話題25 社會(huì)進(jìn)步與人類文明 2025年高考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

話題25社會(huì)進(jìn)步與人類文明2025年高考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)目錄話題詞匯梳理壹核心詞匯突破貳教材句型遷移叁話題語篇拓展肆話題與教材教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)人教選必一U2,U5；外研選必二U3,選必三U4；北師大選必四U12核心詞匯突破

arise，advance，signal，occur，mercy，operate教材句型遷移

①nowthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句②sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句③sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句④so...that...⑤such...that...TeachingGuide話題詞匯梳理壹1.arisevi.(arose,arisen)

2.

n.十年,十年期

3.

vt.下載n.下載

4.eran.

5.fabricn.

6.governmentn.

7.mathematics(math/maths)n.

8.networkn.

vt.將……連接成網(wǎng)絡(luò);聯(lián)播vi.建立工作關(guān)系

9.occurvi.

10.

adj.有機(jī)的,綠色的;有機(jī)物的(問題或困難)出現(xiàn),發(fā)生;(由……)引起;起床,起立decadedownload時(shí)代,年代,紀(jì)元織物,布料;結(jié)構(gòu)政府,內(nèi)閣;政體;統(tǒng)治,治理數(shù)學(xué)(互聯(lián))網(wǎng)絡(luò);網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng);人際網(wǎng);電視網(wǎng)發(fā)生,出現(xiàn)organic11.

adj.可靠的;固體的;結(jié)實(shí)的n.固體;立體圖形

12.tabletn.

13.popup

14.advancen.進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展;(尤指士兵的)前進(jìn),推進(jìn)

adj.先進(jìn)的;(課程)高深的,高級的;晚期的搭配inadvance(ofsth.)

15.

n.農(nóng)業(yè),農(nóng)學(xué),農(nóng)藝

adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的

16.civiladj.文明的,有禮貌的;公民的,國民的;民用的;民事的

n.文明;(特定時(shí)期或地區(qū)的)社會(huì)文明;文明世界civiliann.

civilise(NAmE-ize)vt.

17.educatevt.(在學(xué)校)教育;教導(dǎo),指導(dǎo)

adj.受過良好教育(或訓(xùn)練)的,有教養(yǎng)的educationn.

n.教育工作者,教師educationaladj.

advanced→→→→→(時(shí)間上)在……前,預(yù)先,事先;(發(fā)展上)超前agricultureagriculturalcivilisation/civilization平民,老百姓教化,使有教養(yǎng);使開化,使文明educated(尤指學(xué)校)教育;(某一學(xué)科的)教育;教育機(jī)構(gòu),教育界人士educator教育的,有關(guān)教育的,有教育意義的→→突然出現(xiàn),冒出來solid平板電腦;藥片;(刻有文字的)碑,牌;便箋本18.electronicadj.電子的,電子器件的

n.電,電能electricadj.

electricaladj.

拓展electricalpower/energy

19.emphasizevt.強(qiáng)調(diào);使突出

n.強(qiáng)調(diào),重視,重要性

20.globen.地球,世界;地球儀

v.(使)全球化globalization(BrE-isation)n.

21.kitn.

拓展

afirstaidkit

22.mercyn.

adj.仁慈的

adj.殘忍的,無情的

23.operatevi.運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),工作;動(dòng)手術(shù);經(jīng)營vt.操作,控制v.(被)使用,(使)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

n.操作人員;接線員;經(jīng)營者operationn.

_______________________24.

n.停車位;停車

parkn.

v.停,泊

electricity→→→用電的,電動(dòng)的電的,用電的,發(fā)電的電力;電能emphasisglobalize/globalise全球化成套工具,成套設(shè)備;配套元件急救箱仁慈,寬恕;恩惠mercifulmerciless→→→operator→操作;手術(shù);企業(yè),公司;(工商業(yè))活動(dòng),業(yè)務(wù);(有組織的)活動(dòng),行動(dòng);(尤指涉及眾多人員的)軍事行動(dòng),警方行動(dòng)parking公園;專用區(qū),園區(qū);(英國)莊園,庭院;運(yùn)動(dòng)場,(尤指)棒球場→25.powern._________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

adj.有影響力的;強(qiáng)有力的;有強(qiáng)烈作用的;強(qiáng)壯的搭配cometo

power______________inpower

apower

failure________26.realadj.

n.現(xiàn)實(shí);事實(shí)

adv.真實(shí)地;的確

27.reformvt.改革,改進(jìn)v.(使)改正,改造(行為)n.改革,變革,改良

adj.改過自新的28.signaln.

v.發(fā)信號(hào),示意vt.表明,標(biāo)志;表達(dá),表示搭配signalsb.todosth.

