattentively,…b.Beingillyesterday,

hedidn’tcometoschool.=becausehewasillyesterday,…c.Notknowingheraddress,

hewenttoaskforhelp.=Becausehedidn’tknowheraddress,…⑵現(xiàn)在分詞完成式havingdone作原因狀語,例如：a.Havinglivedinthecountryformanyyears,

sheknowshowtogrowvegetables.=Becauseshehaslivedinthecountryforyears,…b.Nothavingreceivedanynewsforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.=Becauseshehasnotreceivedanynewsformhomeforalongtime,…小結(jié)3:現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句;根據(jù)時(shí)間關(guān)系使用一般式或完成式。三、現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語,等于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語句,例如：a.

Turningtotheleft,

youwillfindhim.=Ifyouturntotheleft,…b.Readingcarefully,

youwilllearnsth.new.=Ifyoureadcarefully,…四、現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示由前面的情況導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果或后果，例如：a.Thebuswascaughtinasnowstorm,thus

causingthedelay.b.Themandrankupthewater,

leavinganemptybottle.c.helefthalfway,

makingusunhappy.五、現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語=讓步狀語從句，例如：a.

Beingill,

hekeptongoingtoschoolasusual.

=Thoughhewasill,…b.Havingmetthewordfortimes,

Idon’tknowit.=ThoughIhavemetthewordfortimes,…c.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,

Istillcouldn’tunderstandit.=ThoughIhavebeentoldmanytimes,…六、現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語或方式狀語，相當(dāng)于并列謂語動(dòng)詞,例如：a.Theywalkedalongthestreet,

talkingandlaughing.b.Theystoodbytheroadside

talkingabouttheplan.c.Shesatatthewindow,

readingthelatestnews.d.Shecametous,

runningveryquickly.=Thewalkedalongthestreet,talkedandlaughed=Theystoodbytheroadsideandtalkedabouttheplan=Shesatthewindowandreadthelatestnews=Shecametousandranveryquicklye.Followingaguide,

westartedtoclimbthehill.=Wefollowedaguideandstartedtoclimbthehill考點(diǎn)感悟①現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式：Not+doing/havingdonea.Not

having

receivedanynewsforalongtime,sheisbecomingmoreandmorehomesick.b.Not

knowing

heraddress,hewenttoaskforhelp.②注意時(shí)間關(guān)系：如果動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前,現(xiàn)在分詞就用完成式havingdone;如果動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在主句動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生,現(xiàn)在分詞就用一般式doing,例如：a.

Hearing

thenews,alljumpedwithjoy.b.

Havingfinished

hishomework,hewenttobed.③抓住主被動(dòng)關(guān)系：看現(xiàn)在分詞和主語是主謂關(guān)系還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果是主謂關(guān)系就用主動(dòng)，動(dòng)賓關(guān)系就用被動(dòng)，例如：a.

Havingbeentold

manytimes,

I

stillcouldn’tunderstandit.b.

Havingfinished

hishomework,

he

wenttobed.④時(shí)刻注意現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯主語和主句主語一致，例如：a.

Readingcarefully,

hefoundsthnew.=When

he

readcarefully,

he…b.

Beingillyesterday,

he

didn’tcometoschool=because

he

wasillyesterday,

he…◆即學(xué)即練1.

__________

(rise)

fromtheeast,the

sunlooksbigandbeautiful.2.___________

(last)twohours,themeetingended

finally.3.

______________

(realise)

thathewaswrong,heapologizedatonce.4.

________________(tell)thegoodnewsbefore,hewasnotexcited.5.Theoldsatunderatree,_________(think).6.________(be)ill,thescientistkeptonworking.在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式RisingLastingHavingrealisedHavingbeentoldthinkingBeing7.

Theylefthalfway,

_________(make)meconfused.8.

_____