英譯漢-翻譯技巧之重復(fù)法連淑能英譯漢教程

重復(fù)法repetition翻譯技巧2013-4-23第八講grammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2024/11/52repetitiongrammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2024/11/53repetitiongrammaticalrepetition語(yǔ)法性重復(fù)Clarityismoreimportantthanconciseness.Thebitterestenemiesofclarityareobscurityandambiguity.Obscurityiscuredbylogicalarrangementofwordsinaccordancewithgoodusage,whileambiguitymayberemediedbyskillfulrepetition.2024/11/54重復(fù)被修飾語(yǔ)Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.我們來(lái)修改安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。Theuseofatomicweaponsisaclearviolation

ofinternationallaw,inparticularoftheGenevaConvention.使用原子武器顯然違反國(guó)際法，特別是違反日內(nèi)瓦公約。Iverymuchadmireyourdetermination

tostrengthenChina’seconomyandtoensurethatthefruitsthereofareenjoyedbythemasseswhoupholdChina’ssocialistconstruction.我非常欽佩你們決心增強(qiáng)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，并且決心保證使從事社會(huì)主義建設(shè)的人民群眾能夠享受經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的成果。2024/11/55grammaticalrepetition重復(fù)修飾語(yǔ)IidentifymyselfasoneofcriticalloversandlovingcriticsoftheUnitedNations.我自認(rèn)為我既是一個(gè)批評(píng)聯(lián)合國(guó)的愛(ài)護(hù)者，又是一個(gè)愛(ài)護(hù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的批評(píng)者。Weneedmaterialswhichcanbearhigh

temperatureandpressure.我們需要能耐高溫和耐高壓的材料。Undersuitableconditionswecanproduceenergyintheelectricalformbytheconversionofheat,mechanicalandotherformsofenergy.在適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下，我們能把熱能、機(jī)械能、以及其他形式的能轉(zhuǎn)化成電能。2024/11/56grammaticalrepetition重復(fù)幾個(gè)賓語(yǔ)所共有的動(dòng)詞或幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞所共有的賓語(yǔ)Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我們要分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題。Wehavecomeheretoexpress

ourgratitudeandthefriendship,completesolidarityandcomradeship-in-armsthatuniteourtwopeoples.我們來(lái)這里是為了表達(dá)我們的感激之情，也是為了表達(dá)聯(lián)結(jié)我們兩國(guó)人民的友誼、完全的團(tuán)結(jié)和同志般的戰(zhàn)斗情誼。2024/11/57grammaticalrepetition重復(fù)幾個(gè)賓語(yǔ)所共有的介詞Despite

hisversatilityoftalentandshiftinessofpurpose,thismanhasinhiswholelifetimebeenweddedtothemostfossilizedroutine.盡管他有隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的本領(lǐng)，盡管他的主張反復(fù)無(wú)常，但是他終生都是極端墨守成規(guī)的。Thesolidfriendshipbetweenourtwocountriestookshapeduringourprotractedstrugglesagainst

colonialism,hegemonism,andoutmodedrelationships.我們兩國(guó)之間的牢固友誼是在我們反對(duì)殖民主義、反對(duì)霸權(quán)主義和反對(duì)舊式關(guān)系的持久斗爭(zhēng)中形成的。2024/11/58grammaticalrepetition重復(fù)被省略或被替代的動(dòng)詞Youcandoitverywell,ifyoucareto.如果你愿意做這件事，你可以做得很好。Inanycaseworkdoesnotincludetime,butpowerdoes.在任何情況下，功不包括時(shí)間，但功率卻包括時(shí)間。Readingexercises

one’seyes;speaking,one’stongue;whilewriting,one’smind.閱讀訓(xùn)練人的眼睛，說(shuō)話訓(xùn)練人的口齒，寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練人的思維。2024/11/59grammaticalrepetition重復(fù)代詞所代替的名詞Waterevaporatesmorerapidlywhenthetemperatureishighthanwhenit

