貴州省六盤(pán)水市水城區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

2024—2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高一質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)試卷英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatcolordoesthemanlikebest?A.Blue.B.Yellow.C.Green.2.Whenwillthespeakersgoshopping?A.ThisSunday.B.NextSaturday.C.NextSunday.3.Whatisthetemperatureinthehouse?A.29℃.B.21℃.C.20℃.4.Whatisthewoman?A.Auniversityprofessor.B.Amathteacher.C.Alibrarian.5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofmakingnewfriendsnow?A.It’sdifficult.B.It’seasy.C.It’snormal.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheremightthespeakersbe?A.Inaclassroom.B.Atamovietheater.C.Inasupermarket.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonexttime?A.Talktotheboy’sfather.B.Leavetheboyalone.C.Sitinthebackseats.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.HowdidUncleGeorgecontacttheman?A.Bymakingacall.B.Bysendingamessage.C.Bysendinganemail.9.Whatisthemangoingtodothisevening?A.Buytheballoons.B.Buyapresent.C.Makesomefood.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Classmates.C.Teacherandparent.11.Whatdoestherecentexamfocuson?A.Listening,readingandwriting.B.Listening,readingandspeaking.C.Speaking,translationandreading.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Practiceeveryday.B.Takemoreexams.C.Buylisteningbooks.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.HowdoesthewomanfindDrBill’sservice?A.Goodandcheap.B.Goodbutexpensive.C.Badandexpensive.14.WhatwillthewomandoonTuesdayafternoon?A.Havedinnerwithherfriends.B.Watchamoviewiththeman.C.Haveafinalexaminationofherteeth.15.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Atthecinema.B.Attherestaurant.C.Atthedoctor’s.16.Whowilltakesomecake?A.David.B.Thewoman.C.Theman.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeaker’smainpurpose?A.Tointroducearacetopeople.B.Toattracttouriststovisithere.C.Toinvitepeopletowatcharace.18.Whenshouldpeoplearriveatthetownhall?A.At9:30.B.At9:45.C.At10:15.19.Whatwilleverybodygetforfreewhentheyfinish?A.Apairofshoes.B.AT-shirt.C.Amoneyprize.20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeoplebring?A.Somefood.B.Anumbrella.C.Somewater.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourWonderfulHotelsinSpainHotelVillaFavoritaItisabeautiful19th-centurybuilding,thelastofitskindonLaConchaBeachinSanSebastián,Spain,nowdoingbusinessasanamazingluxury(豪華)hotel.Someroomslookoutoverthecity,whileothersfacedirectlyoúttosea.Thehotel’srestaurant,Amelia,wasownedbyafamouscookwhowouldbringthetastesofhisnativeArgentinatoSpain’sAtlanticcoast.HotelZinema7HotelZinema7isahotelthat’sallabouttheloveofmovies.It’sdesigned(設(shè)計(jì))withtheartofcinemainmind.Thelargefilm-starimagesintheguestroomsarethemostoutstandingexample.You’llreallyadmirehowwellthewholeideahasbeenputtogether.Lookingback,itmakestotalsensebecausethehotelisactuallyinsideanold,famousmovietheatercalledtheAstoriaCinema.Thechangeintoahotelwasprettycool.NobuHotelSanSebastiánThishotelishousedinaBelleEpoque-stylebuilding,theinsidedecorated(裝飾)withamixofmodernJapanesedesignandlocaltouches.All17guestroomsofferviewsofLaConchaBay.Theroomsusesoftcolorsandsimpledesignscreatingasenseofcalm.YoucanenjoyadrinkoramealatNobuTerrace,whichoverlooksLaConchaBay.TheNobuRestaurantfeaturesJapanesetastesbyitscookNobuMatsuhisa.HotelArima&SpaThishotelinSanSebastiánisafineexampleofforward-lookinghoteldesign,combinedwithaneco-friendly,nature-firstwaythatmakesforapeacefulexperience.Thelocationplacesitatsomedistancefromthebeachesandthetowncenter,butwhatyougainismoreclosemeetwiththeMarimonforest.Theroomsfeelwarmandnatural,andmostofthemlookoutatgreenscenery.1.WhatdoweknowaboutHotelVillaFavorita?A.Itwassetupbyacook. B.ItisdesignedinJapanesestyle.C.YoucanhaveArgentinian-stylefoodthere. D.Youcanseeviewsofthecityinanyofitsrooms.2.Whichhotelwillmostprobablyattractamovielover?A.HotelVillaFavorita. B.HotelZinema7.C.NobuHotelSanSebastián. D.HotelArima&Spa.3.WhatistheideabehindthedesignofHotelArimn&Spa?A.Meetingworld-famousstars. B.Offeringspecialdiningexperience.C.Caringabouttheenvironment. D.Experiencingculturaldifferences.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了西班牙的四家精彩酒店?！?題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thehotel’srestaurant,Amelia,wasownedbyafamouscookwhowouldbringthetastesofhisnativeArgentinatoSpain’sAtlanticcoast.(酒店的阿米莉亞餐廳的老板是一位著名的廚師，他將他的祖國(guó)阿根廷的味道帶到西班牙的大西洋海岸)”可知，這家酒店的餐廳是阿根廷風(fēng)味的，所以可以在這里吃到阿根廷風(fēng)格的食物，故選C。【2題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HotelZinema7部分中“HotelZinema7isahotelthat’sallabouttheloveofmovies.(HotelZinema7是一家充滿對(duì)電影熱愛(ài)的酒店)”可知，HotelZinema7最有可能吸引電影愛(ài)好者，故選B?！?題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThishotelinSanSebastiánisafineexampleofforward-lookinghoteldesign,combinedwithaneco-friendly,nature-firstwaythatmakesforapeacefulexperience.(這家位于圣Sebastián的酒店是前瞻性酒店設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)很好的例子，結(jié)合了生態(tài)友好，自然優(yōu)先的方式，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)和平的體驗(yàn))”可知，HotelArima&Spa的設(shè)計(jì)理念是環(huán)保的、以自然為先的，即關(guān)心環(huán)境的，故選C。BJohnhasbeenadevotedhockey(冰球)enthusiast.Inthepastaroundtwodecadesback,John,apartofthelocaljuniorleagueteam,TheRapid,wasaninfluentialicehockeycompetitorinhishometown,evenwithaconsiderablegroupofadmirers.However,akneeinjuryinhisteenageyearsendedhishopesofacareerontheice.Yearspassed,andJohngrewintoasuccessfulbusinessman,buthisloveforhockeyneverdisappeared.Oneday,hestumbleduponanopportunitytoreviewhischildhoodpassion.TheRapidwasorganizingacharity(慈善)gametoraisemoneyforthetown’syouthsportsprogram.Johnreachedouttotheteam’smanager,MrSmith,withaspecialrequest.Hewantedtosuitupandplayasthegoaltender(守門(mén)員)foroneperiodofthegame,justforthefunofitandtoencouragetheyoungerplayers.MrSmithwasdelightedandquicklyarrangedforJohntojointheteamfortheday.ThenewsthatJohnwouldtakepartinthegamespreadlikewildfireinthetown,andthestadiumwaspackedwithexcitedsupporters.Onthebigday,Johnputonhisold,abitwornbutstillcherishedhockeyequipment(裝備).Hesteppedontotheice,feelingarushofemotionsthathehadn’tfeltindecades.Thecrowdburstintocheersashefacedthefirstshot,andwitheachsave,theenergygrew.Afterthegame,Johnsurprisedeveryonebydonatinghisgame-wornequipmentandagenerouschecktothelocalyouthsportsprogram.“Imaynothavebeenabletobecomeaprofessional,”hesaid,“butI’mhappytogivebackandhelpthesekidschasetheirdreams.”P(pán)eopleweredeeplymovedbyJohn’sselflessnessinsupportingthenextgeneration.Itwasareminderthatevenwhenourowndreamsseemoutofreach,wecanstillmakeadifferencetothelivesofothers.4WhatendedJohn’scareerasahockeyplayer?A.Growingold. B.Hisbusinesssuccess.C.Hiskneecondition. D.Notbeinginterested.5.WhydidJohnwanttoplayinthecharitygame?A.Toshowoffhisskill. B.Toinspiretheyouth.C.Towinhishonorback. D.Tomakemoremoney.6.WhatdidJohndoafterthegame?A.Hedecidedtogiveuphockeyeversince. B.Hesaidsorryfornotbeingprofessional.C.Heaskedtocheckuphisownequipment. D.Hegaveawayhisequipmentandmoney.