新高考2025屆高考英語(yǔ)小題必練13閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題

Page10小題必練1小題必練13：閱讀理解之細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題(1)文章細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)于理解全文內(nèi)容至關(guān)重要，同時(shí)也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎(chǔ)。(2)命題人員會(huì)要求考生依據(jù)不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或精確地尋求所需的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。(3)這類試題有時(shí)比較干脆，理解字面意思即可答題；有時(shí)則較為間接，須要?dú)w納、概括和推理才能答題。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右。1.干脆信息題【典例】（2024·山東卷A篇節(jié)選）50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A.Aplaneticket.B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C.AspecialT-shirt.D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)50HonorableMentions這一段“Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”，由此可知，紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)是送的T恤，故選C?！军c(diǎn)撥】第一步：依據(jù)題干信息，選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題干脆信息題一般是對(duì)文章局部?jī)?nèi)容的考查，且題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔，所以，不必通篇細(xì)讀全文，可先通過(guò)題干信息來(lái)選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞主要是題干中的名詞，動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞，即問(wèn)題的核心信息。其次步：依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，回原文定位信息進(jìn)行比對(duì)確定了定位關(guān)鍵詞后，運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中找尋與題干有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，回到原文進(jìn)行信息定位，然后將選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文信息比對(duì)，得出正確答案。2.間接信息題【典例】（2024·山東卷B篇節(jié)選）Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(犧牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?A.Herhealth. B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation. D.Herchanceofpromotion.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“Jennifersacrificed(犧牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.”，可知，主子公為了學(xué)業(yè)，不能陪伴孩子，故選B?！军c(diǎn)撥】間接信息題相比干脆信息題，命題的隱藏性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。此類題目須要考生將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，有時(shí)還須要進(jìn)一步的加工或整理。3.數(shù)字計(jì)算題【典例】（2024·山東卷A篇節(jié)選）3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知，旅行可以攜帶兩個(gè)人，故選A。【點(diǎn)撥】數(shù)字計(jì)算題要求考生在原文中找到有關(guān)的數(shù)字信息，再對(duì)相關(guān)的信息和數(shù)字進(jìn)行分析和理解，利用加、減、乘、除等運(yùn)算方法進(jìn)行計(jì)算，確定答案。AEssayCompetitionTheaimofthiscontestistoencouragegreatstudentwritersandtogivethemaleg-upintheirstudies.PrizesOneGrandPrizewinnerwillreceive:$1,000incash;theessaypublishedinourmagazine’sMay2024issue;aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor.TenFirstPlacewinnerswillreceive:$500incash;theirnamesandessaytitleslistedinourmagazine'sMay2024issue.FiftyHonorableMentionwinnerswillreceive:a$50giftcardtoouronlineshop.Requirements*Thelengthoftheessayshouldbebetween500-700words.*Writeanessayonthetopicof:HowFoodAffectsOurMood.*Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(論點(diǎn))statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrespectedsources.*Donotwriteaboutyourselfanddon’texplainwhyyoudeservetowintheprizes.DeadlinesEarly-BirdDeadline:May4,2024--Freefortheentry.Deadline:June5,2024--$5fortheentry.ExtendedDeadline:July22，2024--$10fortheentry.1.WhatwillOneGrandPrizewinnersberewardedwith?A.Receiving$1500incash.B.Havingtheiressaytitleslistedinthemagazine.C.Receivingagiftcardtotheparticularonlineshop.D.Gaininganopportunitytomeetthemagazine'sauthor.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)“aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor”可知，特等獎(jiǎng)將有和雜志主編見面的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。2.Whichofthefollowingmeetstherequirements?A.Writinganessayofmorethan800words.B.Submittinganessayaboutfoodnutrition.C.Expressingyourstrongdesiretogettheaward.D.Supportingyourreasonswithcredibleevidence.