語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧

語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧語(yǔ)法填空是通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇在語(yǔ)境中考察語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力，我們?cè)诮忸}前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先進(jìn)行填寫(xiě)。在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境去逐句分析，逐題解答。下面按題型設(shè)計(jì)分三種情況：一、純空格試題的解題技巧純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、連接詞等虛詞。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。共有以下7個(gè)技巧：技巧1：在簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句中，若句子缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，一定是填代詞。1.ChristchildmarketisapleasantfestivalforchildreninCanada.Myhusband,mydaughterandIattended__thisyear.2.InLondoncrowdscheeredandwavedflagsas___watchedtheannouncementfromSingapore.3.Hesatthereforhoursandhours,seeminglyunmoving.Thetribewasbeginningtogetworriedandrestless,butnobodywantedtodisturb_____.技巧2：名詞前面，若沒(méi)有限定詞（冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等），很可能是填限定詞。1.Thechiefsatquietlyfor___moment.2.Inhischildhoodtheboyoftencheated____boysoutofmoneyandthings.3.Chinesepeopleexpress___lovetotheirmothersinavarietyofways.常用不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone），（nothing，nobody，noone），every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either，neither等。1．Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynastywasveryanxioustohelp__ricecropgrowupquickly.2．Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto____smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.技巧3：名詞或代詞在句中不作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前面，一定是填介詞。1.Whenapersonisburnt,washandcooltheareaoftheskinunderthecoldtap___awhile.2.Theyellowriverforcesthewatertooverflowitsbanksandfloodthecountryside___miles.4.Greatchangeswillhavebeenmade_______medicine,too.5.Whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingme______aguestintheirhouse.技巧4:若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，可能是填連詞。1.Twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso_____DaVinci,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.2.AllIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme___almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.技巧5:若兩個(gè)句子（即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒(méi)有連詞，也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào)，一定是填并列連詞（連接并列的句子）或從屬連詞（連接定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句）。1.Afterherdeathshewassenttothehell,______alltheevilsoulswerepunished.2.Allparentsshouldknowfirstaidsinordertodealwithcommoninjuries______mayhappentotheirchildren.3.Atthecenterofthesquare_____youngchildrenwereplayingabout4.About40-50oldpeoplewenttotheparty,__wasfullofjoyandhappiness.技巧6:由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。(1)由itis…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的形式，判斷it還是that。判斷方法：去掉itis…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，句子還是一個(gè)完整的句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。(2)由it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷，空格是否填it.(3)在倒裝句式中通常填only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not…until等詞。例1：Only___withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.(4)so/such…that…句型例2：Thismadethegoatsojealous___that___itbeganplottingagainstthedonkey.二、給出了動(dòng)詞的試題解題技巧首先，判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。然后按照以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。技巧7：若句子沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.Ifaperson___(lose)onethirdofhis/herblood,he/she___die.2.Mother’sdayhasbecomeaninternationalfestivaland__________(accept)bymanycountries3.Now,Valentine'sDay_(celebrate)inmanycountriesaroundtheworld.4.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.其次，若所給動(dòng)詞既不做謂語(yǔ)也不做非謂語(yǔ)，那就是詞的轉(zhuǎn)換題。技巧8:動(dòng)詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例1：Thereare_______(comfort)feelingsasanykindofphysicalpain.例2：Itcameinto____(exist)withthegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_____(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather____(choose)oftieshardlypleasedherfather.三、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞，根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分確定用哪種形式，具體技巧有以下三種。技巧9:作表語(yǔ)（在系動(dòng)詞之后）、定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞）或賓補(bǔ)（表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)），通常用形容詞形式。1.Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell_(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.2.Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents___(interest)inthesubject.3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_____(nature)course.技巧10:修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞形式。1.AsIlooked_(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthat…2.Theremustbesomething_(serious)wrongwithoursociety.3.______(fortune),theguestescapedunharmed.技巧11:有的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類或詞性不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-,im-,in-等，在詞根后加-less等。1.Yourmistakecausedalotof__(necessary)workintheoffi