中考特訓(xùn)語法講義

第一章名詞考點(diǎn)串講條理清晰輕松把握名詞的數(shù)1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）變內(nèi)部元音的情況foot---tooth---goose---mouse---man---woman---2）詞尾加－en的情況child---ox---3）單復(fù)同形的可數(shù)名詞：（a）三種動(dòng)物（b）三國(guó)人：4）合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)（a）一般合成名詞，只將主體名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)aboyfriend---agirlstudent---（b）以man，woman開頭的合成名詞，前后都變成復(fù)數(shù)amandoctor---awomanteacher---（c）以man，woman結(jié)尾的合成名詞，將man，woman變成復(fù)數(shù)anEnglishman---aFrenchwoman---2.注意一些容易弄錯(cuò)的單復(fù)數(shù)的名詞1）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：2）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：3）可數(shù)、不可數(shù)意義不同的詞changechickendifficultyexercisefishglassidealightorangeroomtimeradio4）常見易錯(cuò)的不可數(shù)名詞sugar糖traffic交通waste廢物wealth財(cái)富weather天氣wheat小麥baggage/luggage行李chalk粉筆change零錢equipment儀器advice建議fruit水果fun樂趣furniture家具knowledge知識(shí)名詞所有格的構(gòu)成表示有生命的人或動(dòng)物的名詞（1）單數(shù)名詞，在名詞詞尾加’s。如：Mike’sgirlfriendmysister’sbook(2)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不以s結(jié)尾的加-‘s，如：Children’sDay，以s結(jié)尾的只在詞尾加’，如：Teachers’Day2、表示沒有生命的人或動(dòng)物的名詞（1）有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加’s.如：=1\*GB3①表示時(shí)間：=2\*GB3②表示自然現(xiàn)象：=3\*GB3③表示國(guó)家、城市等：=4\*GB3④表示度量衡及價(jià)值：=5\*GB3⑤表示擬人化：（2）凡不能加"'s"的表示無生命事物名詞，都可以用"名詞+of+名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：thetitleofthesong,thewindowoftheroom[注]：①在表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常省略它所修飾的名詞。如：myaunt’s(我阿姨家)thedoctor’s(診所)②如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個(gè)'s，則表示'共有'。例如：John'sandMary'srooms（兩間）JohnandMary'sroom（一間）3、雙重所有格=1\*GB3①表示部分：afriendofmyfather’saphotoofMary’s=2\*GB3②表示感情色彩：thatbignoseofDavid’s典例精析瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)1、［誤］Pleasegivemetwowaters.［正］［正］［析］2、［誤］Myglassesisbroken.［正］［誤］Iwanttobuytwoshoes.［正］［析］3、［誤］ThisisaMary'sdictionary.［正］［析］4、［誤］Thankyouverymuch.Yourfamilyisverykindtome.［正］［析］5、［誤］TherearetwoAsinthisword.［正］［析］6、［誤］Physicsareverydifficulttolearn.［正］［析］7、［誤］Itisreallybeautiful.Itisaworkofnature.［正］［析］8、［誤］Myfatherisagoodcooker.［正］［析］優(yōu)化演練體味經(jīng)典把握成功1、Astherewerenotenoughchairsinthepark,theyhadtositonthe______.A.groundB.earthC.landD.field2、Wehaveno______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.eggsC.meatD.fruit3、Jackisinterestedinreadingverymuch,sohisparentsoftentakehimtothe______.A.libraryB.concertC.cinemaD.school4、Yaomingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite____.A.workerB.teacherC.dancerD.player5、——WhynotgototheGreatWallthisSaturday？——I’mafraidit’snotagood____.Manyofushavebeenthere.A.placeB.dayC.planD.idea6、Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosome_____ifyoulike.A.fishandchickenB.fishesandchickenC.fishandchickensD.fishesandchickens7、——Idon’tknowhowtousethismachine.——Itdoesn’tmatter.Hereisthe________.A.instructionB.directionC.informationD.advertisement8、——Youdidn’tsendmeane-maillastnight,didyou?——Sorry.My______brokedown.Icouldn’tgetonline.A.computerB.carC.clockD.camera9、Allthe____teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women10、_______roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.A.TomandSamB.Tom’sandSamC.TomandSam’sD.Tom’sandSam’s11、——Oh,thereisn’tenough_____forusinthebus.——Nohurry.Let’swaitforthenext.A.placeB.landC.roomD.floor12、Theygotmuch_____ontheInternet.A.photoB.ideasC.messageD.information13.There____alotofraininthisareainAugusteveryyear.A.isB.wasC.areD.were14.-----Wouldyoulikesomrthingtodrink?-------_______,please.A.MeatB.RiceC.WaterD.Bread15.-------Mum,it’ssohotandI’msothirsty.