河南省豫西北教研聯(lián)盟（許洛平）2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題 含解析

豫西北教研聯(lián)盟(許洛平)2024——2025學(xué)年高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測英語注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時。選出每小題答案后，用銷筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動。用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whyisthewomanlateforthemeeting?A.Shewroteareport.B.Shemetherteacher.C.Shewenttothelibrary.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Athome.B.Atastore.C.Atahotel.3.HowmuchisaticketfortheShakespearianplaytonight?A.$20.B.$30.C.$40.4.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Todeliveramessage.B.Tomakeacomplaint.C.Toinquireaboutastreet.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.HowtousetheInternet.B.Howtofindgyms.C.Howtotalkwithparents.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howmanybookshasthewomanread?A.5.B.8.C.10.7.Whichbookisthewomanreadingcurrently?A.WutheringHeights.B.TheSunMooRises.C.TheOldManandtheSea.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthemanprobablydoing?A.HostingaTVprogram.B.Chairingaclubmeeting.C.Participatinginadebate.9.Whatdoesthewomandoforalivingnow?A.Sherepairsboats.B.Sherentsoutboats.C.Shebuildsfishingboats.10.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Satisfiedwithherlife.B.Worriedaboutthefuture.C.Excitedaboutnewthings.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howwaslastterm’sartfestival?A.Itwasboring.B.Itwasaverage.C.Itwaspopular.12.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Createaposter.B.Holdadiscussion.C.Enteracompetition.13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Employerandemployee.C.Teacherandstudent.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthecharity?A.Itmetmanydifficulties.B.Itwasfoundedadecadeago.C.It’sthelargestcharityintown.15.Whathaswinningtheawardhelpedthecharitydo?A.Promotethecharity.B.Bringinmoremembers.C.Runaneducationalproject.16.Whatisthebiggestthreattothedolphinsfromoilexploration?A.Horriblesmells.B.Waterpollution.C.Underwaternoise.17.Whydidthecharitygiveupmovingthedolphinbase?A.Becauseoftechnology.B.Becauseofmoney.C.Becauseoftime.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Collegestudents.B.Localartists.C.Museumstaff.19.Whatcanallofthevolunteersdointhemuseum?A.Guidethetourists.B.Helpwithresearch.C.Hostameeting.20.Whatisthespeakerintroducingattheendofthetalk?A.Anewexhibition.B.Requirementsforvolunteers.C.Thehistoryofthemuseum.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAreyoudreamingofovercomingMountKilimanjaro,butnotsurewhichroutetotake?Here’sanoverviewoffourKilimanjaroroutesforyou.MaranguRouteTheMaranguRoute,alsoknownasthe“Coca-ColaRoute”,isdistinguishedbyitscottageaccommodationsandisapopularchoiceforclimbersaimingtoreachthetopofKilimanjaro.Providingamorecomfortableoptioncomparedtocamping,thesesimplecottagesofferbasicfacilitiesandcanbeawelcomingsightafteradayofchallenginghiking.MachameRouteTheMachameRoute,oftenreferredtoasthe“WhiskeyRoute”,isfamousforitssplendidlandscapesandchallengingsummit(頂峰)nightthattestsclimbers’determinationandtolerance.Thenightbeforethesummitpush,isalaborioustest,characterizedbysharp,rockyterrain(地形)andfreezingtemperatures,whereclimbersrelyontheirmentalstrengthandphysicalpreparednesstoovercomethefinalbarrierstoUhuruPeak.LemoshoRouteTheLemoshoRouteoffersbreathtakingscenicviewsandownsoneofthehighestsummitsuccessratesamongtheKilimanjaroroutes,makingitafavoriteamongclimbers.WhatsetstheLemoshoRouteapartisitsgradualascent(上升)profile,allowingclimberstoaccustomeffectivelyandincreasetheirchancesofreachingthesummitsuccessfully.RongaiRouteTheRongaiRouteprovidesaquiethikingexperience,allowingclimberstoadaptgraduallywhileimpressingthemselveswiththeuntouchedwildernessofKilimanjaro’snorthernside.Adaptationbecomesmoremanageableduetotheroute’sgentleascent,allowingclimberstoadjusttotheincreasingheightcomfortably.Theuniqueadvantageofthispathisitsrelativelylowertraffic,providingapeacefulexperienceinharmonywithnature’spatterns.1.WhatmakesMaranguRoutespecial?A.Theaccommodations. B.ThefreeCoca-Cola.C.Thecampingsight. D.Thechallenginghiking.2.WhatismostrequiredwhenyouchooseMachameRoute?A.Climbingequipment. B.HelpofWhiskey.C.Teamworkofclimbers. D.Strongwillpower.3.Whatdothelasttworouteshaveincommon?ATheyhavelowertraffic. B.Theyoffervastwilderness.CTheyareeasiertoadaptto. D.Theyareplannedfortheold.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹攀爬乞力馬扎羅山的四條路線?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由MaranguRoute中“TheMaranguRoute,alsoknownasthe‘Coca-ColaRoute’,isdistinguishedbyitscottageaccommodationsandisapopularchoiceforclimbersaimingtoreachthetopofKilimanjaro.(TheMarangu路線也被稱為‘可口可樂路線’，以其小屋住宿而聞名，是攀登乞力馬扎羅山山頂?shù)牡巧秸叩臒衢T選擇。)”可知，MaranguRoute以住宿而聞名。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由MachameRoute中“Thenightbeforethesummitpush,isalaborioustest,characterizedbysharp,rockyterrain(地形)andfreezingtemperatures,whereclimbersrelyontheirmentalstrengthandphysicalpreparednesstoovercomethefinalbarrierstoUhuruPeak.(登頂前一晚是一個艱苦的考驗，其特征是陡峭的巖石地形和冰冷的氣溫，登山者依靠他們的精神力量和身體準備來克服通往UhuruPeak的最后障礙。)”可知，選擇Machame路線需要擁有堅強的意志力。故選D項。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由LemoshoRoute中“WhatsetstheLemoshoRouteapartisitsgradualascent(上升)profile,allowingclimberstoaccustomeffectivelyandincreasetheirchancesofreachingthesummitsuccessfully.(TheLemosho路線的獨特之處在于其漸進的上升路線，使登山者能夠有效地適應(yīng)并增加成功到達山頂?shù)臋C會。)”和RongaiRoute中“Adaptationbecomesmoremanageableduetotheroute’sgentleascent,allowingclimberstoadjusttotheincreasingheightcomfortably.(由于路線的平緩上升，適應(yīng)變得更加容易管理，使登山者能夠舒適地適應(yīng)不斷增加的高度。)”可知，這兩條路線都很容易適應(yīng)。故選C項。BForpeoplewhonevercomplainaboutthetoughconditions,idealjobshavecomeup.Aheritage(遺產(chǎn))charityisadvertisingjobsatthebottomoftheworld.BasedinAntarctica,just9,000milesfromtheUK,successfulapplicantswillhavetoadapttonear-constantdaylight,subzerotemperaturesandnorunningwater.Butwhatincredibleupsides:penguins(企鵝),breathtakinglandscapesandthechancetosupportconservationeffortsinoneofthemostremotecornersoftheplanet.TheUKAntareticHeritageTrustsaiditwasseeking“passionateadventurersreadytotakeonthechallengeofalifetime”injobsthatincludedmanagingamuseum,postofficeandgiftshopaswellasconductingpenguincounts.ThoseselectedwillliveandworkatBaseAatPortLockroyonGoudierIsland,whichisaboutthesizeofafootballfield.BridieMartinWest,a33-year-oldmidwife,isthecurrentbaseleader.OnavideocallfromPortLockroy,shedescribedtheupsanddownsoflifeonthebase,whereeveryonesharesasmallroom.