29.technologyn.工藝,科技,技術(shù)學(xué)

adj.科技的,技術(shù)的

adv.技術(shù)上控制力,操縱力;統(tǒng)治,政權(quán);權(quán)力,職權(quán);(身體、心智的)某種能力;力量,威力;電力供應(yīng);powerful(開始)掌權(quán),上臺(tái)執(zhí)政(身體的)力量,體力;有影響力的大國停電→→真實(shí)的;正宗的;真正的realityreallyreformed信號(hào),暗號(hào);標(biāo)志;(尤指鐵路和公路上的)信號(hào)燈,紅綠燈示意某人做某事→technologicaltechnologically核心詞匯突破貳(1)我們是不是可以首先討論上次會(huì)議中產(chǎn)生的問題？Canwebeginbydiscussingmatters_____________________thelastmeeting?(2)他立刻從座位上站了起來。He__________________________immediately.(3)身體上的原因可以引起情緒或精神上的問題。Emotionalormentalproblemscan_________________aphysicalcause.(4)新危機(jī)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。_________________________________1.arisevi.（arose,arisen）出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生·arisefrom=ariseoutof由……引起/產(chǎn)生；從……中產(chǎn)生·arisefromone’schair/seat從椅子/座位上站起來

arisesfromhisseatarisingfromarisefromAnewcrisishasarisen.(1)這個(gè)主意是他在夢中想到的。Theidea____________________________.(2)她沒想到請別人幫忙。Itdidn’toccurtoher________________________.(3)這個(gè)程序可以統(tǒng)計(jì)任何單詞在文本中出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)。Theprogramcountsthenumberof_________________(occur)ofanywordwithinthetext.2.occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在·sth.occurs/occurredtosb.某人突然想起某事·Itoccursto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……·Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人突然想起做某事※occurrencen.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)

拓展注意:表示“某人突然想起……”的句式還有:sth.strike(s)/hit(s)sb.Ithits/strikessb.that.toaskforhelpoccurredtohiminadream

occurrences(1)提前訂票會(huì)便宜一些。It’scheaperifyoubookthetickets______________.(2)颶風(fēng)襲來之前，沿海地帶的人已經(jīng)撤離。Peoplewereevacuatedfromthecoastalregions__________________________.(3)要想在這一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域有進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展，我們需要更多的資金。Weneedmoremoneyifweareto________________________________thisareaofscience.3.advancen.進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展·advaneon/towardssb./sth.向某人/物前進(jìn)·inadvance預(yù)先；事先inadvanceof(時(shí)間上)提前于……makeadvances/anadvancein在……方面取得進(jìn)步※advancedadj.高級的；先進(jìn)的inadvance

inadvanceofthehurricanemakeanyfurtheradvancesin(1)她完全聽任他的擺布。Shewascompletely___________________.(2)我們受制于天氣。Wewere_________________________theweather.(3)他對激怒他的人毫不留情。Heshowedno___________tothosewhohadangeredhim.4.mercyn.仁慈；憐憫；寬恕·atthemercyof...任……擺布，受……控制·begformercy請求寬恕，求饒·havemercyonsb.憐憫某人·withoutmercy毫不憐憫地 atthemercyofathismercymercy(1)我們得給他的眼睛動(dòng)手術(shù)。Wewillhaveto_______________hiseyes.(2)她需要接受腳踝手術(shù)。She’sgoingto____________________onherankle.(3)我讓接線員把我的電話接到她的辦公室。Iaskedthe_____________________________toheroffice.5.operatev.操作；做手術(shù)·operateon/uponsb.

給某人動(dòng)手術(shù)※operatorn.（電腦）操作員；接線員※operationn.操作；手術(shù) ·come/go

intooperation開始工作(生效)

put/o

operation

實(shí)施；實(shí)行

operateonneedanoperationoperatortoputmethrough(1)他示意要我們?nèi)ニ莾骸esignalledtous___________________.(2)她示意該走了。Shesignalled(that)_______________________.(3)我們不想向投資者發(fā)出錯(cuò)誤的信號(hào)。Wedon’twantto______________________________________.6.signaln.信號(hào)；信號(hào)燈vi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào)；示意vt.表明；標(biāo)志著·signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signalsb.that...示意(某人)……·sendoutasignal發(fā)出信號(hào)atrafficsignal交通信號(hào)

