小學(xué)英語語法一般過去時(shí)的用法練習(xí)題

小學(xué)英語語法一般過去時(shí)的用法練習(xí)題一般過去時(shí)（PEPBook8Unit3LastWeek/Unit4MyHolidays）Hello,boysandgirls!今天我們講一般過去時(shí)，分三個(gè)方面講述，大家可要認(rèn)真聽喲！I.一般過去時(shí)的概念一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：lastyear,yesterday等；也可表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和often,always等頻率副詞連用。例如：①Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看見他了。②LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。II.一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成：(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則：①一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。②以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。③末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。④末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,come-came,take-took,have(has)-had等。III.一般過去時(shí)的幾種句型肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其它。如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+didnot(didn't)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天沒去玩具店。一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句的構(gòu)成：Did+主語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它？如：1)-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?-Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn't.)2)-Didyoumeetthebusinessmanbefore?-No,Ididn't.(Yes,Idid.)一般過去時(shí)的特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成：疑問詞＋did+主語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它？如：1)-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.2)-Wheredidyougolastweek?-IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.一般過去時(shí)口訣一般過去時(shí)并不難，表示過去動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)記心間。動(dòng)詞要用過去式，時(shí)間狀語句末站。否定句很簡(jiǎn)單，didn't站在動(dòng)詞原形前，其它部分不要變。一般疑問句也好變，did放在句子前，主語、動(dòng)詞原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑問句也簡(jiǎn)單，疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。最后一條請(qǐng)注意，動(dòng)詞過去式要牢記。小朋友們口訣記，學(xué)會(huì)一般過去時(shí)沒問題。小學(xué)階段要掌握的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的過去式:watchedTV,washedclothes,playedfootball,cleanedtheroom,visitedgrandparents,wenttoapark,wentswimming,readabook,wentfishing,wenthiking,learnedChinese,sanganddanced,tookpictures,climbedamountain,ategoodfood,boughtpresents,rowedaboat,sawelephants,wentskiing,wentice-skating.同學(xué)們，關(guān)于一般過去時(shí)我們就簡(jiǎn)單地學(xué)這些，你們都掌握了嗎？加油呀！一一般過去時(shí)的練習(xí)I.用所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。⒈He_____(visit)theGreatWalllastyear.2.We________(have)agoodtimeyesterday.3.Weoften_______(go)toschoolbybuslastyear.4.I________(live)inthevillagewhenIwasachild.5.Mike______(see)abigtigerinthenatureparklastyear.6.Sam_____(do)thehouseworkyesterday.7.______(do)you_______(enjoy)yourselfyesterday?8.______(do)you_________(play)theviolinintheartroomyesterday?No,Ididn't.I_____(draw)somepicturesthere.9..I______(eat)abigpizzayesterday.10.There____(be)manysheeponthefarmlastyear.11.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.12.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.13.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)14.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?15.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.II.選擇填空()1.Shewateredtheflowers________.AtomorrowBsometimesCyesterdaymorning()2.What____Mikedolastweekend?AdoBdoesCdid()3.I___myroomlastSunday.AcleanedBcleanCamcleaning()4.Ioftenhelpmymother_____housework.AdoesBdidCdo()5._____you_____TVlastnight.ADo,watchBDid,watchCDid,watched()6.---Didyourfatherwriteane-mailyesterday？AYes,hedid.BYes,hedoesCNo,hedon’t()7.They_____onatripinFebruary,2007.AaregoingBgoingCwent()8.We’regoingto_____mountainstomorrow.AclimbBclimbedCclimbing()9.____he____footballtwodaysago?ADoes,playBDid,playedCDid,play()10.----Goodafternoon,MissLee.HowdoesMikefeel?-----He’stired.He____alotofwork______.Adoes,thismorningBdo,thismorningCdid,thismorningIII．連詞成句。1.did,what,you,yesterday,do._______________________________________2.watch,John,did,TV,weekend,last._______________________________________3.went,I,to,by,park,a,bike_______________________________________4.jumped,the,into,lake,he,and,the,to,swam,kite._______________________________________________________________________IV.根據(jù)句意,填上合適的單詞。1．-Whereyougoonyourholiday？-Iapark。2．-didyoudoonyourholiday？-Ipresents。3．-didyougothere？IIwentplane.1不定式作賓語1)動(dòng)詞+不定式affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake舉例：Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司機(jī)沒能及時(shí)看見另一輛車。Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2）動(dòng)詞+不定式；動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,helpintendlike,love,needprefer,prepare,promise,want,wish…Iliketokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。Ilikeyoutokeepeverythingtidy.我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。IwanttospeaktoTom.我想和湯姆談話。IwantyoutospeaktoTom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。3）動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tellPleaseshowushowtodothat.請(qǐng)演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.有這么多的錄音機(jī)，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實(shí)施。2不定式作補(bǔ)語1)動(dòng)詞+賓語+不定式(todo)adviseallowappointbelievecausemandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineimpelinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequireselectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠?。