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohn?A.Warm-heartedandhelpful. B.Creativebutmean.CHard-workingandhonest. D.Kindbutimpatient.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。冰球愛(ài)好者John雖然未能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的冰球職業(yè)夢(mèng)想，但通過(guò)參與慈善比賽的方式支持下一代青少年去追求夢(mèng)想?！?題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“However,akneeinjuryinhisteenageyearsendedhishopesofacareerontheice.(然而，十幾歲時(shí)的一次膝蓋受傷終結(jié)了他在冰上職業(yè)生涯的希望。)”可知，他的膝蓋受傷結(jié)束了約翰的冰球運(yùn)動(dòng)員生涯。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Hewantedtosuitupandplayasthegoaltender(守門(mén)員)foroneperiodofthegame,justforthefunofitandtoencouragetheyoungerplayers.(他想穿上隊(duì)服，在比賽中擔(dān)任一段時(shí)間的守門(mén)員，只是為了好玩，也為了鼓勵(lì)年輕球員。)”可知，約翰參加慈善比賽是為了激勵(lì)年輕球員。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“Afterthegame,Johnsurprisedeveryonebydonatinghisgame-wornequipmentandagenerouschecktothelocalyouthsportsprogram.(比賽結(jié)束后，約翰把他的比賽裝備和一張大額的支票捐給了當(dāng)?shù)氐那嗌倌牦w育項(xiàng)目，讓所有人都大吃一驚。)”可知，比賽結(jié)束后約翰捐贈(zèng)了他的設(shè)備和錢。故選D項(xiàng)。【7題】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，John雖然未能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的冰球職業(yè)夢(mèng)想，但通過(guò)參與慈善比賽的方式支持下一代青少年去追求夢(mèng)想。由此可知，他是一個(gè)熱心的、對(duì)他人有幫助的人。故選A項(xiàng)。CTheconditionsforsomeofextremefiresinrecentyearshavebecomebetween3and20timesglobally.Record-breakingfiresburnedinCanadaandturnedskiesfarawayinNewYorkorangeandgrey.ThelargestrecordedfiresintheEuropeanUnionkilled19peopleinGreece,andfiresinwesternAmazoniabroughtdirtyairtolocaltowns.AndwejustwentthroughasuperdestructivewildfireseasoninAthens,Greece,inAugust2024.Amajorreportshowsthattheamountofcarbonemissions(碳排放)fromwildfiresbetween2023and2024was8.2billiontonsofCO2.Forestwildfireswouldreleasemorecarbonemissions,poseahigherrisktopeople,andtakelongertorecover.Thereisnosingledefinitionofwhatfirecanbeanextremefire.Itcouldbemeasuredbyburnedarea,intensity,orhowunusualtheyare.“At200squarekilometres,thisyear’sfiresinGreecearemuchsmallerthanthe900squarekilometresburnedlastfireseason,butitwouldcountasanextremefire,becauseofitsclosenesstoandpotentialdamagetopeople,”saidauthorDrJoeMcNorton.WhenthisbigwildfiretearsthroughAthens,scientistsinEuropeareracingtounderstandwhyextremefireslikethisarebecomingmorecommon.Theyfindclimatechangeisthekeyfactor.Warmertemperaturesdryoutforests,whichmakeafiremorelikelytospread.Itcanalsocausemoreplantstogrow,whichprovidesmorefuel(燃料)forthefire.Humansalsoinfluencefires,likestartingthemthemselves,breakingupthelandscape,orhowwelltheyfightthem.DrJoesaysthereportwillbothguidepreparationsforwildfires,andhelptheworldunderstandthesimplefactthatfireswillkeepgettingworseuntilfossilfuelsarereplacedwithrenewableenergysources.Totackletheproblem,leadersshouldconsiderprotectingforestboundaries,reducingtheamountofnaturalfuelfire,imposingfirebansonhigh-riskdays,andinvestingmoreinearlywarningpredictionsystems.8.Howisparagraph1developed?