英語語法之名詞專項練習(xí)

英語語法之名詞專項練習(xí)二.知識歸納、分析與總結(jié)1.名詞的定義名詞是表示人,事物,地點或抽象概念的名稱。例如：worker工人desk桌子hospital醫(yī)院time時間honesty誠實2.名詞的分類名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞普通名詞：表示某些人,某類事物,某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。例如：teacher老師tea茶reform改革專有名詞：表示具體的人,事物,地點或機構(gòu)的專有名稱。China中國Asia亞洲Beijing北京名詞又可分為可數(shù)名詞（CountableNouns）和不可數(shù)名詞（UncountableNouns）。可數(shù)名詞有單,復(fù)數(shù)之分,表示一個或多個。abook一本書twobooks兩本書不可數(shù)名詞：不分單,復(fù)數(shù)；抽象名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和專有名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞。sand沙sugar糖有少數(shù)名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞,但含義不同。glass玻璃glass玻璃杯paper紙paper報紙,文件3.名詞的功能名詞在句中作主語,賓語,介詞賓語,賓語補助語,表語以及名詞短語作狀語。Thebagisinthedesk.bag作主語。書包在桌子里邊。Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.clothes作賓語。昨天我洗了我的衣服。Thisisagoodbook.book作表語。這是一本好書。Weelectedhimourmonitor.monitor作賓語補助語。我們選他為我們的班長。Maryliveswithherparents.parents作介詞賓語?，旣惡退母改赣H住在一起。HeisaPartymember.Party作定語.他是一名黨員。Theystudyharddayandnight.dayandnight作狀語。他們不分白天黑夜地學(xué)習(xí)。4.名詞的數(shù)英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,表示一個人或事物用單數(shù)形式,表示一個以上的人或事物用復(fù)數(shù)形式。abook一本書twobooks兩本書abag一個包threebags三個包名詞的單數(shù)形式就是詞典上所出現(xiàn)的形式,沒有變化,如：apen,abed,aroom,anEnglishbook。名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,多數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式在其單數(shù)形式后面加—s或—es構(gòu)成,名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變化如下。構(gòu)成讀音例詞一般情況下,在詞尾加—s.1.在清輔音后讀/s/.2.在濁輔音、元音后讀/z/.1.maps/s/desks/s/2.days/z/dogs/z/以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞后面加—es+es讀/iz/class—classes/siz/box—boxes/siz/brush—brushes/iz/watch—watches/tiz/以e結(jié)尾的名詞后面加—s+s讀/iz/houses/ziz/horses/ziz/以—f或—fe結(jié)尾的名詞,把—f或—fe變成—ves—ves讀/vz/bookshelves/vz/wives/vz/knives/vz/以輔音+y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es—ies讀/iz/cities/iz/babies/iz/factories/iz/以輔音+o結(jié)尾的名詞,加—es,—s讀/z/heroes/z/potatoes/z/tomatoes/z/注：極少數(shù)名詞雖然以—o或者—f結(jié)尾,變成復(fù)數(shù)則只加—s,為數(shù)不多,如radios,pianos,photos,roofs等。英語中有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,需要一一記憶，常見的有，man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice,ox—oxen,sheep—sheep,dear—dear,fish–fish英語中有些名詞總是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。scissors剪刀goods貨物trousers褲子clothes衣服glasses玻璃杯people人police警察stockings長褲socks短襪boots靴子

5.名詞的格在英語中,名詞的格有三個,主格,賓格和所有格。它們的形式及其變化表示與其他詞的關(guān)系。實際上,主格和賓格通過它在句中的作用和位置來確定。Thebirdisinthetree.鳥在樹上。bird作主語,是主格。Isawafilmyesterday.昨天我看了一場電影。film作賓語,是賓格。名詞的所有格：名詞中表示所有關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞所有格。LuXun’sbookisworthreading.魯迅的書值得一讀。Thisismyfather’sroom.這是我父親的房間。以—s或—es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格只在名詞后加“’”。Therearemanystudents’exercisebookshere.這兒有許多學(xué)生的練習(xí)本。復(fù)合名詞的所有格“’s”加在后面的名詞之后。Thisismyson—in—law’sbike.這是我女婿的自行車。如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有,則只在后一個名詞后加"’s"。WevisitedXiaoLiandXiaoZhang’sroom.我們參觀了小李和小張的房間。名詞所有格所修飾的詞,有時可以省略。如前文已經(jīng)提到,或者指地點。Thebookisnotmine,butLiHua’s.這本書不是我的，是李華的。Ihadmyhaircutinthebarber’s.我在理發(fā)店理發(fā)了。表示無生命東西的名詞所有格,一般與of構(gòu)成短語表示前者屬于后者。It’samapofChina.它是一幅中國地圖。BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中國的首都。【典型例題】1.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potatoe答案：C句意：我們需要更多的土豆。你能帶過來一些嗎？解析：potato土豆是可數(shù)名詞。因為有some修飾所以potato要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。以輔音+o結(jié)尾的名詞后面要+es。所以C.potatoes是正確答案。2.Whatbig____thetigerhas!A.tooth B.teeth C.tooths D.toothes答案：B句意：老虎長著多么大、多么鋒利的牙齒呀！解析：牙齒tooth的復(fù)數(shù)形式是teeth3.