b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.我們相信他是有罪的。Find的特殊用法：Find后可用分詞做賓補(bǔ)，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。find后也可帶一個(gè)從句。此類動(dòng)詞還有g(shù)et，have。Ifoundhimlyingontheground.Ifounditimportanttolearn.IfoundthattolearnEnglishisimportant.典型例題:Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動(dòng)，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)。2)to+be的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover,fancy(設(shè)想),feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以為),understandWeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。典型例題CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented答案：A.由considertodosth.排除B、D。.此句只說明發(fā)明這一個(gè)事實(shí)，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞一般不用完成時(shí)，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。3)tobe+形容詞Seem,appear,besaid,besupposed,bebelieved,bethought,beknown,bereported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean…Thebookisbelievedtobeuninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。4)therebe+不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWedidn'texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我們沒料到會(huì)有那么多人在哪里。注意：有些動(dòng)詞需用as短語做補(bǔ)語，如regard,thinkbelieve,take,consider.WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Marytookhimasherfather.瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。3不定式主語1）It'seasy(forme)todothat.我做這事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenoughIt'ssonicetohearyourvoice.聽到你的聲音真高興。It'snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候，鎖車是有必要的。2)It'sverykindofyoutohelpus.他幫助我們，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:Itwassillyofustobelievehim.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：1)其他系動(dòng)詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型2)不定式作為句子成分時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。3)當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個(gè)不定式作表語時(shí)，不能用Itis…to…的句型(對(duì))Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。(錯(cuò))Itistobelievetosee.4It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.1）forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。2）ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來幫助我，你真是太好了。for與of的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個(gè)句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。如：Youarenice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。Heishard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)5不定式作表語不定式可放在be動(dòng)詞后面，形成表語。例如：Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.6不定式作定語不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.Sohemadesomecandlestogivelight.7不定式作狀語1）目的狀語To…onlyto(僅僅為了),inorderto,soasto,so(such)…asto…(如此……以便……)Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.我來僅僅是向你告別。2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。WhathaveIsaidtomakeyouangry.Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3)表原因I'mgladtoseeyou.典型例題Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與介詞連用時(shí)，常位于"形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。8用作介詞的toto有兩種用法：一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形；一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞,to在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+名詞/動(dòng)名詞：admitto承認(rèn)，confessto承認(rèn)，beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于，beusedto習(xí)慣于，stickto堅(jiān)持，turnto開始，著手于，devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于，bedevotedto致力于，lookforwardto盼望，payattentionto注意9省to的動(dòng)詞不定式1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除ought外，oughtto)：2）使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make：3）感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。注意：在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.4）wouldrather，hadbetter：5）Why…/whynot…：6）help可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb(to)dosth：7）but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。8）由and,or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to可以省去：9）通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe：Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。舉例：HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.比較：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.典型例題1)----Iusuallygotherebytrain.----Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D.whynot后面接不帶to的不定式，因此選D。2）Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning答案：B.make后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to不可省略。10動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式Tellhimnottoshutthewindow…ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.我走過的時(shí)候，她假裝沒看見。典型例題1）Tellhim___thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshut答案：B。tellsbtodosth的否定形式為tellsbnottodosth.2)Shepretended___mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen答案：A。pretend后應(yīng)接不定式。其否定形式為pretendnottodosth.。3）Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案：A。warnsbtodosth.的否定形式為warnsbnottodosth.此處用的是否定詞never.4)Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet，buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto答案：A。notto為nottodoit的省略形式?？梢灾挥胻o這個(gè)詞，而不必重復(fù)整個(gè)不定式詞組。及物動(dòng)詞do后應(yīng)有名詞、代詞等，否則不對(duì)，因此B，D不對(duì)。