“Wearegettingtowardstheendofourstayhere,butwestillhavethemagicoflookingoutsideandseeinghundredsofyoungpenguins,”shesaid.“Wegetthewonderofseeinghumpbackwhales(座頭鯨)gopast.Ononesideoftheislandwehavethemostgrandmountainrangeandontheotherside,anicesheet.”CamillaNichole,thecharity’sCEO,saidsuccessfulapplicantswouldneedtobe“adaptable,physicallyfit,environmentallyaware”andupforthechallengeofspendingfivemonthssofarawayfromhome.“Thisisauniqueopportunitytoliveinalandscapethatmakesyoufeelpurerespectandwonder,wherepioneeringgenerationshavegonebeforeusmakinggroundbreakingdiscoveriesaboutourplanet,”shesaid.4.Whatistheaimofparagraph1?A.Tointroduceanewjob. B.TopromoteaBritishcharity.C.Tofindsomeidealpartners. D.Toanalyzetheauthor’sview.5.Whichisoneofthejobtakers’dutiesatthebase?A.Distributingpresents. B.Keepingtrackofpenguins.C.Studyingoceanwildlife. D.Protectingpublicfacilities.6.WhydidBridiedescribeherlifeatthebaseinparagraph3?A.Shewasfullofloveforherjob. B.Sheadvocatedbroadervolunteering.C.Sheadvertisedthescenerythere. D.Shecalledformoreconservationefforts.7.HowdidCamillaNicholefindthelifeatthebase?A.Stressfulbutsuccessful. B.Repetitivebutcomfortable.C.Unbearablebutrefreshing. D.Challengingbutrewarding.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是位于南極洲的一個遺產(chǎn)慈善機構(gòu)正在招聘能夠在極端環(huán)境下工作的員工，這些員工將負責(zé)在南極洲的某個基地管理博物館、郵局和禮品店，并進行企鵝數(shù)量統(tǒng)計等工作?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Forpeoplewhonevercomplainaboutthetoughconditions,idealjobshavecomeup.Aheritage(遺產(chǎn))charityisadvertisingjobsatthebottomoftheworld.BasedinAntarctica,just9,000milesfromtheUK,successfulapplicantswillhavetoadapttonear-constantdaylight,subzerotemperaturesandnorunningwater.(對于那些從不抱怨艱苦環(huán)境的人來說，理想的工作已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。一家遺產(chǎn)慈善機構(gòu)正在為世界最底層的工作做廣告。該項目位于距離英國僅9000英里的南極洲，成功的申請者將不得不適應(yīng)近乎恒定的日光、零度以下的溫度和沒有自來水的環(huán)境。)”可知，第一段的目的是介紹一份新工作。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheUKAntareticHeritageTrustsaiditwasseeking“passionateadventurersreadytotakeonthechallengeofalifetime”injobsthatincludedmanagingamuseum,postofficeandgiftshopaswellasconductingpenguincounts.(英國南極遺產(chǎn)信托基金會表示，他們正在尋找“愿意接受一生挑戰(zhàn)的充滿激情的冒險家”，工作內(nèi)容包括管理博物館、郵局和禮品店，以及清點企鵝數(shù)量。)”可知，基地的工作人員的職責(zé)之一是記錄企鵝的數(shù)量。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Wearegettingtowardstheendofourstayhere,butwestillhavethemagicoflookingoutsideandseeinghundredsofyoungpenguins(我們在這里的逗留即將結(jié)束，但我們?nèi)匀幌蛲饪矗吹綌?shù)百只小企鵝的魔力)”和“Wegetthewonderofseeinghumpbackwhales(座頭鯨)gopast.Ononesideoftheislandwehavethemostgrandmountainrangeandontheotherside,anicesheet.(我們看到座頭鯨經(jīng)過的奇跡。在島的一邊是最雄偉的山脈，另一邊是冰原。)”可知，Bridie在第三段描述了她在基地的生活是因為她對自己的工作充滿了熱愛。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“CamillaNichole,thecharity’sCEO,saidsuccessfulapplicantswouldneedtobe“adaptable,physicallyfit,environmentallyaware”andupforthechallengeofspendingfivemonthssofarawayfromhome.