islow.溫度高，水蒸發(fā)得快；溫度低，水蒸發(fā)得慢。TranslationfromEnglishintoChineseisnotaseasyasthat

fromEnglishtoFrench.英譯漢不如英譯法容易。Achemicalchangeisone

inwhichthestructureofparticlesischangedandanewsubstanceisformed.化學(xué)變化是改變粒子結(jié)構(gòu)、形成新物質(zhì)的一種變化。2024/11/510grammaticalrepetition重復(fù)名詞或動(dòng)詞，以代替英語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞或連接詞Radarisanewlydevelopedtechniquebywhich

peoplecanseethethingsbeyondthevisibilityofthem.雷達(dá)是一種新開(kāi)發(fā)的技術(shù)，利用雷達(dá)人們能看到視線以外的東西。Wehaveadvocatedtheprincipleofpeacefulco-existence,which

isnowgrowingmoreandmorepopularamongthenationsofAsiaandAfrica.我們提倡和平共處的原則，這個(gè)原則目前在亞非各國(guó)越來(lái)越得人心了。Peace-lovingpeoplecanonlywishthat

thevictoryinelectionbeutilizedandconsolidated,andthat

astablegovernmentbeformedinthatcountry.愛(ài)好和平的人只希望這次選舉的勝利能得到利用，并加以鞏固，也希望該國(guó)能建立一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的政府。2024/11/511grammaticalrepetition重復(fù)下義詞，代替上義詞Anelectrontubeisgenerallyusedforamplification,andvacuumtubeisanothernameforthisdevice.電子管通常用來(lái)放大，而真空管則是電子管的另一名稱(chēng)。OnJuly14,1965,MarinerIVpassedwithin6,000milesofMarsandtransmittedbacktotheearth21picturesofthesurfaceofthatplanet.1965年7月14日，“海員四號(hào)”從離火星不到6000英里處經(jīng)過(guò)，把21張火星表面的照片傳回了地球。Themonkey’smostextraordinaryaccomplishmentwaslearningtooperateatractor.Bytheageofnine,themonkeyhadlearnedtosoloonthevehicle.這只猴子最了不起的技能是學(xué)會(huì)駕駛拖拉機(jī)。到了九歲的時(shí)候，這只猴子已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)單獨(dú)表演駕駛拖拉機(jī)了。2024/11/512egrammaticalrepetitiongrammaticalrepetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition2024/11/513repetitionrhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition修辭性重疊和重復(fù)ItisoneofthepeculiaritiesofChinesetoreduplicatecharactersorwordsinword-formationandtorepeatthesimilarwordorexpressioninadiscourseforexpressiveness