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位到“Requirements”部分,“Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(論點(diǎn))statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrespectedsources.”請(qǐng)?jiān)谖恼轮黧w部分，寫出3個(gè)論據(jù)來(lái)支撐你的論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)要從可信度高的資料中獲得，要是好用的證據(jù)。故選D。3.Whencanyousubmityouressayforfree?A.June4,2024.B.May25,2024. C.March4,2024.D.July25,2024.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位到“Deadlines”部分，“Early-BirdDeadline:May4,2024--Freefortheentry.”可知20242年5月4日以前是免費(fèi)的，故選C。BWhen17-year-oldWolfCukieracceptedaninternship(實(shí)習(xí))atNASA'sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter,heexpectedtobechallengedandgaininsightsintopursuingacareerinphysics.Instead,thehighschooljuniorattainedworldwidefameforanachievement—findinganewplanet!Theteenagerwastaskedwithexaminingimagesofthechangesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem.“Iwasprettymuchspendingmysummerlookingatdataandimagesonacomputerscreen,”Cukiersaid.“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastareclipse(遮光)butthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet.”Anditwasnoordinaryplaneteither.FurtherresearchbyCukierandateamofscientistsfromGoddardrevealedthatTOI1338b,asitisnowcalled,isarareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars.Cukier,afanofStarWars,comparesittoTatooineinthemovie.“It'sverymuchlikeTatooine,atleasthowthestarswouldappearinthesky.So,itwouldalsohaveadoublesunset.”Theresearchers,whoshowedtheirfindingsonJanuary6,2024,believethatTOI1338bisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.ItisalsotheonlyplanetintheTOI1338system,whichlies1,300light-yearsawayfromtheearth.TheexpertsstatethatTOI1338b'stwostars,whichorbiteachotherevery15days,varyinsize.Talkingabouthisdiscovery,Cukiersaysitwasbothluckand“puttinginthehardwork”thatledtohisdiscovery.“Yes,whatIdidisimpressive,butitalsodidn'ttakethatmanyspecialskills.So,ifsomeoneisinterestedinscience,likemyage,andeveniftheydon'thavetraining,theyshouldstilljustreachouttoresearchersandfindsomethingthattheycandobecausealmostanyonecanlookthroughdata.Itjusthappenedtobeme,whosawthisone.”Asforhisfuture,Cukierplanstostudyeitherphysicsorastrophysicsincollege.HehopestoattendStanford,PrincetonorMITnextautumn.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章通過(guò)介紹一位美國(guó)中學(xué)生在NASA實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)，通過(guò)查看數(shù)據(jù)與圖像，發(fā)覺一顆特殊的行星，這顆行星同時(shí)圍繞兩顆恒星旋轉(zhuǎn)。中學(xué)生還幽默地將這顆行星與電影中的行星做比較。最終，中學(xué)生表達(dá)了對(duì)天文學(xué)的酷愛和今后的職業(yè)規(guī)劃。主題貼近學(xué)生生活，對(duì)學(xué)生有教化意義。4.HowdidWolfCukierfeelwhenhefirstsawthesignalfromTOI1338b?A.Hewasoverjoyed.B.Hewaspuzzled.C.Hewasworried.D.Hewasuninterested.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。把題干中的“HowdidWolfCukierfeel”與第一、二段的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行匹配；從其次段中的“Aboutthreedaysintomyinternship,IsawasignalfromasystemcalledTOI1338.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasastareclipsebutthetimingwaswrong.Itturnedouttobeaplanet.”可知，起先主子公以為是恒星的遮光，但與時(shí)間又不符。這說(shuō)明WolfCukier在剛看到圖像信息時(shí)是困惑的。故選B。5.WhatisspecialaboutTOI1338b?A.ItwasfoundbyNASAscientists.B.Itcirclesaroundtwostars.C.ItresemblesTatooineinthesolarsystem.D.Itisabout6.9timeslargerthantheearth.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。解除選項(xiàng)A，文本第一段表明是一位中學(xué)生在NASA實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)最早洞察到新行星的，而不是美國(guó)航天局的科學(xué)家；選擇選項(xiàng)B，文本第三段中的“arareplanet—aworldorbitingtwostars”說(shuō)明其特殊之處；解除選項(xiàng)C，文本其次段中的“examiningimagesofthechangesinstarbrightnessinsearchofevidenceofplanetsoutsideoursolarsystem”，說(shuō)明新行星不屬于太陽(yáng)系；解除選項(xiàng)D，文本第三段中提到了行星的大小，但不是其特殊之處。故選B。6.WhatdoesWolfCukierthinkleadstohisdiscovery?A.Hisaffectionforstarwarsmovies.B.HavinganinternshipatNASA.C.Hisluckanddevotion.D.Hisspecialskillsandtraining.