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.A.leafs B.leaves C.leaf D.leave答案：B句意：請記得喂馬一些樹葉。解析：樹葉leaf是以f結(jié)尾的，所以它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是變f為v，再加es4.—Canwehavesome___?—Yes,please.A.banana B.oranges C.apple D.pear答案：B句意：—能給我們一些橘子嗎？—好的。解析：some修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)。四個選項中只有B.oranges是復(fù)數(shù)。5.Onthetabletherearefive____.A.tomatos B.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoes D.tomato答案：C句意：桌子上有五個西紅柿。解析：tomato,輔音+o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)后面要加es【模擬試題】（答題時間：60分鐘）一.單項選擇1.Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.A.ideas B.photos C.information D.stories2.Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvices B.someadviceC.anadvice D.aadvice3.Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.A.somenews B.anews C.thenews D.news4.What___lovelyweatheritis!A./ B.the C.an D.a5.—Wouldyoulike___tea?—No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.A.any,bottlesoforange B.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforanges D.few,bottleoforanges6.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreads B.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbread D.twopiecesofbreads7.Itreallytookhim：___todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimes B.hour C.longtime D.sometime8.Iwouldliketohave___.A.twoglassesofmilk B.twoglassofmilkC.twoglassesofmilks D.twoglassofmilks9.Canyougiveme____?A.atea B.somecupoftea C.acuptea D.acupoftea10.Pleasegiveme___paper.A.one B.apiece C.a D.apieceof11.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoes B.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoes D.twopairsshoes12.—Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?—I’vegotfive.A.sheeps B.sheep C.pig D.chicken13.Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.A.Germans B.Germen C.Germany D.Germanies14.Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo____.A.sheep;foxes C.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;fox D.sheep;foxs15.Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.Hungarian B.Australian C.Japanese D.American16.Thistableismadeof___.A.manyglass B.glasses C.someglasses D.glass17.—Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?—I’dlike____.A.chicken B.achicken C.chickens D.thechicken18.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.A.room B.aroom C.rooms D.theroom19.Tablesaremadeof___.A.wood B.somewoods C.wooden D.woods20.Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.A.people B.peoples C.thepeople D.thepeoples21.Ihaveread____oftheyoungwriter.A.works B.work C.thisworks D.theworks22.Let’smeetat7：30outsidethegateof___?A.thePeople’sPark B.thePeoples’ParkC.thePeoplePark D.People’sPark23.___Chinesepeopleare___hardworkingpeople.A./;a B.We;the C.The;the D.The;a24.Howmany____werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?A.policeman B.polices C.police D.peoples25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.A.set B.one C.piece D.pair26.LastweekIboughtaTV____.A.pair B.set C.piece D.block27.Thereisa____ofwoodleftontheground.A.cup B.piece C.box D.pair28.Therearesixty—seven___inourschool.A.women’steacher B.womenteachersC.womanteachers D.womenteacher29.Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriver B.womendriverC.womandrivers D.womendrivers30.These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.A.womendoctor B.womendoctorsC.womandoctors D.womandoctor31.Theywritemostoftheir.___inEnglish.A.businessletter B.businesslettersC.businesses D.businessesletters32.Wecametoa___atlastandwentin.A.watchshop B.watchesshopC.watchingshop D.watchsshop33.Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It’sa___A.foodshop B.bookshop C.fruitshop D.vegetableshop34.Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.A.glassofwine B.glassforwineC.glasswine D.wineglass35.I’veforgottenbothofthe____.A.roomnumbers B.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbers D.roomnumber36.September10this____inChina.A.Teacher’sDay B.Teachers’DayC.TeacherDay D.TeachersDay37.—Isthebroomunder____desk?—No,it’sunder____,.A.theteacher’s;my B.teacher’s;mineC.teacher’s;me D.theteacher’s;mine38.Excuseme,whereisthe___?A.men’sroom B.mens’room C.men’srooms D.menrooms39.Thefootballunderthebedis____.A.LilyandLucy B.Lily’sandLucy’sC.Lily’sandLucy D.LilyandLucy’s40Thisismy____dictionary.A.sisterMary B.sister’sC.sisterMary’s D.sister’sMary’s41.Hewentto___shoptobuyashirt.A.atailor B.thetailor C.atailors D.thetailors’42.Joanis____.A.Mary’sandJacksister B.MaryandJack’ssisterC.MaryandJacksister D.Mary’sandJack’ssister二.完形填空Adriverwasgoingbycarthroughacountry.Hesawadog1aman.Asthecarcamenearthem,2dogsuddenlystartedtocrosstheroad.Thepooranimalwas3andkilled.Thedriver4hiscarandwalkedtowardstheman.“I’mvery5thatthishappened.”hesaid,“Willfivepoundsbeenough?”“Oh6,”saidtheman.“Fivepoundswill7,”Themanputthemoneyinhispocket,andasthecarhad8,helookeddownatthe9animalandthought.“Iwonder10dogitwas.”1.A.after B.behind C.back D.between2.A.the B.a C.an D.some3.A.taken B.caught C.hit D.followed4.A.started B.stopped C.pulled D.cleaned5.A.glad B.afraid C.sorry D.happy6.A.yes B.no C.not D.yet7.A.beenough B.belost C.bereturned D.notbeenough8.A.repaired B.arrived C.came D.gone9.A.dead B.die C.death D.dying10.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which三.閱讀理解Agoodreaderislikeadriververymuch.Hemustchangehisreadingspeedtofithispurposeandmaterialheisreading,justasadriverdoesfittheroadsituation.Agoodreadermaybeabletoreadathousandwordsperminute（WPM）,buthewon’tusethespeedforeverythinghereads.Agoodreaderdoingresearchreadinginthelibrarymayreadatthespeedof1,000wordsperminuteashelooksformaterialforareport.Butoncehefindsomethingthatisusefultohim,hemayneedtoslowdownto100WPM.Agoodreadermayreadnewspaperandmagazinearticleat600WPM.Butitmaytakehim150WPMtoreadhisscienceormathstext.Justasadriverhasawidechangeofspeed,sohasagoodreader.1.Accordingtothewriter,goodreadercan.A.readat1,000WPMB.oftengotothelibraryC.spendmoretimereadingD.changethespeedasneeded2.Thepassagetellsusthatthespeedofreadingdependson.a.thememberofbooks b.thepurposeofreadingc.thetimewhenyouarereadingd.thematerialthatyouarereading e.theplacewhereyouarereadingA.aandbB.b,canddC.banddD.a,dande3.Agoodreadermayusehighestspeedofreadingwhen.A.hereadsnewspaperandmagazineB.hereadsthematerialmostusefultohimC.heistryingtoworkoutamathproblemD.heistryingtofindmaterialforhisreport4.Thepassagesuggests（暗示）thatagooddrivershould.A.beabletodriveatahighspeedB.begoodatchangingdrivingspeedC.beabletodriveinallkindsofweatherD.begoodatdrivingonacountryroad5.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.thebestwayoffastreadingB.thedifferencebetweendrivingandreadingC.theimportanceofhavingdifferentreadingspeedD.therelationbetweenreadinganddrivingspeed四.句型轉(zhuǎn)換及完成句子1.Hisworkisalmostfinished.Hisworkisfinished.2.Becausetherewasnorainforthreemonths,allthecropsnearlydied.Astheofforthreemonthsallthecropsnearlydied.3.Wecanseemanytreesoneachsideofthestreets.Manytreescanonsidesofthestreet.4.PleasetellmewhereIcanfindhim.Pleasetellmewhere.5.大米需要在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r候收割。Riceshould.6.惟一的問題是你沒有足夠的錢。thatyoudon’thaveenoughmoney.7.所以土壤不會被輕易的沖走。Sothesoil.8.我洗好了襯衣以便第二天穿。