tojoinhimitwastimetoleavesentoutthewrongsignaltoinvestors教材句型遷移叁①nowthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句(1)既然我們已經(jīng)開始了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，就一定要確保全部完成。________________________________________________,wemustseeitthroughtothebitterend.(2)既然大家都知道真相了，只好硬著頭皮撐過去。__________________________________________,theonlythingtodowastobrazenitout.(3)既然我們知道不會(huì)有學(xué)生，修建新學(xué)校的計(jì)劃就毫無意義。Theplansforanewschoolareadeadletter,__________________________________________________.(4)我對此較為熟悉，因?yàn)槲覀冊谡務(wù)撐覀冏约旱捏w系。Iwasonmorefamiliarground_________________________________________________.(5)由于彼此之間有了進(jìn)一步了解﹐我們相處得不錯(cuò)。______________________________________________,wegetalongfine.nowthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示既然﹐由于。nowthatweweretalkingaboutourownsystemnowthatweknowtherewillbenopupilsforitNowthateveryoneknewthetruthNowthatwehavebegunthisprojectNowthatweknoweachotheralittlebetter②sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句⑴我讓小女孩站到椅子上，好讓她看得見。___________________________________________⑵我們通過大喊和敲鍋發(fā)出噪音，以便我們能把熊嚇跑。①Wemadeloudnoisesbyyellingandbangingpots_________________________________________.②Wemadeloudnoisesbyyellingandbangingpots_________________________________.·sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，意為“以便，為了”，其從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常和can/could,may/might連用?！othat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，可以和inorderthat相互轉(zhuǎn)化，而且當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語一致時(shí)，還可以和inorderto,soasto結(jié)構(gòu)互相轉(zhuǎn)化?！othat亦可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“因此，所以”,從句中通常不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Istoodthelittlegirlonachairsothatshecouldsee.

sothat/inorderthatwecouldscarethebearawayinorderto/soastoscarethebearaway③sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句(1)他身體虛弱得幾乎站不起來了。Hewassoweak_______________________________.(2)煙霧濃得他們連門廳的對面都看不到。__________________________

thattheycouldn’tseeacrossthehallway.

(3)一切都發(fā)生得這么快﹐我都來不及去思考。____________________________________________________(4)他壓低了聲音﹐這樣多麗絲就不會(huì)聽到了。________________________________________·sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí),譯為“因此，結(jié)果”，主從句之間有時(shí)用逗號(hào)隔開。·sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句中通常有may，might，can，could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主從句不能用逗號(hào)隔開。常譯為“為的是……；以便……”thathecouldhardlystandupTherewassomuchsmokeEverythinghappenedsoquicklythatIhadn’ttimetothink.HeloweredhisvoicesoDoriscouldn’thear.④so…that…⑴瑪麗病得很重，因此我們不得不派湯姆去請醫(yī)生。Mary______________wehadtosendTomforadoctor.⑵他工作非常細(xì)心，所以未出一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。Heworked__________________hedidnotmakeasinglemistake.⑶商店里的東西太多了，不知道買什么好。Thereare_____________________________itisdifficulttoknowwhattobuy.

⑷由于天熱缺水，所以草變黃了。Thegrassreceived__________________itturnedbrownintheheat.⑸那是一本非常有趣的書，因此他難以釋手。Itwas__________________________hecouldn’tputitdown.so…that…意為“這樣（如此）……以致/因此/因而……”，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。wassoillthatsocarefullythatsomanythingsintheshopthatsolittlewaterthatsointerestingabookthat⑤such…that…·such…that…意為“這樣（如此）……以致”，such在本句型中是限定詞，作定語，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句?！uch…that…主要用于三種句型：⑴such+a/an+（單數(shù)可數(shù)）n.+that從句；⑵such+（復(fù)數(shù)名詞）n.+that從句；⑶such+（不可數(shù)）n.+that從句。⑴我們走得如此匆忙，以致忘了鎖門。______________________________________________⑵這些書很有趣，我們都喜歡看。___________________________________________________⑶天氣那么好，所以我們決定去野餐。_____________________________________________Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgettolockthedoor.Theyaresuchinterestingbooksthatweallenjoyreadingthem.Itwassuchlovelyweatherthatwedecidedtogoonapicnic.

拓展

①such...that與so...that兩句型可以互相轉(zhuǎn)化：Theyweresobusy/Theyweresuchbusymenthattheyforgottheirmeal.②such位于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語序：SuchagoodrunnerwashethatIcouldnotcatchhimup.

話題語段拓展肆一、閱讀下面語段，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)[教材改編,外研選必四U5P52]Comparingthehighly-sophisticatedcivilisationsoftheMayaandAncientChinarevealssomesurprising1.Theybothpossesseda2understandingofmathematicsandastronomy,whichhelpedthemmaintainanaccuratecalendar,andacomplex3systemthatusedsignstorepresentsoundsandmeanings.Itcanthereforebedifficulttoexplainwhy,4theirexcellentconstructionskills,theMayaneverlearnttousewheels,metaltoolsorevenanimalpower,whiletheancientChinesedid.Factssucha