(該慈善機構(gòu)的首席執(zhí)行官CamillaNichole表示，成功的申請者需要“適應(yīng)能力強、身體健康、有環(huán)保意識”，并準備好迎接離家5個月的挑戰(zhàn)。)”和“Thisisauniqueopportunitytoliveinalandscapethatmakesyoufeelpurerespectandwonder,wherepioneeringgenerationshavegonebeforeusmakinggroundbreakingdiscoveriesaboutourplanet(這是一個獨特的機會，讓你生活在一個讓你感到純粹的尊重和驚奇的景觀中，在我們對地球做出突破性發(fā)現(xiàn)之前，先輩們已經(jīng)去過那里了。)”可知，CamillaNichole覺得基地的生活具有挑戰(zhàn)性但值得。故選D。CTrainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedforwhatwouldbearecord-settingswim—regardlessofsex—acrosstheEnglishChannelin1978.“Yourhandscramp(痙攣),yourlegscramp,”sheremembers.Whilethecoldwasbone-chilling,overcomingithasbeenessentialtohersuccessasarecord-breakingswimmer.Anabilitytotolerateextremecoldisoneoftheadvantagesthatwomenmayhaveinthissport,astheirdistributionoffatishelpfulforregulatingbodytemperatureincoldwater.Deanbelievesthatanyupperhandwomenmighthaveinopen-waterswimmingoverlongdistancesismoreaboutmentaladaptationandtheabilitytobeardiscomfortthanaboutinsulation(阻隔).Inultradistanceevents,theabilitytohandlemorefactors,fromweathertopain,becomesparticularlyimportant.Infact,womencanoutperformorperformsimilarlytomeninarangeofcompetitiveevents.Fromultrarunningtoshootingsports,insomecompetitionswomenhavetheedge.CassioRippel,theISSFAthletesCommitteeChair,saysthatwhilemen’smusclestendtogivethemmorestayingpower,women’slowerbodymassandlowercentreofgravity,onaverage,allowthembetterbalancecontrol.Therifle(步槍)eventsarethemostsex-balancedofthethreetypesofshootingeventsintheOlympics,accordingtoRippel.Thenearlycentury-longhistoryoftheOlympicsisalsoahistoryofthegrowthoffemaleempowerment.Anincreasingnumberoffemaleathleteshavebrokengenderbarriers,achievingremarkablesuccessintraditionallymale-dominatedsports.TheParisOlympicsarethefirstOlympicstohaveequalnumbersoffemaleandmaleathletes.Thisisalsoanopportunitytothinkcarefullyaboutwhatgapsininclusionstillremain.Whilemuchofthescienceofsexandperformancemaybeunsettled,onethingthat’sveryclearisthatmoreresearchneedstoinvolvewomen.Thepathtowardgreaterinclusionhasnotbeenstraight,andmorequestionsthananswersremainabouttheroleofsexinathleticperformance.8.WhatchallengedidDeanfacewhenbreakingtherecord?A.Thelongdistance. B.Thelowtemperature.C.Theextrabodyfat. D.Theintensetraining.9.Whatadvantagemaywomenhaveinlongandopen-waterswimming?A.Strongawarenessaboutkeepingwarm. B.Superiorflexibilitytotoughsituations.C.Inborntalentforlongdistanceswimming. D.Absoluteconcentrationonswimmingpath.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“havetheedge”inparagraph4mean?A.Appearweaker. B.Seemconservative.C.Takethelead. D.Showlesspressure.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Women’spotentialinsports. B.Sportssuitableforwomen.C.Viewsongenderandsports. D.FemalesintheOlympics.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了女性在體育領(lǐng)域的潛力和表現(xiàn)，通過具體事例和科學(xué)分析，闡述了女性在長距離游泳等競技項目中的優(yōu)勢和特點，以及女性在奧運會上的地位和賦權(quán)的歷史。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Trainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedforwhatwouldbearecord-settingswim—regardlessofsex—acrosstheEnglishChannelin1978.‘Yourhandscramp(痙攣),yourlegscramp,’sheremembers.(1978年，PennyLeeDean準備橫渡英吉利海峽，這將是一項打破紀錄的游泳活動，訓(xùn)練是殘酷的。