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bydiscussingsolutions. D.Byexplainingcauses.9.WhywasthefireinGreececonsideredasanextremefire?A.Itburnedaverylargearea. B.Itbroughtharmfuleffects.C.Ithadmuchcarbonemissions. D.Itlastedalongperiodoftime.10.Whatmainlycausesextremefires?A.Sizeofforests. B.Humanbehavior. C.Locationoffires. D.Climatewarming.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tackle”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Applyfor. B.Bringabout. C.Dealwith. D.Focuson.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了全球極端火災(zāi)頻發(fā)的原因，并呼吁大家積極采取應(yīng)對(duì)措施?！?題】推理判斷題。由第一段“Theconditionsforsomeofextremefiresinrecentyearshavebecomebetween3and20timesglobally.Record-breakingfiresburnedinCanadaandturnedskiesfarawayinNewYorkorangeandgrey.ThelargestrecordedfiresintheEuropeanUnionkilled19peopleinGreece,andfiresinwesternAmazoniabroughtdirtyairtolocaltowns.AndwejustwentthroughasuperdestructivewildfireseasoninAthens,Greece,inAugust2024.(近年來(lái)，全球一些極端火災(zāi)條件已經(jīng)增加了3到20倍。加拿大發(fā)生了破紀(jì)錄的大火，紐約的天空變成了橙色和灰色。歐盟有記錄以來(lái)最大的火災(zāi)在希臘造成19人死亡，亞馬遜西部的火災(zāi)給當(dāng)?shù)爻擎?zhèn)帶來(lái)了骯臟的空氣。2024年8月，我們剛剛在希臘雅典經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)極具破壞性的野火季節(jié))”可知，第一段主要列舉了發(fā)生極端火災(zāi)的國(guó)家或地區(qū)，所以是以舉例方式展開(kāi)的。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“‘At200squarekilometres,thisyear’sfiresinGreecearemuchsmallerthanthe900squarekilometresburnedlastfireseason,butitwouldcountasanextremefire,becauseofitsclosenesstoandpotentialdamagetopeople,’saidauthorDrJoeMcNorton.(DrJoeMcNorton說(shuō)：‘今年希臘的火災(zāi)面積為200平方公里，比上一個(gè)火災(zāi)季節(jié)燃燒的900平方公里小得多，但由于它靠近人們并可能對(duì)人們?cè)斐蓚Γ虼藢⒈灰暈闃O端火災(zāi)?！?”可知，希臘今年的火災(zāi)面積遠(yuǎn)小于上一火災(zāi)季的面積，但由于該火災(zāi)靠近人類居住區(qū)，并且可能對(duì)人們?cè)斐蓚?，帶?lái)了有害的影響，因此也算是極端火災(zāi)。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theyfindclimatechangeisthekeyfactor.Warmertemperaturesdryoutforests,whichmakeafiremorelikelytospread.Itcanalsocausemoreplantstogrow,whichprovidesmorefuel(燃料)forthefire.Humansalsoinfluencefires,likestartingthemthemselves,breakingupthelandscape,orhowwelltheyfightthem.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變化是關(guān)鍵因素。氣溫升高會(huì)使森林干涸，從而使火災(zāi)更有可能蔓延。它還可以導(dǎo)致更多的植物生長(zhǎng)，從而為火災(zāi)提供更多的燃料。人類也會(huì)影響火災(zāi)，比如自己生火、破壞景觀，或者他們撲滅火災(zāi)的程度)”可知，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候變暖是造成極端火災(zāi)數(shù)量增加的關(guān)鍵因素。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Totackletheproblem,leadersshouldconsiderprotectingforestboundaries,reducingtheamountofnaturalfuelfire,imposingfirebansonhigh-riskdays,andinvestingmoreinearlywarningpredictionsystems.(為了tackle這個(gè)問(wèn)題，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)該考慮保護(hù)森林邊界，減少天然燃料火災(zāi)的數(shù)量，在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的日子里實(shí)施防火令，并加大對(duì)預(yù)警預(yù)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的投資)”可知，采取上述這些措施都是為了處理極端火災(zāi)頻發(fā)的問(wèn)題，因此，tackle意為“處理”的意思。故選C項(xiàng)。DSpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteria(細(xì)菌)torepair18th-centurypaintings.Bosch,amicrobiologist,saidthatshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.Duringthisprocess,shediscoveredsomeoneelse’spaperthatsuggestedbacteriacanbeusedtorepairartworks.Ataroundthesametime,Boschlearnedthathermother,PilarRoig,wasstrugglingtofindagoodmethodforrepairing18th-centurypaintings.Thepaintings,bySpanishartistAntonioPalomino,satinSantosJuanes—oneoftheoldestchurchesinthecityofValencia.PilarRoignotedhowdifficulttherepairprocessatthechurchwas.Onereasonwastheglue(膠水)usedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.Thegluewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.