--------Goandgetsome_______inthefridge.A.biscuitsB.chipsC.cakesD.icecreams16.-----Look,thetallbuildinglooksverymodern.--------Yes,andthereisagardenonits______.Agardernintheair.A.topB.groundC.sideD.floor17.Thereisgood______foryou.I’vefoundyourlostwatch.A.newsB.ideasC.messagesD.thoughts18.------What’sonthedesk?--------There____acomputerandsomebooksonit.A.areB.isC.haveD.has19.IthinkPhysics______moredifficultthanmaths.A.isB.areC.hasD.have20.------Iwanttogotodifferentplaces,butIdon’tknowthe________.-------Amapishelpful,Ithink.A.priceB.wayC.timeD.ticket第二章代詞考點(diǎn)串講條理清晰輕松把握代詞的定義代詞是用來指代名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞的詞。代詞的用法人稱代詞人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。1、主格用來作句子的主語、表語。如：IoftengoshoppingonSundays.(星期天我常去購(gòu)物)It’she!(是他！)2、賓格用來作及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞的賓語。如：Helpme!(救救我！)Weoftenwriteletterstoher.(我們常給他寫信)3、it的特殊用法（1）當(dāng)說話者不清楚或無必要知道說話對(duì)象的性別時(shí)，用it表示。（2）it還常用來指代時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象等。（3）作形式主語、形式賓語。物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，三、指示代詞（指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。）1)this/these一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that/those則指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人:2)this在電話用語中代表自己，that則代表對(duì)方:Hello!ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?3)有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替，例如：四、反身代詞(表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"，"你們自己"等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞)數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves五、不定代詞1．some與any=1\*GB2⑴some的用法①some多用于肯定句，表示不定數(shù)或不定量，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，意為“一些，幾個(gè)”。Heaskedmesomequestions.他問了我一些問題。Givemesomewater,please.請(qǐng)給我點(diǎn)水。=2\*GB3②含有some的疑問句大多表示“請(qǐng)求”或“建議”，希望對(duì)方肯定回答。=2\*GB2⑵any的用法=1\*GB3①表示不定數(shù)或不定量，修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，用于疑問句中，意為“一些”、“什么”；用于否定句，常與never,without,seldom,hardly等連用。Isthereanywaterintheglass?玻璃杯里有水嗎？Heneverhasanyluck.他從來沒有運(yùn)氣。=2\*GB3②用于肯定句，意為“任何”，通常重讀，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。2．few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的區(qū)別它們常用作形容詞：含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞afew雖少，但有幾個(gè)few不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞alittle，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)little不多，沒有什么3．other,theother,another,others,theothers的區(qū)別。用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個(gè)others別人，其他人another(boy)另一個(gè)（男孩）other(boys)其他男孩特定theother另一個(gè)theothers其余那些人、物theother(boy)另一個(gè)男孩theother(boys)其余那些男孩4．every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨(dú)使用1)不可單獨(dú)使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個(gè)別”3)著重“全體”，毫無例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物5．a(chǎn)ll和both的用法。①all指三者或三者以上的人或物，both僅指兩個(gè)人或物。Allof/bothof后為名詞時(shí)，of可省略，但為賓格代詞時(shí)不可以省略。=2\*GB3②all和both用于否定句，表示不完全否定：Idon’tknowallyournames.6．one的用法代替上文中出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)用one,復(fù)數(shù)用ones.注：it和one都可代替上文出現(xiàn)過的名詞。it往往指上文出現(xiàn)過的特定的事物，即同一事物；而one則代替與前面事物同屬一類事物中的一個(gè)，并不是同一事物7．noone和none的用法指代可數(shù)與不可數(shù)回答howmany/much回答who跟of結(jié)構(gòu)noone常指代人只能為可數(shù)√none指代人或物可數(shù)＆不可數(shù)√√N(yùn)ooneinourclassfailedthefinalexam.Noneofthembelievedhisstory.――HowmanyofyouhavebeentotheThreeGorgesDam?――None.――Whoknowstheanswertothisquestion？――Noone.典例精析瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)1、［誤］Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.［正］［析］2、［誤］Makeyourselfhome.