她回憶說：“你的手會抽筋，腿也會抽筋?！?”和第二段中“Whilethecoldwasbone-chilling,overcomingithasbeenessentialtohersuccessasarecord-breakingswimmer.(雖然寒冷刺骨，但克服寒冷是她成功打破紀錄的關(guān)鍵)”可知，PennyLeeDean在1978年準備創(chuàng)造橫跨英吉利海峽的游泳紀錄時，克服寒冷是她成功破紀錄的關(guān)鍵。因此，Dean在打破紀錄時面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是低溫。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Deanbelievesthatanyupperhandwomenmighthaveinopen-waterswimmingoverlongdistancesismoreaboutmentaladaptationandtheabilitytobeardiscomfortthanaboutinsulation(阻隔).Inultradistanceevents,theabilitytohandlemorefactors,fromweathertopain,becomesparticularlyimportant.(Dean認為，女性在開放水域長距離游泳中所占的優(yōu)勢更多的是心理適應(yīng)能力和承受不適的能力，而不是阻隔能力)”可知，女性在長距離公開水域游泳中可能具有的優(yōu)勢更多地在于心理適應(yīng)和承受不適的能力，這表明女性在應(yīng)對艱難情況方面具有更強的靈活性。故選B項?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Fromultrarunningtoshootingsports,insomecompetitionswomenhavetheedge.CassioRippel,theISSFAthletesCommitteeChair,saysthatwhilemen’smusclestendtogivethemmorestayingpower,women’slowerbodymassandlowercentreofgravity,onaverage,allowthembetterbalancecontrol.(從超跑到射擊運動，在一些比賽中，女性havetheedge。國際田徑聯(lián)合會運動員委員會主席CassioRippel表示，男性的肌肉往往能給他們帶來更大的耐力，而女性的體重和重心較低，平均而言，能讓她們更好地控制平衡)”可知，雖然男性的肌肉往往給他們更多的耐力，但女性的身體質(zhì)量較低，重心較低，平均而言，這使她們能夠更好地控制平衡。由此可推知，在超跑到射擊比賽中，女性往往能夠表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異或“領(lǐng)先”。因此，畫線短語havetheedge意思是“領(lǐng)先”，與takethelead同義。故選C項。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中“Trainingwascruel,asPennyLeeDeanpreparedforwhatwouldbearecord-settingswim—regardlessofsex—acrosstheEnglishChannelin1978.(1978年，PennyLeeDean準備橫渡英吉利海峽，這將是一項打破紀錄的游泳活動，訓(xùn)練是殘酷的)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Thenearlycentury-longhistoryoftheOlympicsisalsoahistoryofthegrowthoffemaleempowerment.Anincreasingnumberoffemaleathleteshavebrokengenderbarriers,achievingremarkablesuccessintraditionallymale-dominatedsports.(近一個世紀的奧運會歷史，也是一部女性賦權(quán)的成長歷史。越來越多的女運動員打破了性別障礙，在傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的運動中取得了顯著的成功)”可知，文章通過PennyLeeDean打破游泳紀錄的事例和奧運會上女性運動員的賦權(quán)歷史，主要探討了女性在體育領(lǐng)域的潛力和表現(xiàn)。故選A項。DPlansarebeingdrawnupforalunar“Noah’sArk”tohelpsaveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.Thecomingbiorepository,astoragefacilityforfrozensamples,wouldhouselivesamplesfrommostanimalsintheworldandserveasasaveincasethespeciesdisappearedonEarth.Itwouldlikelybebuiltatthenorthorsouthpoleofthemoon,wherecraters(隕石坑)createpermanentshadowandatemperatureofalmost-200℃.ScientistsfromtheSmithsonian,HarvardandotherleadingUSinstitutionsareworkingonhowtoobtainsamplesfromat-riskbiodiversityonEarth,freezethemandsendthemtothelunarsurfaceforsafekeeping.InapaperpublishedinthejournalBioScience,theacademicssaytheyhavealreadybeguncreatingaplanforspacestoragebasedonthestarrygoby,abonyfish.Potentialdifficultiesincludehowthesamplescanbeprotectedfromtheseverityofspacetravelaswellasthehighradiationlevelsinspace.BiorepositoriessuchastheoneonSvalbardinNorwayaredesignedtobedurablebutmaystillconflictwithearthlyrisks,thescientistswarn,andhavingashelteronthemooncouldprovideaback-upplanthatisuninfluencedtoearthboundevents.Theconstantlycoldtemperaturesonthemoonareidealforabiorepositoryofcryopreserved(冷凍保存的)samples,thescientistssay,asitwouldmeanthesystemcouldbepassiveandnotneedapowersupply.