“MymotherhadaverydifficultproblemtosolveandIfoundapaperaboutbacteriausedtocleanpaintingsonwallsinItaly,”Boschsaid.Boschaddedshedecidedtowriteherdoctoralpaperonthesamesubject.Today,shegetstoworkwithhermotheronthechurchrepair.Theyareusingthebacteriamethodtoremovegluefromartworks.The$4.46millionprojectisbeingfinancedbylocalorganizations.Torepair,theyfeedsmallamountsofthegluethatwasmadefromanimalcollagen(膠原蛋白)tothebacteria.Afteratime,thebacteriabegintonaturallyproduceenzymes(酶)tobreakdowntheglue.Themother-daughterteamthenmixesthebacteriawithanaturalalgae-basedsubstance,calledagel(凝膠),andplacesitontothepaintings.Afteraboutthreehours,thegelmixtureisremoved,leavingthepaintingsglue-free.Bosch’smother,now75,notedthatinthepast,peopleworkingonrepairingartworkshadtousetraditionalcleaningmethodsthattookhoursanddamagedthepainting.Boschisnowtrainingotherscientiststouseadifferentkindofbacteriatoclearwallsofpaintedgraffiti.12.HowdidBoschfindthewaytorepairoldpaintings?A.Hermotherinspiredher. B.Herdoctorinstructedher.C.Shetesteditoutbymanyexperiments. D.Shefounditwhenpreparingherpaper.13.Whatmadeitdifficulttorepairtheoldpaintings?A.Nothavingenoughmoney. B.Thehistoryofthechurches.C.Thegluethatwasonceused. D.Experienceofpastfailures.14.Whatisparagraph4centeredon?A.Theprocessofcleaningthepaintings.B.Thenecessityofrepa?ringthepaintings.C.Thechallengesfacingthemother-daughterteam.D.Thematerialsthatareusedtocleanthepaintings.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BacteriaRemovalProcessIsWidelyUsedinSpain.B.SpanishScientistUsesBacteriatoRepairArtworks.C.OldArtworksAreLikelytoBeRepairedwithBacteria.D.SpanishMother-DaughterTeamDiscoveredAPainting.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了西班牙科學(xué)家PilarBosch如何通過(guò)細(xì)菌來(lái)修復(fù)18世紀(jì)畫(huà)作。【12題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Bosch,amicrobiologist,saidthatshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.(Bosch是一名微生物學(xué)家，她說(shuō)，她在考慮寫(xiě)一篇博士論文的可能性時(shí)，想到了這種方法)”可知，Bosch在為她的博士論文準(zhǔn)備資料時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了關(guān)于用細(xì)菌修復(fù)藝術(shù)品的研究。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onereasonwastheglue(膠水)usedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.Thegluewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.(其中一個(gè)原因是20世紀(jì)60年代用來(lái)從墻上移除畫(huà)作的膠水。膠水幾乎不可能完全去除)”可知，，修復(fù)工作困難的原因之一是20世紀(jì)60年代使用的膠水很難完全去除。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Torepair,theyfeedsmallamountsofthegluethatwasmadefromanimalcollagen(膠原蛋白)tothebacteria.Afteratime,thebacteriabegintonaturallyproduceenzymes(酶)tobreakdowntheglue.Themother-daughterteamthenmixesthebacteriawithanaturalalgae-basedsubstance,calledagel(凝膠),andplacesitontothepaintings.Afteraboutthreehours,thegelmixtureisremoved,leavingthepaintingsglue-free.(為了修復(fù)，他們將少量由動(dòng)物膠原蛋白制成的膠水喂給細(xì)菌。一段時(shí)間后，細(xì)菌開(kāi)始自然地產(chǎn)生酶來(lái)分解膠水。然后，這對(duì)母女團(tuán)隊(duì)將細(xì)菌與一種稱為凝膠的天然藻類物質(zhì)混合，并將其放置在畫(huà)作上。大約三小時(shí)后，除去凝膠混合物，使畫(huà)作無(wú)膠)”可知，第四段詳細(xì)描述了使用細(xì)菌清洗繪畫(huà)的過(guò)程。