［正］.［析］3、［誤］—Whowonthegame?—None.［正］［析］4、［誤］IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.［正］［析］5、［誤］Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?［正］［析］優(yōu)化演練體味經(jīng)典把握成功1、——Whichdoyoulikebetter,skatingorskiing?——______ofthem.Ilikerunning.A.AllB.BothC.EitherD.Neither2、Itriedseveraljacketson,but___ofthemlookedgood.A.bothB.eitherC.noneD.neither3、HisnameisJamesbuthecalls____Jim.A.hisB.himselfC.himD.不填4、——Thestoryissoamazing!It’sthemostinterestingstoryI’veeverread.——ButI’mafraiditwon’tbelikedby______.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody5、I’mgoingskating.Wouldyouliketogowith______?A.meB.IC.myD.mine6、I’mhungry.Iwant______toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing7、——Wouldyoulikechickennoodlesorbeefnoodles?——______.I’dliketomatonoodles.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None8、IguessTomandhissisterCeliaenjoyed____attheparty.A.myselfB.himselfC.herselfD.themselves9、I’vegotmanybooksonChinesefood.Youcanborrow_____ifyoulike.A.eitherB.oneC.itD.every10、——Walt,wehavefewvegetablesfordinner.Couldyougoandbuy____?——Yes,sure.ButIdon’thave_____money.A.any;anyB.some;anyC.any;someD.some;some11、——DidyourparentsgototheBird’sNestlastSunday?——No.We____wenttoseeafilm.A.bothB.allC.eitherD.every12、——Isthisyoure-dictionary?——No.______isintheschoolbag.A.HisB.YoursC.HersD.Mine13、______isveryimportantforustolearnEnglishbecauseitisaninternationallanguagenow.A.ItisB.ItC.ThatisD.Weare14、Yourdigitalwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy_____?Iwanttobuy____,too.A.one;oneB.it;itC.it;oneD.one;it15.Sallyisacuteandlivelygirl.Wealllike______.A.sheB.herC.hersD.she’s16.Inmyclasssomestudentslovemusic,______arefondofdrawingand________enjoyreading.A.some;theotherB.others;theotherC.others;theothersD.some;others17.------Wouldyoulikesomewaterortea?--------___________.Acupofcoffee,please.A.NeitherB.BothC.EitherD.None18.-------Youlooksad,Kate.-------Yeah,Ihavemade______mistakesinmyreport.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few19.------GotanyinformationaboutHighSchoolExamination?---------Well,Iwastryingto,butfound_________.A.oneB.nooneC.noneD.some20.Moneyisimportantinmylife.Butitisn’t________tome.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything21.------David,whathaveyoudonewiththepoordog?Heiswetthrough!-----Not_____,mum!Ineverdothesamethingasecondtime.A.myselfB.meC.himD.he第三章數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)串講條理清晰輕松把握一、數(shù)詞的分類基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)詞或或數(shù)目多少。序數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的順序。二、數(shù)詞的用法1．書寫基數(shù)詞時(shí)，個(gè)位和十位之間加連字符，百位和十位中間加and。2．?dāng)?shù)詞hundred,thousand,million,billion前有具體數(shù)字或several時(shí)，表示確切數(shù)字，不加of，本身不加-s；當(dāng)這些詞與of連用時(shí)，表示不確切數(shù)字，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3．逢十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。4．“基數(shù)詞＋名詞”和“基數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞”構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞，其中名詞只用單數(shù)形式。5．序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞the，如果使用不定冠詞a/an則表示“再、又”。如：6．基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞均可表示編號(hào)。如：7．?dāng)?shù)詞的其他用法（1）分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成。分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1，分母用復(fù)數(shù)；讀帶分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，先讀整數(shù)部分，再讀分?jǐn)?shù)部分，二者之間用and連接。注意：=1\*GB3①1/2的表達(dá)只能用=2\*GB3②1/4可以用__________表達(dá)，也可用__________表達(dá)。（2）時(shí)刻表達(dá)整點(diǎn)表達(dá)半點(diǎn)前（含半點(diǎn)）表達(dá)8:123、半點(diǎn)后表達(dá)4:55典例精析瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)1、［誤］Idroveabouthalfmile.