“Suchabiorepositorywouldsafeguardbiodiversityandactasameasureagainstitslossoccurringbecauseofnaturaldisasters,climatechange,over-population,resourcedepletion(枯竭),wars,socioeconomicthreatsandothercausesonEarth,”thescientistswrite.“Thisisadecades-longprogramme,”thescientistswrite.“ProtectingEarth’slifemustbeatoppriorityintherushonthemoonsitesforindustriesandmanytypesofscience.”NASAisalsointerestedinthesouthpoleofthemoonforthesamepermanentlyshadowedregionsbecausetheymayalsohosticeandthiscouldhelpestablishahumanpossessiononthemoon.12.Whatisthelunar“Noah’sArk”actually?A.Aterritory. B.Astorehouse.C.Aburialfield. D.Alaboratory.13.Howdothebonyfishappearintheproject?A.Asanemergencyfood. B.Asanendangeredspecies.C.Asaneasilystoredfish. D.Asanexperimentalarticle.14.Themoonisconsideredidealfortheprojectdueto________.A.sustainedcold B.alackofsunlightC.thebestsecurity D.loweredradiation15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.SpeciesonEartharegraduallyincreasing. B.Thethreatsontheearthareundercontrol.C.Scientistshavehighhopesfor“Noah’sArk”. D.“Noah’sArk”iscurrentlyrunningsmoothly.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了月球上的“諾亞方舟”計劃。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Plansarebeingdrawnupforalunar“Noah’sArk”tohelpsaveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.Thecomingbiorepository,astoragefacilityforfrozensamples,wouldhouselivesamplesfrommostanimalsintheworldandserveasasaveincasethespeciesdisappearedonEarth.(為了拯救瀕臨滅絕的物種，月球上的“諾亞方舟”計劃正在起草中。未來的生物庫，一個冷凍樣本的儲存設(shè)施，將容納世界上大多數(shù)動物的活樣本，并將作為防止物種在地球上消失的保險庫。)”可知，月球上的“諾亞方舟”實際上是一個儲存設(shè)施。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ScientistsfromtheSmithsonian,HarvardandotherleadingUSinstitutionsareworkingonhowtoobtainsamplesfromat-riskbiodiversityonEarth,freezethemandsendthemtothelunarsurfaceforsafekeeping.InapaperpublishedinthejournalBioScience,theacademicssaytheyhavealreadybeguncreatingaplanforspacestoragebasedonthestarrygoby,abonyfish.(來自史密森學(xué)會、哈佛大學(xué)和其他美國主要機構(gòu)的科學(xué)家們正在研究如何從地球上瀕危的生物多樣性中獲取樣本，將其冷凍并送到月球表面進行保管。在《生物科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中，學(xué)者們表示，他們已經(jīng)開始制定一項基于星形蝦虎魚，一種硬骨魚的空間存儲計劃。)”可知，硬骨魚是作為研究文章中的樣本，出現(xiàn)在項目中的。故選D項。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theconstantlycoldtemperaturesonthemoonareidealforabiorepositoryofcryopreserved(冷凍保存的)samples,thescientistssay,asitwouldmeanthesystemcouldbepassiveandnotneedapowersupply.(科學(xué)家們說，月球上持續(xù)的低溫非常適合冷凍保存樣本的生物儲存庫，因為這意味著該系統(tǒng)可以是被動的，不需要電源。)”可知，由于持續(xù)寒冷，月球被認為是這個項目的理想選擇。故選A項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“‘Suchabiorepositorywouldsafeguardbiodiversityandactasameasureagainstitslossoccurringbecauseofnaturaldisasters,climatechange,over-population,resourcedepletion(枯竭),wars,socioeconomicthreatsandothercausesonEarth,’thescientistswrite.‘Thisisadecades-longprogramme,’thescientistswrite.‘ProtectingEarth’slifemustbeatoppriorityintherushonthemoonsitesforindustriesandmanytypesofscience.’(科學(xué)家們寫道：‘這樣一個生物儲存庫將保護生物多樣性，并作為一種措施，防止自然災(zāi)害、氣候變化、人口過剩、資源枯竭、戰(zhàn)爭、社會經(jīng)濟威脅和地球上其他原因造成的生物多樣性損失。