5)Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnoB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating答案：C。warn一詞要求后用不定式，此處為不定式的被動(dòng)，否定形式為bewarnednottodo。11不定式的特殊句型too…to…1）too…to太…以至于…Heistooexcitedtospeak.他太激動(dòng)了，說不出話來。----CanIhelpyou?需要我?guī)兔?----Well,I'mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.不用了。這箱子太重，恐怕你搬不動(dòng)。謝謝您。2)如在too前有否定詞，則整個(gè)句子用否定詞表達(dá)肯定，too后那個(gè)詞表達(dá)一種委婉含義，意為"不太"。It'snevertoolatetomend.(諺語)改過不嫌晚。3)當(dāng)too前面有only,all,but時(shí)，意思是：非?！扔趘ery。I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.我非常高興能幫助你。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。12不定式的特殊句型soasto1）表示目的；它的否定式是soasnottodo。Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.湯姆對(duì)事故保持沉默是為了不丟掉他的工作。Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.輕點(diǎn)進(jìn)去，別驚醒了嬰兒。2)sokindasto---勞駕Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?勞駕，現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了。13不定式的特殊句型Whynot"Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不……?""干嗎不……?"例如：Whynottakeaholiday?干嗎不去度假?14不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)\語態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing1)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再見到你。2)完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3)進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：Sheisknowntohavebeenwreakingontheproblemformanyyears.15動(dòng)名詞與不定式1）動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：動(dòng)名詞表達(dá)的是：狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達(dá)的是：目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2）接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，意義相同。3）動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同的有11組：1stoptodostopdoing2forgettodoforgetdoing3remembertodorememberdoing4regrettodoregretdoing5ceasetodoceasedoing6trytodotrydoing7goontodogoondoing8afraidtodoafraiddoing9interestedtoeresteddoing10meantodomeandoing11begin/starttodobegin/startdoing1()1-Haveyougotsomewatertodrink?-Hereyouare.There___stillsomeinthebottle.A.areB.wereC.isD.was()2_____theremanyAmericanfriendsintheschoollastFriday?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were()3There____agreatmanyaccidentslastyear.A.wereB.areC.isD.was()4-Howmanychildren____inthepicture?-Three.A.hasthereB.isthereC.havethereD.arethere2()1In1850,aboutathirdofU.S.A___coveredbyforests.A.wereB.hasbeenC./D.was()2Mostofourearth____coveredbywater.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()3Sunday____thefirstdayoftheweek.A.isB.areC.amD.be()4Neither___right.A.answersareB.answersaren'tC.answerisD.answerisn't3()1Thepopulationoftheworld____still____now.A.has;grownB.will;growC.is;growingD.isgrown()2There____manypeoplerunningintheparkeverymorning.A.isB.wereC.areD.have()3Thesepoliceoften___thechildrenacrossthestreet.A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.ishelping4()1___goingtoEnglandbyairnextweek.A.TheGreenfamilyareB.TheGreensfamilyareC.TheGreen'sfamilyareD.Greenfamilyare()2Thewholefamily____enjoyingthebeautifulmusicnow.A.isallB.allisC.allareD.areall()3Ourclass___big.A.isB.areC.wereD.will5()1NeitherhenorI____fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.isB.areC.amD.be()2Eitheryouorhe____right.A.areB.isC.doesD.were()3NeitherMarynorherbrother____goodatsinging.A.isB.areC.isnotD.arenot()4NotonlyTombutalsoAliceandMary____busy.A.isB.wasC.areD.has6()1Physics___interestingtous.A.areB.hasC.isD.were()2Thenews____exciting.Wegotexcitedatit.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are()3Thoughmathematics____hard,weallworkatithard.areB.wereC.wasD.is【知識(shí)梳理】I.重點(diǎn)短語1.Sitdown2.onduty3.inEnglish4.haveaseat5.athome6.looklike7.lookat8.havealook9.comeon10.atwork11.atschool12.puton13.lookafter14.getup15.goshoppingII.重要句型1.helpsb.dosth.2.Whatabout…?3.Let’sdosth.4.It’stimetodosth.5.It’stimefor…6.What’s…?Itis…/It’s…7.Whereis…?It’s….8.Howoldareyou?I’m….9.Whatclassareyouin?I’min….10.Welcometo….11.What’s…plus…?It’s….12.Ithink…13.Who’sthis?Thisis….14.Whatcanyousee？Icansee….15.Thereis(are)….16.Whatcolourisit(arethey)?It’s(They’re)…17.Whose…isthis?It’s….18.Whattimeisit?It’s….III.交際用語1.Goodmorning,Miss/Mr….2.Hello!Hi!3.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.4.Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou/thanks.Andyou?5.Seeyou.Seeyoulater.6.Thankyou!You’rewelcome.7.Goodbye!Bye!8.What’syourname?Mynameis….9.Hereyouare.Thisway,please.10.Who’sondutytoday?11.Let’sdo.12.Letmesee.IV.重要語法1.動(dòng)詞be的用法；2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法；4.冠詞的基本用法；5.Therebe句型的用法?！久麕熤v解】1.in/on在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如：Thereisabirdinthetree.樹上有只鳥。Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有張圖。2.this/that/these/those(1)this常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：YoulookinthisboxandI’lllookinthatoneoverthere.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Takethesebookstohisroom,please.請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。Thisismine;that’syours.這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。Theseareapples;thoseareoranges.這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。(2)在打電話的用語中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat?我是瑪麗。你是誰？3.Therebe/haveTherebe"有"，其確切含意為"某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。"