［正］［析］2、［誤］Thereareabouttwothousandsworkersinourfactory.［正］［析］3、［誤］Inthemorningtherearehundredofoldpeoplewalkinginthepark.［正］［析］4、［誤］TomwasbornonJulyeighteen.［正］［析］優(yōu)化演練體味經(jīng)典把握成功1、——Excuseme.WhereisMr.Green’soffice?——It’son______floor.A.sevenB.thesevenC.theseventhD.seventh2、Therearemorethantwo_____languagesspokeninthatarea.A.hundredsB.hundredsofC.hundredD.hundredof3、Dick,itisthe____timein____daysthatyou’vemadethesamemistake.A.two;threeB.second;threeC.two;thirdD.second;third4、Inourcity,_____middleschoolstudentswanttoworkasateacherinthefuture.A.thousandB.thousandofC.thousandsofD.twothousandof5、Ithink_____ofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexam___easy.A.twothirds;isB.secondthree;areC.twothird;areD.twothird;are6、Wewillstudy_____nextweek.A.sixthchapterB.chaptersixC.thesixchapterD.ChapterSix7.Canyouimaginewhatlifewillbelikein________time?A.20years’B.20year’sC.20-years’D.20-year8.-----Peter,howoldisyourfatherthisyear?-------_______.Andwejusthadapartyforhis_______birthdaylastweek.A.Fortieth;fortyB.Forty;fortyC.Forty;fortiethD.Fortieth;fortieth9.Thereare_______ofstudentsinourschoolbutonly______ofthemaregirls.A.hundreds;twohundredB.hundred;twohundredsC.hundreds;twohundredsD.hundred;twohundred10.About_____oftheworkersinthefactorywereorninthe_________.A.two-thirds;1970B.two-thirds;1970sC.two-third;1970D.two-third;1970s11.Themanalsowrote______ofbeautifulpiecesofmusicfortheorchestra.A.hundredB.sixhundredC.ahundredD.hundreds12.Alltheteachersliveon______floor.A.thesecondB.thetwoC.secondD.two13._______ofthewarmwater_____alreadybeenusedup.A.Two-third;hasB.Two-third;haveC.Two-thirds;hasD.Two-thirds;have14.Ifyouwantaround-tripticket,youhavetopay______20yuan.A.otherB.moreC.anotherD.theother第四章冠詞考點(diǎn)串講條理清晰輕松把握（一）不定冠詞的用法1、表示某一個(gè)人或東西,但不具體說明何人或何物。2、表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量，有“一個(gè)、某一個(gè)、每一個(gè)”之意，但數(shù)的概念沒有one強(qiáng)烈。3、用于某些固定詞組中abit(一點(diǎn))alittle(一點(diǎn))afew(幾個(gè))alot(許多)akindof(一種)apairof(一副、一雙)anumberof(大量的)apieceof(一張、一片)halfanhour(半小時(shí))haveagoodtime(玩得開心)have/catchacold(感冒)makeanoise(發(fā)出嘈雜聲)have/takearest(休息一下)……（二）定冠詞的用法1．表示特定的人或物（這種用法可以表示上文提到過的或談話雙方明確的人或物）。2．和某些形容詞，分詞連用表示一類人或物：3．用于西洋樂器前：playtheguitarplaythepianoplaytheviolin注：中國(guó)樂器前一般不加冠詞.4．用在表示海洋、河流、山脈、群島、海灣等專有名詞前。thePacificOcean太平洋theYellowRiver黃河theHuangMountain黃山theNanshaIslands南沙群島5．用在序數(shù)詞前，但序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞如my,your,his等，不加定冠詞。6．用在形容詞/副詞的最高級(jí)前（adv.最高級(jí)前the可省略）：7．用在各種天體前:thesunthemoontheearth8．用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示“××一家人”：9．用在表示方位和方向的名詞前：10．用于某些固定詞組：inthemorning（在早上）atthesametime(與此同時(shí))makethebed(鋪床)intheend(最后)allthetime(一直)bytheway(順便說一下)ontheway(在路上)……（三）不用冠詞的場(chǎng)合（零冠詞的用法）1．在國(guó)名、城市名、人名前：2．表示三餐、球類、棋牌類等運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前：注：當(dāng)三餐前有形容詞修飾時(shí)，常加不定冠詞a/an：5．表示日期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日等名詞前：6．表示學(xué)科語言的名詞前：7．用于某些固定詞組：atnightdaybydayfatherandsonlittlebylittleatwar典例精析瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)1、［誤］Thisbuildingisanuniversity.［正］［析］2、［誤］Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.［正］［析］3、［誤］Iliveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.［正］［析］4、［誤］Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadinthisshopisverygood.［正］［析］5、［誤］Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.［正］.［析］6、［誤］IwenttoNewYorkbyhiscar.［正］［正］［析］優(yōu)化演練體味經(jīng)典把握成功1、——Doyouhave_____pen?