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“SpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteria(細(xì)菌)torepair18th-centurypaintings.(西班牙科學(xué)PilarBosch發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種利用細(xì)菌修復(fù)18世紀(jì)畫(huà)作的方法)”可知，文章主要介紹了西班牙科學(xué)家PilarBosch如何通過(guò)細(xì)菌來(lái)修復(fù)18世紀(jì)畫(huà)作，所以題目“西班牙科學(xué)家用細(xì)菌修復(fù)藝術(shù)品”與本文的主題吻合，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Runningmistakescanhappentoeveryoneatsomepointduringtrainingandracing,andtheywillleadtoinjuries.___16___.WearingthewrongshoesWearingacomfortablepairofrunningshoesisagood,startingpoint.Thewrongtypeofrunningshoescanruinyourworkoutplan.Ifyouhaveahistoryofrunninginjuries,thereisnoeasyanswerwithoutatrainedprofessionalwatchingthewayyourunandmakingarecommendationtoyou.___17___.Doingtoomuch,toosoon___18___.Theygetsoexcitedabouttheirrunningthattheydotoomuchmileage(英里里程)andtoofast,toosoon,withouttakinganytimeofftorestandrecover.Asaresult,theydevelopcommonoveruserunninginjuries.Runlessoften,forshortertimes,andataslowerpacethanyouthinkyoushould,especiallyearlyoninyourdevelopment.Takingoverlylongstrides(大步)Somerunnersthinkthatalongerstridewillimprovetheirspeedorrunningefficiency,butthat’snotthecase.Overstridingwastesenergysinceitmeansyou’rebreakingwitheachfootfall.Makesurethatyoudon’tlungeforwardwithyourfeetandyourfeetaredirectlyunderneathyourbodywitheverystep.___19___.Ashort,lowarmswingisthekeytokeepingyourstrideshortandclosetotheground.___20___Somerunnersswingtheirarmsside-to-side,whichmakesthemmorelikelytonotbreatheasefficiently.Somebeginnersareeasytoholdtheirhandswayupbytheirchest,especiallyastheygettired.You’llactuallyfeelmoretiredinyourshouldersandneckbyholdingyourarmsthatway.Trytokeepyourhandsatwaistlevel,rightaboutwheretheymightlightlybrushyourhip.A.LandinglikearockB.HavingbadupperbodyformC.ThisisespeciallyimportantwhenrunningdownhillD.YoucanchoosetherightshoesinadvancetostartthatraceE.Therefore,it’simportanttoknowwhattheyareandhowyoucanfixthemF.Ifpossible,thebestchoiceistocreateuniqueshoesjustsuitableforyourfeetG.Manynewrunnersmistakenlythinkthatmoreisbetterwhenitcomestorunning【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.A20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明了跑步中常犯錯(cuò)誤及如何避免。【16題】根據(jù)上文“Runningmistakescanhappentoeveryoneatsomepointduringtrainingandracing,andtheywillleadtoinjuries.(每個(gè)人在訓(xùn)練和比賽過(guò)程中都會(huì)出現(xiàn)跑步錯(cuò)誤，并且會(huì)導(dǎo)致受傷。)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，指出了解跑步錯(cuò)誤的重要性。故E選項(xiàng)“因此，了解它們是什么以及如何解決它們是很重要的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。【17題】根據(jù)上文“Wearingacomfortablepairofrunningshoesisagood,startingpoint.Thewrongtypeofrunningshoescanruinyourworkoutplan.Ifyouhaveahistoryofrunninginjuries,thereisnoeasyanswerwithoutatrainedprofessionalwatchingthewayyourunandmakingarecommendationtoyou.(穿一雙舒適的跑鞋是一個(gè)好的開(kāi)始。不合適的跑鞋會(huì)毀了你的鍛煉計(jì)劃。如果你有跑步受傷的歷史，沒(méi)有訓(xùn)練有素的專業(yè)人士觀察你跑步的方式并向你提出建議，沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的答案。)”可知，上文提到需要專業(yè)人士推薦合適的跑鞋，說(shuō)明要選擇適合自己腳的鞋子。故F選項(xiàng)“如果可能的話，最好的選擇是制作適合你腳的獨(dú)特鞋子”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?8題】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Doingtoomuch,toosoon(做得太多，太快)”以及后文“Theygetsoexcitedabouttheirrunningthattheydotoomuchmileage(英里里程)andtoofast,toosoon,withouttakinganytimeofftorestandrecover.Asaresult,theydevelopcommonoveruserunninginjuries.Runlessoften,forshortertimes,andataslowerpacethanyouthinkyoushould,especiallyearlyoninyourdevelopment.