andparallelism.Thisdevice,rhetoricalorgrammatical,canrendertranslationsmoreappealingtoChinesereader.2024/11/514重疊字或詞名詞重疊，表示“每個(gè)”、“所有”、“許多”、“小”、“雜”或某種感情色彩等AA:人人、天天、年年、事事AABB:男男女女、世世代代、風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨、日日夜夜數(shù)量詞重疊，表示“每個(gè)”、“逐個(gè)”、“許多”或某種感情色彩BB:個(gè)個(gè)、件件、條條、篇篇、層層ABB:一塊塊、一滴滴、一朵朵ABAB:一次一次、一步一步、一顆一顆AABB:千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)、三三兩兩2024/11/515rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition動(dòng)詞重疊，表示動(dòng)作的輕微、反復(fù)、完成、連續(xù)、輕松、隨便等AA:說(shuō)說(shuō)、聽(tīng)聽(tīng)、想想、試試、歇歇A一/了A:走一走、搖一搖、笑了笑、看了看ABAB:考慮考慮、收拾收拾、整理整理、休息休息AABB:進(jìn)進(jìn)出出、搖搖晃晃、吞吞吐吐、吵吵嚷嚷A著A著/A了A了:聽(tīng)著聽(tīng)著、看著看著、老了老了、完了完了2024/11/516rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition形容詞重疊，表示程度的加重、加深、加強(qiáng)、減輕或喜愛(ài)、厭惡等情緒AA:高高、厚厚、小小、長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)、細(xì)細(xì)A一/了A:走一走、搖一搖、笑了笑、看了看AABB:干干凈凈、花花綠綠、歪歪斜斜ABAB:筆直筆直、通紅通紅、雪白雪白、嶄新嶄新2024/11/517rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition附加式重疊，主要用來(lái)使表達(dá)形象、生動(dòng)、活潑，其格式尤其豐富多彩AAX:毛毛雨、呱呱叫、團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)、步步高、蒙蒙亮XAA:水汪汪、羞答答、笑瞇瞇、亮晶晶、白茫茫AAXY:花花世界、心心相印、娓娓動(dòng)聽(tīng)、歷歷在目、脈脈含情XYAA:衣冠楚楚、憂心忡忡、楊柳依依、風(fēng)雨瀟瀟A里AB:羅哩羅嗦、糊里糊涂、古里古怪、慌里慌張2024/11/518rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition偏正并列式、動(dòng)賓并列式、主謂并列式及其他形式的重疊ABAC:難兄難弟、繪聲繪色、沒(méi)大沒(méi)小、所作所為ABCB:以毒攻毒、愛(ài)理不理、好說(shuō)歹說(shuō)、一拖再拖ABA:面對(duì)面、心連心、手拉手、肩并肩、背靠背象聲詞重疊，形式多種多樣。這類(lèi)詞有很大的可創(chuàng)性，有的純粹摹擬聲音，有的表示聲音的一個(gè)自然段落，有的表示聲音的連續(xù)或重復(fù)，有的表示聲音的雜亂。嘩嘩、嗡嗡、呼呼、嗚嗚、喃喃、咕咕、轟隆隆、叮叮當(dāng)當(dāng)、噼噼啪啪、嘩啦嘩啦、咕嘟咕嘟2024/11/519rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionOnlyaveryslight

andveryscattering

ripplesofhalf-hearted

hand-clappinggreetedhim.歡迎他的只有幾下輕輕的、零零落落的、冷冷淡淡的掌聲。Therewereonlyhalfadozenlinesinhermother’sneatfeaturelesswriting,aManhattanpublicschoolscript.她母親用曼哈頓公立學(xué)校慣用的普普通通的字體，整整齊齊地寫(xiě)下了五六行的信。Ontheothersideofthetorpedoshop,largefiresalsoroared

andcrackled,fannedbyaseawind.魚(yú)雷工廠另一邊，海風(fēng)吹著大火，燒得轟轟隆隆、劈劈啪啪直響。2024/11/520rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionTherewereplatters

ofsmokingsausagesandsauerkraut,thereweremanywhole

pinkhams,thereweremounds

ofboiledpotatoes,piles

offriedchicken,stacked

loavesoffreshbread,pitchers

ofbeer,immensewhole

yellowandorangecheeses.桌上擺滿了一大盤(pán)一大盤(pán)的熏香腸和酸白菜，整塊整塊粉紅的火腿，一堆堆煮熟的馬鈴薯和油炸子雞，一摞摞新鮮的面包，大壺大壺的啤酒，許多整塊整塊的黃色和橘紅色干酪。2024/11/521rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionShedroppedhervoice,andlookedsosadandpiteous.Attheexpirationofthattime,wheelswereheardwhirling

uptothegate.Hewalkeddownthelineshakinghandswitheach

andmumbling

afewwordsthatwereinaudible.Huge,rivenandblazing

wrecksthatonlyminutesbeforehadbeenmajestic

aircraftcarrierssettledintotheglittering

Pacific.Exercise:2024/11/522Shedroppedhervoice,andlookedsosadandpiteous.