這是一個長達數(shù)十年的項目，保護地球的生命必須成為工業(yè)和多種科學(xué)在月球上的首要任務(wù)?！?”和最后一段“NASAisalsointerestedinthesouthpoleofthemoonforthesamepermanentlyshadowedregionsbecausetheymayalsohosticeandthiscouldhelpestablishahumanpossessiononthemoon.(美國國家航空航天局也對月球南極的永久陰影地區(qū)感興趣，因為那里可能也有冰，這可能有助于人類在月球上定居。)”可知，科學(xué)家對“諾亞方舟”寄予厚望。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Sometimes,decidingwhichprojectsshouldbeyourtopprioritycanbeenergy-consumingwhenyoudon’thavemuchtospare.___16___,evenwhenyou’reclearaboutthetasksathand.Trythe3-3-3method.ThistechniqueisproposedbyOliverBurkeman,whosuggestsplanningeachworkdaybasedona3-3-3model.___17___.Butyouhavetobesuretheworkisonyourmostcrucialproject.Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’tdemandthreehoursofconcentratedeffort.Finally,undertakethree“maintenance”tasks,suchascleaning,replyingtoemails,orschedulingotherwork.___18___.Itcategorizesyourresponsibilitiesbasedonurgencyandimportance.You’llneedtoconsidernotonlythetimelinessofthetasksyouneedtodobutalsotheresourcestheywillconsume.Whatsetsthismethodapartfromotherproductivitystrategiesisthoseinitialthreehoursofdeepwork.Startingwiththemmeansyou’llbefresh,concentrated,andmorelikelytobeabletostartataskwithoutgettingdiverted(分心的).___19___Deepworkleadstosignificantproductivity.So,you’llachievealotifyoucommittoit.___20___.It’sadvisabletohavethosethreeother,smallertaskslinedupandreadysothatyoucanremainproductiveevenwhenswitchingtolessdemandingresponsibilities.Finally,maintenancetasksprovideabreakandhelpwithpreparation.Finalizewhatyouwereworkingonduringthreeintensehours.Orgetreadyforthenextday’swork.A.The3-3-3methodhelpsclassifytasksB.HavingsmallertasksreadyisbeneficialC.SetoffbydevotingthreehourstodeepworkD.KeepthosethreehoursfreefromminordutiesE.The3-3-3methodisbetterthanotherstrategiesF.However,youcan’tremaininthatmindsetforeverG.Butyoustillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.D20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是一種提高工作效率的方法——3-3-3工作法?！?6題詳解】空前“Sometimes,decidingwhichprojectsshouldbeyourtopprioritycanbeenergy-consumingwhenyoudon’thavemuchtospare.(有時候，當(dāng)你沒有多余的時間時，決定哪些項目應(yīng)該是你的首要任務(wù)可能會消耗你的精力。)”說明了決定首要任務(wù)可能會消耗精力，根據(jù)下文“Trythe3-3-3method.(試試3-3-3方法。)”說明要用下面要說的方法來決定首要任務(wù)，因此決定首要任務(wù)仍然是必須做的事情，G選項“Butyoustillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem(但你仍然需要弄清楚如何劃分優(yōu)先順序)”說明了仍然需要考慮優(yōu)先任務(wù)，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳解】空后“Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’tdemandthreehoursofconcentratedeffort.Finally,undertakethree“maintenance”tasks,suchascleaning,replyingtoemails,orschedulingotherwork.(接下來，完成另外三個不需要三小時集中精力的緊急任務(wù)。最后，承擔(dān)三個‘維護’任務(wù)，如清潔，回復(fù)電子郵件，或安排其他工作。)”說明的是接下來和最后要做的事情，空格處應(yīng)該說第一個要做什么事情，C選項“Setoffbydevotingthreehourstodeepwork(先花三個小時深入工作)”說明了第一步是先花三個小時深入工作，符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳解】空格處是本段主旨句，由空后“Itcategorizesyourresponsibilitiesbasedonurgencyandimportance.(它根據(jù)緊迫性和重要性對你的職責(zé)進行分類。)”可知，本段主要講的是這種方法可以幫助對任務(wù)進行分類，A選項“The3-3-3methodhelpsclassifytasks(3-3-3方法有助于對任務(wù)進行分類)”說明了這種方法可以對任務(wù)進行分類，概括了本段主旨，可作為主旨句，引領(lǐng)下文。