(他們對(duì)跑步太過(guò)興奮，以至于跑了太多的里程，跑得太快，太快，沒(méi)有任何休息和恢復(fù)的時(shí)間。結(jié)果，他們產(chǎn)生了常見(jiàn)的過(guò)度使用跑步損傷。跑步的次數(shù)要少，時(shí)間要短，速度要比你認(rèn)為的要慢，尤其是在開(kāi)發(fā)的早期。)”可知，本段說(shuō)明了許多新跑者會(huì)犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，即一開(kāi)始就跑得太多太快，故G選項(xiàng)“很多跑步新手錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為跑步越多越好”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?9題】根據(jù)上文“Makesurethatyoudon’tlungeforwardwithyourfeetandyourfeetaredirectlyunderneathyourbodywitheverystep.(確保你的腳不要向前沖，每一步你的腳都在你身體的正下方。)”以及后文“Ashort,lowarmswingisthekeytokeepingyourstrideshortandclosetotheground.(一個(gè)短而低的手臂擺動(dòng)是保持你的步幅短和接近地面的關(guān)鍵。)”可知，上文強(qiáng)調(diào)跑步時(shí)的著地方式，本句需要呼應(yīng)前文，同時(shí)引出下文對(duì)正確跑步姿勢(shì)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，故A選項(xiàng)“像石頭一樣落地”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Somerunnersswingtheirarmsside-to-side,whichmakesthemmorelikelytonotbreatheasefficiently.Somebeginnersareeasytoholdtheirhandswayupbytheirchest,especiallyastheygettired.You’llactuallyfeelmoretiredinyourshouldersandneckbyholdingyourarmsthatway.Trytokeepyourhandsatwaistlevel,rightaboutwheretheymightlightlybrushyourhip.(一些跑步者左右擺動(dòng)手臂，這使他們更有可能不能有效地呼吸。一些初學(xué)者很容易把手舉到胸部，尤其是當(dāng)他們累了的時(shí)候。這樣抱胳膊，你的肩膀和脖子會(huì)感覺(jué)更累。試著把你的手放在腰的水平，就在它們可能輕輕擦過(guò)你臀部的地方。)”可知，這一段主要講述的是跑步時(shí)上半身姿勢(shì)不正確的問(wèn)題，包括手臂的擺動(dòng)和手的位置等，故B選項(xiàng)“上半身姿勢(shì)不正確”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。JohnnyWardwantedtobefree.Hehadthoughtthefreesthecouldbewastovisitevery___21___.Ithadbeenahugegoaloveradecade.However,oncehe___22___tofinishthat,hewasabitlost.Hestartedeatingbadly,drinkingtoomuchandgaining___23___,andheignoredhisbusiness.Wardthoughtthatthebestwaytostopthiswasto___24___himselfagain.Wardsethissightsonanother___25___achievement,TheExplorer’sGrandSlam.Tomakeit,___26___mustbothvisittheNorthandSouthPolesandclimbthehighestsummitonallsevencontinents.WhenWardrealizedthe___27___ofbecomingthefirstpersontobothvisiteverycountryandcompleteTheExplorer’sGrandSlam,heimmediatelydecidedto___28___it.Hespentsevenyearsclimbingtowardshisgoal.AccordingtoWard,themost___29___aspectofthesechallengeswasn’tnecessarilytrainingorfitness,buthavingthemoneytotakethemon.To___30___histravels,hetaughtEnglishinThailandandRepublicofKorea,workedinAustraliaandevensignedupformedicalresearch.Throughouthisjourney,helaunchedOneStep4Ward,ablogthat___31___histravel,whichearnedhimconsiderablefame.Wardisgoingtostartawebsiteto___32___othersnowaftercompletingTheUltimateExplorersGrandSlam,and___33___,hewon’tbetheonlyoneforlong.Wardsaid,“Anyonehastheabilitytoturntheir___34___intoreality.Allrewards(回報(bào))follow___35___,andIwanttoexpressthatmessagetoothers.”21.A.town B.city C.country D.village22.A.managed B.failed C.promised D.tried23.A.honor B.weight C.support D.power24.A.contact B.calm C.enjoy D.challenge25.A.imaginable B.unbelievable C.mistaken D.reasonable26.A.scientists B.guides C.adventurers D.locals27.A.possibility B.problem C.duty D.cause28.A.giveaway B.gofor C.checkup D.takeon29.A.attractive B.unique C.official D.difficult30.A.shorten B.plan C.afford D.recognize31.A.affected B.divided C.shared D.canceled32.A.encourage B.impress C.cheat D.compare33.A.importantly B.finally C.surely D.hopefully34.A.dream B.balance C.excuse D.task35.A.words B.hardships C.injuries D.debates【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.C27.A28.B29.D30.C31.C32.A33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了JohnnyWard追求自由、挑戰(zhàn)自我、實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的故事，通過(guò)他的經(jīng)歷和感悟，鼓勵(lì)人們勇敢追求夢(mèng)想并面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。