其結(jié)構(gòu)是：Therebe+某人或某物+表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語。Therebe后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語，be動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2)Thereisadollinthebox.那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。(3)Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那樹上有許多蘋果?？傊?，Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的"有"。have表示"擁有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞，與主語是所屬關(guān)系。例如：(4)Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。(5)Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。4.look/see/watch(1)look表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語，如：He’slookingatme。他正在看著我。(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語。如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在圖上看到什么？Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。4.puton//inputon意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作,后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標(biāo)語和狀語。如：It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout.他戴上帽子，走了出去。ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。5.house/home/familyhouse：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;Home:“家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方;Family:“家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如：Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來。Heisnotathome.他不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?.fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容詞表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表語又可作定語，而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于：(1)fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的"精細(xì)"，形容人時(shí)表示的是"身體健康"，也可以用來指"天氣晴朗"。例如：Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身體很健康。That'safinemachine.那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。It'safinedayforawalktoday.今天是散步的好時(shí)候。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于問候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucylooksnice.露西看上去很漂亮。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看。Nicetomeetyou.見到你很高興。It'sveryniceofyou.你真好。(3)good形容人時(shí)指"品德好"，形容物時(shí)指"質(zhì)量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如：Hersonisagoodstudent.她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。Theredcarisverygood.那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來形容人的"身體好"，但不能作定語，它也能用作副詞作狀語，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：I'mverywell,thanks.我身體很好，謝謝。Myfriendssingwell.我的朋友們歌唱得好。一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives5．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______man______woman_______paper_______juice___________water________milk________rice__________tea__________二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹【No.1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1.be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語+be+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be+主語+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Whereismybike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問句：Do(Does)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry____come________watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________do_________teach_______二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改寫句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)___________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改為否定句)_______________________________________________________6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改為否定句)___________________________________________________7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)________________________________________________________8.JohncomesfromCanada.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)___________________________________________________9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)________________________________________________________10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改為否定句)___________________________________________________五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意+be+主語+動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞不達(dá)意+be+動(dòng)詞ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write_________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)_________________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)四、將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①begoingto+do；②will+do.三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑問句：be或will提到句首，some改為any,and改為or，第一二人稱互換。例如：Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend?五、對(duì)劃線部分提問。一般情況，一般將來時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。1.問人。Who例如：I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.2.問干什么。What…do.例如：Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.3.問什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed?六、同義句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.練習(xí)：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打籃球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?改句子。5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy________goingtogocamping.6.I’llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.7.I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_______________________tog