——Yes.Ihaveone.A.aB.anC.theD./2、Itissaidthat____umbrellawasinventedoverfourthousandyearsagobyChinesepeople.A.aB.anC.theD./3、Myfatheris____engineer.Heworksveryhard.A.aB.anC.theD./4、MoreandmoreforeignstudentscometoChinatolearn______Chinese.A.aB.anC.theD./5、Ilookedunder_____tableandfound____penIlostyesterday.A.the;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;/6、——What’s____datetoday?——It’sJune7th.A./B.aC.theD.that7、Thisis_____onlyexpensivedressI’vegot.A.aB.anC.theD./8、Peopleliketoseefilmson______TVinsteadofgoingto_____cinema.A.aB.anC.theD./9、Ifyoureallywanttobea“SuperGirl”,justhave____try!A.aB.anC.theD./10、——Whatabout_____speech?——Itwastootiring,youknow,____speechforme.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;/D.a;a11.Thereis____bigsquarein______centerofthecity.A.a;theB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a12.Ilearnedtoplay______pianoattheageoffour.A.aB.anC.theD./13.-----It’s______niceday,isn’tit?-------Yes,what______fineweather!A.a;aB.the;theC.a;/D.the;/14.Don’tmake_____samemisakeforthesecondtimein_______day.A.the;aB.the;theC.a;/D.the;/15.------Doyouenjoyyourschoollife?------Yes,ofcourse.I’vehad_______wonderfultimehere.A.aB.anC.theD./第五章形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)串講條理清晰輕松把握一、形容詞的用法1、形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，一般放在名詞前。但若修飾復(fù)合不定代詞，要放在其后。例如：2、形容詞enough修飾名詞時(shí)，既可置于所修飾的名詞之前，也可至于其之后。3、多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--（大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，顏色）--出處--材料性質(zhì)--類別--名詞。4、形容詞常在連系動(dòng)詞后面作表語。連系動(dòng)詞：=1\*GB3①be動(dòng)詞=2\*GB3②感官動(dòng)詞：look,sound,smell,taste,feel=3\*GB3③表狀態(tài)：keep,stay等=4\*GB3④表變化：become,get,turn,grow,go,fall等二、副詞的用法注意：幾個(gè)副詞的順序：（1）時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)副詞：（2）方式副詞，短的在前，長(zhǎng)的在后，并用and或but等連接。例如：Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.（3）地點(diǎn)副詞位于時(shí)間副詞之前。6、注意一些兼有兩種形式的副詞1）hard與hardly：hard的意思是“努力”；hardly的意思是“幾乎不”。2）near與nearly:near的意思是“靠近地”；nearly的意思是“幾乎差不多”。3）late與lately:late意思是“晚”、“遲到地”；lately意思是“最近”、“近來”。三、形容詞與副詞的比較等級(jí)（一）規(guī)則變化(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。a)直接加er,est：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est：(2)兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級(jí)前加more/most.（二）不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)goodwell（健康的）badill（有病的）oldmuch/manylittlefar注意：有些形容詞沒有比較等級(jí)，如right,wrong,excellent,final,last,possible,first,east,empty,wooden,open,favorite等（三）形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：(1)講述某人/物自身的情況時(shí),用原級(jí)：.Heisveryoldnow.(他現(xiàn)在很老了)Theyranquitefast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快)Theweatherlooksratherbad.(天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟)Iamsohappy!(我是如此的快樂)☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時(shí),使用結(jié)構(gòu)：as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as☆表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用結(jié)構(gòu)：notas/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as(2)講述兩者有差異,一個(gè)超過另一個(gè)時(shí),用比較級(jí)。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than☆講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)不及第二個(gè)時(shí),用比較級(jí)。結(jié)構(gòu)是：less+比較級(jí)+than(3)講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個(gè)時(shí),用最高級(jí)。結(jié)構(gòu)是：(the)+形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)+in/of….關(guān)于比較等級(jí)的重要注釋：1、“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。如：2、“the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…”表示“越…就越…”。如：典例精析瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)1、［誤］Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.