她聲音放得很低，一副悲悲戚戚的樣子，真是可憐。Attheexpirationofthattime,wheelswereheardwhirling

uptothegate.

過(guò)了那個(gè)時(shí)候，只聽(tīng)得車(chē)聲轔轔，車(chē)很快在門(mén)前停了下來(lái)。Answer:2024/11/523Hewalkeddownthelineshakinghandswitheachandmumbling

afewwordsthatwereinaudible.

他走了過(guò)來(lái)，同一列人逐個(gè)握手，嘴里嘰嘰咕咕，也聽(tīng)不清說(shuō)的是什么。Huge,rivenandblazing

wrecksthatonlyminutesbeforehadbeenmajestic

aircraftcarrierssettledintotheglittering

Pacific.

幾分鐘前，這些航空母艦還是那么威風(fēng)凜凜，不久就變成豁裂殘斷、熊熊烈火的龐大殘骸，漸漸沉入了波光粼粼的太平洋。Answer:2024/11/524重復(fù)同義字或詞2024/11/525rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionhorrifiedearth-shakingsatisfactoryfromdoortodoormoanandgroantotalknonsenseardentloyaltyoutlandishclothes驚心動(dòng)魄驚天動(dòng)地稱(chēng)心如意挨門(mén)逐戶唉聲嘆氣胡言亂語(yǔ)赤膽忠心奇裝異服2024/11/526rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionheartandsoulrumorsandslandersremotebarrenlandutterlyexhausteddemonsandghostswithgreateagernessbyhookorbycrooktobecomeahouseholdword全心全意流言蜚語(yǔ)窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤精疲力竭妖魔鬼怪/牛鬼蛇神如饑似渴千方百計(jì)/想方設(shè)法家喻戶曉重復(fù)詞語(yǔ)或表達(dá)法Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavetolikewhatyoudo.愛(ài)一行干一行不行，要干一行愛(ài)一行。Atthis,muchbewildered,thereporterlamelyapologizedandmadeoffdownthestreet,occasionallyglancingbackandevidentlyundecidedwhethertobelievehiseyesorhisears.聽(tīng)到這番話，這記者被弄得糊里糊涂，一面支支吾吾地道歉著，一面匆匆地順著街道溜走了，不時(shí)地回過(guò)頭來(lái)看看，顯然拿不定主意到底是相信自己的眼睛，還是相信自己的耳朵。2024/11/527rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionHewentwherevertherewasthegreatestneed.Theweatheralternatesbetweensunshineandrain.Ouroldclothesandfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.ThemenofMoscowhuffandpuff,complain,warn,bluster——andnooneseemstopayanyattention.Exercise:2024/11/528Hewentwherevertherewasthegreatestneed.

哪里最需要，他就到哪里去。Theweatheralternatesbetweensunshineandrain.

時(shí)而天晴，時(shí)而下雨。Ouroldclothesandfewsticksoffurniturehavebeenpawnedorsold.

我們一些舊衣服和舊家具，當(dāng)?shù)漠?dāng)了，賣(mài)的賣(mài)了。ThemenofMoscowhuffandpuff,complain,warn,bluster——andnooneseemstopayanyattention.