故選A?！?9題詳解】空前“Whatsetsthismethodapartfromotherproductivitystrategiesisthoseinitialthreehoursofdeepwork.Startingwiththemmeansyou’llbefresh,concentrated,andmorelikelytobeabletostartataskwithoutgettingdiverted(分心的).(這種方法與其他提高效率的策略的區(qū)別在于最初的三個小時的深度工作。從它們開始意味著你會精力充沛，注意力集中，更有可能開始一項任務(wù)而不會分心。)”說明了在最初的三個小時之內(nèi)不能分心，也就是在這三個小時之內(nèi)除了做需要做的任務(wù)之外不能做其他任務(wù)，D選項“Keepthosethreehoursfreefromminorduties(把這三個小時從瑣事中解放出來)”說明了在這三個小時內(nèi)不要做其他瑣事，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】空前“Deepworkleadstosignificantproductivity.So,you’llachievealotifyoucommittoit.(深度工作能帶來顯著的生產(chǎn)力。所以，如果你堅持下去，你會收獲很多。)”說明了深度工作會給你帶來收獲，空后“It’sadvisabletohavethosethreeother,smallertaskslinedupandreadysothatyoucanremainproductiveevenwhenswitchingtolessdemandingresponsibilities.(建議你把其他三個較小的任務(wù)排在一起，準備好，這樣即使換到要求較低的工作，你也能保持高效率。)”說明了要把較小的任務(wù)排在一起，也就是不能盲目地認為只能深度工作，F(xiàn)選項“However,youcan’tremaininthatmindsetforever(然而，你不可能永遠保持這種心態(tài))”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明了不可能一直處于深度工作狀態(tài)，承上啟下，符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Mysonjustcompletedhighschoolandwhenheleavesforcollegeinthefall,I’ll___21___hislessonsinteenageslang(俚語).Hisslanghasofferedmeanaccidentalbutusefulportrait(描述)ofhowheandhisgeneration___22___theworld.Fromonegenerationtothenext,thetermschanged,butthe___23___typicallydidn’t.Newwordswereroutinely___24___toexpressfamiliarconcepts:onegeneration’s“cool”___25___another’s“dope”andsoon.Membersofmyson’sgenerationhaveavastlysuperiorapproachtoslang.They’vecreatedalanguagethat___26___thenewanddistinctrealitytheyface.“Mid”isanobvious___27___inmyson’susage,thingsthataremidarethingsthatareaverageor___28___below.Everythinginarailwaystationoranairportfallsintothecategoryof“mid”.It’sabrilliant,precisewordforamildly___29___world.Butmyfavoritenewslangwordis“based”—shortfor“basedinfact”or“basedinreality”andoftenusedasatermofagreementwhensomeone___30___adebatableopinion.Thekidsthemselvesarebright.ThatiswhyI’mso___31___tomysonwhogavemeachanceto___32___thelanguageofhisgeneration.Onepurposeofslangistodemonstrategenerational___33___,yetslanghasbroughtmysonandmecloser.Thecurrent___34___createdslangsandthey’veprovedthemselvesmore___35___thanwewere.21.A.teach B.prepare C.miss D.attend22.A.see B.change C.impact D.shape23.A.users B.meanings C.forms D.targets24.A.searched B.defined C.abused D.adopted25.A.leads B.becomes C.causes D.follows26.A.datesfrom B.turnsto C.escapesfrom D.respondsto27.A.example B.tool C.exception D.expression28.A.unbelievably B.terribly C.slightly D.unreasonably29.A.thrilling B.excellent C.indifferent D.disappointing30.A.seeks B.states C.exchanges D.analyzes31.A.helpful B.familiar C.grateful D.sensitive32.A.compare B.approach C.assess D.imitate33.A.ability B.dreams C.shortcomings D.distinction34.A.teenagers B.children C.adults D.seniors35.A.realistic B.considerate C.innovative D.energetic【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.D30.B31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了作者通過兒子的俚語了解其一代人如何看待世界，以及俚語如何拉近兩代人的距離?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我兒子剛剛高中畢業(yè)，當(dāng)他秋天離家去上大學(xué)時，我會想念他在青少年俚語方面的課程。