［正］［析］2、［誤］Theillmannearlydied.［正］［析］3、［誤］Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.［正］［析］4、［誤］Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.［正］［析］5、［誤］I'llbebackatthemoment.［正］［析］6、［誤］Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.［正］［析］7、［誤］Heisweakatphysics.［正］［析］8、［誤］Sheismyoldersister.［正］［析］9、［誤］HeisveryhigherthanIam.［正］［析］10、［誤］Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.［正］［析］優(yōu)化演練體味經(jīng)典把握成功1、——Thedishisdelicious!——Well,atleastit’s____theoneIcookedyesterday.A.asgoodasB.worsethanC.aswellasD.asbadas2、Theairinthecountrysideis____.Somanypeoplefromthecitygothereonweekends.A.softB.prettyC.freshD.delicious3、Mrs.Kingkeptweighingherselftoseehoemuch____shewasgetting.A.heavyB.heavierC.theheavierD.theheaviest4、Ourfamilyhasboughtacarsowecantravel____thanbefore.A.mosteasilyB.lesseasilyC.easilyD.moreeasily5、——Whomwouldyouliketobeyourassistant,JackorDavid?——IfIhadtochoose,Davidwouldbe_____choice.A.goodB.betterC.thebetterD.thebest6、Carlfelt_____becausehewonthefirstprizeintheschoolsingingcompetition.A.interestedB.proudC.angryD.worried7、——Doyouknowthefinalofmen’ssinglewillbeplayedbetweenWangLiqinandMaLin?——Yes.Ifelt___whenIheardthe____news.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;excitingC.exciting;excitingD.excited;excited8、Hishandbagwasstolenonhiswaybackhome.______,hiskeyswereonhim.A.SurprisinglyB.SadlyC.LuckilyD.Hopefully9.------Look!How_____theboysare!-------Yes.Theywonthegamethisafternoon.A.excitingB.excitementC.exciteD.excited10.------Howfarisittotheairport?20kilometers?-------No,it’s_______.About30kilometers.A.farB.fartherC.thefatherD.thefathest11.------Whatdeliciouscakes!-------Theywouldtaste______withbutter.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse12.-----I’mreally______beforethecompetition.------Takeiteasy.Sureyouarethebest.A.coolB.seriousC.nervousD.patient13.----Jack,howareyoufeelingtoday?------Much____.IthinkIcangotoschooltomorrow.A.betterB.worseC.brighterD.weaker14.-------WhatdoyouthinkofMark’scomposition?-------Quietgood.ButIthinkyoursis_______.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest15.Helenlearnstodancethreetimesaweek.Nowshedances_______Anitadoes.A.sogoodasB.aswellasC.asgoodasD.sowellas第六章介詞和介詞短語考點(diǎn)串講條理清晰輕松把握一、表示時(shí)間的常用介詞at：2、in:3．on：4．since,from,for,by：5．before,after：6.until二、表示地點(diǎn)的介詞1.in,to,on2.over,above,on3.in,at4.infrontof,inthefrontof,before三、其他介詞典例精析瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)1、［誤］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正］［析］2、［誤］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正］［析］3、［誤］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［正］［析］4、［誤］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［正］［析］5、［誤］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］［析］6、［誤］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］［析］7、［誤］I'llleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］［正］［析］8、［誤］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?［正］［正］［析］9、［誤］Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］［析］10、［誤］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.［正］［正］［析］優(yōu)化演練體味經(jīng)典把握成功1、——WhendidtheOlympicOpeningCeremonyheld?——______August8th,2008.A.InB.AtC.OnD.From2、Shewillleaveherhomework___theteacher’sdeskafterschooltoday.A.fromB.toC.forD.on3、Youmustrideyourbike____therightsideoftheroad.A.atB.onC.inD.for4、Peterusuallygetsupearly_____themorningA.onB.inC.atD.of5、Igotoschool____8o’clockinthemorning..A.atB.inC.onD.for6、YesterdaymorningTomhurriedtoclass_____hisschoolbooks,sohehadtoshareMary’s.A.withoutB.withC.forD.in7、Theywentfishing______asunnymorning.A.inB.onC.atD.by8、Themoonlightiscomingin_____thewindowandtheroomseemsquietandbeautiful.