【21題】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他原以為最自由的方式就是走遍每一個(gè)國(guó)家。A.town城鎮(zhèn)；B.city城市；C.country國(guó)家；D.village村莊。根據(jù)后文“WhenWardrealizedthe7ofbecomingthefirstpersontobothvisiteverycountryandcompleteTheExplorer’sGrandSlam”可知，他走遍每一個(gè)國(guó)家。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一旦他設(shè)法完成，他有點(diǎn)迷失了。A.managed設(shè)法做到；B.failed失?。籆.promised承諾；D.tried嘗試。根據(jù)后文“Wardsethissightsonanother5achievement,TheExplorer’sGrandSlam.”可知，Ward把目光投向了另一項(xiàng)成就，所以此處應(yīng)是完成了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他開(kāi)始吃得不好，喝得太多，體重增加，他忽略了自己的生意。A.honor榮譽(yù)；B.weight重量；C.support支持；D.power力量。根據(jù)前文“Hestartedeatingbadly,drinkingtoomuch”可知，他開(kāi)始吃得不好，喝得太多，結(jié)合常識(shí)，應(yīng)是體重增加。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Ward認(rèn)為阻止這一切的最好辦法就是再次挑戰(zhàn)自己。A.contact聯(lián)系；B.calm使平靜；C.enjoy享受；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“Wardsethissightsonanother5achievement,TheExplorer’sGrandSlam.”可知，Ward把目光投向了另一個(gè)令人難以置信的成就，所以是再次挑戰(zhàn)自己。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Ward把目光投向了另一個(gè)令人難以置信的成就，探險(xiǎn)家的大滿貫。A.imaginable可想象的；B.unbelievable難以置信的；C.mistaken錯(cuò)誤的；D.reasonable合理的。根據(jù)后文“Tomakeit,6mustbothvisittheNorthandSouthPolesandclimbthehighestsummitonallsevencontinents.”可知，必須訪問(wèn)北極和南極，并登上所有七大洲的最高峰，這些是難以置信的成就。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)，冒險(xiǎn)家們必須訪問(wèn)北極和南極，并登上所有七大洲的最高峰。A.scientists科學(xué)家；B.guides導(dǎo)游；C.adventurers冒險(xiǎn)家；D.locals當(dāng)?shù)厝?。根?jù)前文“TheExplorer’sGrandSlam”可知，這是探險(xiǎn)家的大滿貫，所以應(yīng)是要求冒險(xiǎn)家們必須訪問(wèn)北極和南極，并登上所有七大洲的最高峰。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Ward意識(shí)到有可能成為第一個(gè)既走遍每個(gè)國(guó)家又完成探險(xiǎn)家大滿貫的人時(shí)，他立即決定去做。A.possibility可能性；B.problem問(wèn)題；C.duty職責(zé)；D.cause原因。根據(jù)后文“becomingthefirstpersontobothvisiteverycountryandcompleteTheExplorer’sGrandSlam”結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)是“有可能成為第一個(gè)既走遍每個(gè)國(guó)家又完成探險(xiǎn)家大滿貫的人”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)Ward意識(shí)到有可能成為第一個(gè)既走遍每個(gè)國(guó)家又完成探險(xiǎn)家大滿貫的人時(shí)，他立即決定去做。A.giveaway贈(zèng)送；B.gofor盡力爭(zhēng)取；C.checkup檢查；D.takeon承擔(dān)。根據(jù)前文“WhenWardrealizedthe7ofbecomingthefirstpersontobothvisiteverycountryandcompleteTheExplorer’sGrandSlam”可知，Ward意識(shí)到有可能成為第一個(gè)既走遍每個(gè)國(guó)家又完成探險(xiǎn)家大滿貫的人，所以應(yīng)是立即決定去做。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)Ward的說(shuō)法，這些挑戰(zhàn)中最困難的方面不一定是訓(xùn)練或健身，而是有錢去做。A.attractive吸引人的；B.unique獨(dú)特的；C.official官方的；D.difficult困難的。根據(jù)后文“thesechallengeswasn’tnecessarilytrainingorfitness,buthavingthemoneytotakethemon”可知，挑戰(zhàn)應(yīng)該是困難的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了支付旅行費(fèi)用，他在泰國(guó)和韓國(guó)教英語(yǔ)，在澳大利亞工作，甚至報(bào)名參加醫(yī)學(xué)研究。A.shorten縮短；B.plan計(jì)劃；C.afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起；D.reco