莫斯科的當(dāng)家人吹胡子，瞪眼睛，怒氣沖沖，牢騷滿腹，又是警告，又是大喊大叫——可是好像誰(shuí)也不置理。Answer:2024/11/529漢語(yǔ)特有句式中動(dòng)詞的重復(fù)Shehasreadfewbooks.她讀書(shū)讀得不多。她書(shū)讀得不多。書(shū)她讀得不多。In“S+V+O”sentencepattern,adverbialadjunct(狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))isidiomaticallyplacedaftertherepetitionoftheverb.However,iftheobjectisputbeforetheverb,therepetitionoftheverbisnotnecessary,andthemeaningremainsunchanged.2024/11/530rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionHespokeinanirritatingway.他說(shuō)話說(shuō)得令人不快。Heistipsy.他喝酒喝醉了。Hisillnessthistimewascausedbyacoldbath.他這場(chǎng)病呀，準(zhǔn)是洗冷水澡給洗出來(lái)的。2024/11/531rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition在漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)需要重復(fù)動(dòng)詞（或形容詞、名詞）以表達(dá)讓步或其他情感；英語(yǔ)則不需要重復(fù)。Ihavemadeproposals,buttheyprovedfutile.說(shuō)是說(shuō)了，但沒(méi)有結(jié)果。Ihavetried,butmyeffortswereafailure.做是做了，但沒(méi)有成功。IshallgolaterbutIcan’tleavejustnow.去是要去，但是現(xiàn)在還不能走。It’sagoodidea,butI’mafraidit’simpracticable.這個(gè)主意好是好，但恐怕行不通。2024/11/532rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition英漢語(yǔ)類(lèi)似的重復(fù)Iampersuadedthatneitherdeath,norlife,norangels,norprincipalities,northingspresent,northingstocome,norpowers,norheight,nordepth,noranyothercreatureshallbeabletoseparateusfromtheloveofGod.我相信：死亡也好，生命也好，天使也好，君主也好，現(xiàn)在的東西也好，未來(lái)的東西也好，權(quán)力也好，高度也好，深度也好，任何其他生物也好，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)不能使我們脫離上帝的愛(ài)。2024/11/533rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionProverbsarethepopularsayingthatbrightensomuchLatinAmericantalk,theboiled-downwisdomthatyouareasapttohearfromprofessorsasfrompeasants,frombeggarsasfromelegantes.Briefandcolorful,theymoreoftenthannotcarryasting.諺語(yǔ)是使拉丁美洲人民言談生動(dòng)活潑的流行俗語(yǔ)，是洗練睿智的語(yǔ)言。大學(xué)教授說(shuō)，田野農(nóng)夫也說(shuō)，市井乞丐說(shuō)，名媛閨秀也說(shuō)。諺語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)潔明快，豐富多彩，往往帶刺。2024/11/534rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes;itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness;itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity;itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness;itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair;wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus;wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway.這是最好的時(shí)光，這也是最壞的時(shí)光；這是智慧的年代，這也是愚蠢的年代；這是信仰的時(shí)代，這也是懷疑的時(shí)代；這是光明的時(shí)節(jié)，這也是黑暗的時(shí)節(jié)；這是希望的春天，這也是絕望的冬天；我們面前萬(wàn)物皆有，我們面前也一無(wú)所有；我們都在直登天堂，我們也都在直下地獄。2024/11/535rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetition英語(yǔ)中的“疊詞”2024/11/536rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitionhurry-scurryhurly-burlysillybillyticktockfiddle-faddlecrisscrosstittle-tattlepell-mell慌忙亂竄騷亂，喧鬧笨蛋滴答聲瞎搞；胡說(shuō)十字形；雜亂無(wú)章，混亂狀態(tài)閑聊，漫談混亂的，亂七八糟2024/11/537rhetoricalreduplicationandrepetitiondillydallyslip-slopnitty-grittyhanky-pankynamby-pambyhiggledy-piggledyhugger-muggerheebie-geebiesshilly-shally吊兒郎當(dāng)?shù)叵r(shí)間平淡的本質(zhì)，基本事實(shí)欺騙、?；ㄕ袃?yōu)柔寡斷的亂七八糟混亂神經(jīng)緊張猶豫不決Nothingventure,nothinghave.Outofsight,outofmind.Loveme,lovemydog.Nothinghappensfornothing.Nonewsisgoodnews.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.Selfdo,selfhave.Talkmuch,errmuch.Knowsomethingofeverythingandeverythingofsomething.Exercise:諺語(yǔ)2024/11/538Nothingventure,nothinghave.

不入虎穴，焉得虎子。Outofsight,o