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.past9、Oh,it’syou,Ella!Yourvoicesoundsverydifferent____thephone.What’shappening?A.fromB.inC.onD.at10、CanyoufindTheWaterCube____thismapofBeijing?A.inB.atC.ofD.on11、I’dlikeacupofcoffee___somesugarandmilk.A.inB.toC.ofD.with12、_____thehelpoftheteacher,hebecameagoodstudent.A.UnderB.OnC.WithD.By13、DuringtheSpringFestival,theheavysnowstoppedmanypeoplefrombackhome.A.goB.goesC.wentD.going14.Thisphotoremindsme____thedayswhenIworked____thefarmwithmyclassmates.A.about;inB.about;onC.of;inD.of;on15.Mr.Smithlives______thatbuilding.Hishouseis______thefifthfloor.A.in;onB.of;toC.on;inD.to;at16.Wewillneverforgetwhathappened_______theafternoonfMay12,2008.A.inB.byC.atD.on17.It’sverykind_____themtopickmeupattherailwaystationanddrovemehome.A.forB.toC.ofD.with18.It’snogoodtobelate______school.A.toB.forC.withD.without第七章連詞考點(diǎn)串講條理清晰輕松把握常見連詞的用法：1、and用來連接語法作用相同的詞語或句子，有“和、與、并且”之意：Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.and用于“祈使句＋并列句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系，意為“如果……就”：2、or表示選擇，意為“或，或者”：Whichdoyouprefer,applesorbananas?or用在“祈使句＋并列句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“否則，要不然”：3、so表示因果關(guān)系，意為“因此，所以”。Thisismyfirsttimetovisittheown,soIdon’tknowmuchaboutit.4、both…and…“既……又……”、“兩者都”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。BothLucyandMaryarefansofSuperJunior.IcanspeakbothEnglishandGerman.5、neither…nor…“既不……也不……”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞同靠近它的那個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherlikesfootball.6、either…or…“或者……或者……”，有選擇之意，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞同靠近它的那個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。EitheryouorIamright.7、notonly…butalso…“不但……而且……”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞同靠近它的那個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。NotonlyTombutalsohisbrotherisgoodatswimming.8、aswellas“也、而且、和”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞同句子最前面那個(gè)主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Theboyishandsomeaswellasclever.MybrotheraswellasmyparentsisgoingtoBeijingnextmonth.9、so…that…“如此……以至于……”用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。IwassotiredthatIcouldn’tmoveabit.10、while、when、as的用法區(qū)別：while常表示一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作,它引導(dǎo)的從句動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的、是平行的；when可以表示較短的動(dòng)作也可以表示較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作,主句和從句的動(dòng)作可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生；as與上兩詞同義,可替換while和when,表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,常譯為“一邊……一邊……”。典例精析瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)蓄勢(shì)待發(fā)1、［誤］Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.［正］［析］2、［誤］Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwon'tpasstheexam.［正］［析］3、［誤］Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.［正］［正］［析］4、［誤］Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.［正］［析］5、［誤］Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.［正］［析］6、［誤］Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.［正］［析］7、［誤］WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.［正］［析］8、［誤］Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.［正］［析］so與such的用法可以分為四種情況：①such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞②在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such③在few,little,much,many這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such④當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí)，這