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Cukiersaysitwasbothluckand‘puttinginthehardwork’thatledtohisdiscovery”可知C項(xiàng)正確。故選C。7.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Amoviereview.B.Aphysicspaper.C.Asciencefiction.D.Anewspaperreport.【答案】D【解析】推理推斷題。通讀本短文內(nèi)容可知，這是一篇“新聞報(bào)道”。A選項(xiàng)為“電影影評(píng)”，解除；B選項(xiàng)為“物理學(xué)論文”，解除；C選項(xiàng)為“科幻小說(shuō)”，解除。故選D。CDecidingtogethermoney’sworthoutoftheweddingdressonwhichshespentover$1,000,anAustralianwomanhasbeenwearingherweddingdress,ayearafterherwedding.43-year-oldTammyHalladoptedanewlifestyle-anti-consumerism(反消費(fèi)主義)lifestylein2024,afteratriptoIndiaopenedhereyestohowmuchweasasocietyconsumed.ShedecidednottobuyanynewclothesorfootwearforawholeyearaftershereturnedhometoAdelaide,inSouthernAustralia,andshemanagedtomakeit.Butlastyear,asherweddingdayapproached,shefacedadilemma.Shewantedtolookgoodonthemostimportantdayofherlife,buthowcouldshespendasmallfortuneontheweddingdressshewouldonlywearonthatday?"IntheendIdecidedthatifIwasgoingtogetaweddingdress,I'dmakesureIcouldgetmymoney'sworth,"HalltellsPARealLife."ThefirsttimeIworeitaftertheweddingwastovoteintheAustralianelectioninearly2024,"the43-year-oldadds."Sincethen,it'sbeentoallsortsofplaces.Wearingitonacrowdedtrainwasespeciallyfunny,butI'vewornittodohousework,tofootballgamesandtothegym."Hallsaysthatshehasgottensomestrangelooksfrompeople,butnoirritating（令人生氣的）comments.Itmayhavesomethingtodowiththefactthatthedressisnotthefanciest,butshebelievespeoplearejusttooreservedtosayanything.Anyway,shedoesn'treallycare,becausesheknowsshehastohitthegoalshehassetandwearingthedressmultipletimesisthemostreasonablewayshecouldthinkoftomakethemostofherweddingdress.HallnowplanstowearherweddingdressonatriptoIcelandthatsheandherpartnerwilltakenextsummer.語(yǔ)篇解讀：這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講解并描述了，一位反消費(fèi)主義觀念的澳大利亞婦女，為了避開奢侈，結(jié)婚后始終穿婚紗做各種事，她認(rèn)為多次穿上這件婚紗是利用婚紗最合理的方式。8.WhydidTammyHalladoptanewlifestyle?A.ToadaptherselftoIndianlife. B.Tocutdownherconsumption.C.Tosavemoneyforhernexttrip. D.Togetpreparedforherwedding.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞TammyHall和anewlifestyle可將答案定位到其次段。由其次段的句子可知，43歲的TammyHall接受了一種新的生活方式——反消費(fèi)主義，因?yàn)榇饲耙淮斡《戎凶屗吹搅宋覀冞@個(gè)社會(huì)消費(fèi)了多少東西，回到Adelaide后，她確定一整年不買任何新衣服或新鞋，說(shuō)明她認(rèn)為社會(huì)存在過(guò)度消費(fèi)，所以接受反消費(fèi)主義并縮減消費(fèi)。故選B項(xiàng)。9.WhatdidTammyHalldotogethermoney'sworthoutofherweddingdress?A.Shebroughtfuntopeoplewithit. B.Shetriedtowearittoearnmoney.C.Sheworeitrepeatedlyindailylife. D.Shegotitexchangedagainandagain.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段和第五段可知，為了確保從婚紗中得到價(jià)值，婚禮后她穿婚紗去2024年初的澳大利亞大選中投票，從那以后，她穿婚紗去過(guò)各種各樣的地方，在擁擠的火車，做家務(wù)、踢足球和健身；可知TammyHall在日常生活中穿婚紗。故選C項(xiàng)。10.WhatcanweinferaboutTammyHall?A.Sheisdeterminedtoturnherideasintopractice.B.Shevaluesherweddingdresslessthanhertrips.C.Shehasbeenstrugglingtomaketheendsmeet.D.Shehasinfluencedpeople'slifestylewidely.【答案】A【解析】推理推斷題。由其次段“ShedecidednottobuyanynewclothesorfootwearforawholeyearaftershereturnedhometoAdelaide,inSouthernAustralia,andshemanagedtomakeit.”第四段“IntheendIdecidedthatifIwasgoingtogetaweddingdress,I'dmakesureIcouldgetmymoney'sworth”和倒數(shù)其次段“Anyway,shedoesn'treallycare,becausesheknowsshehastohitthegoalshehassetandwearingthedressmultipletimesisthemostreasonablewayshecouldthinkoftomakethemostofherweddingdress.”推斷出TammyHall是一個(gè)能把想法付諸實(shí)踐的人。故選A項(xiàng)。DPoetryContestPoetryContestDeadline:Monday,November23,2024Sponsoredby:FunomMakamaContestDescription?18poemsofthemaximum35allowedtobeenteredhavebeenentered.?Carefullyreadthesamplepoembyvisitingourwebsiteatcobuild.collins.co.uk.?TakenoteofALLthemeters/patters/sequenceusedinthesamplepoem.WhattoSubmit?Anoriginalpoemonanythemeandofanytitle,publishednotearlierthanthe25thofOctober,2024,thispoemMUSTfollowallthemeters/patters/sequenceyou'vekeenlyobservedinthesamplepoem.Beneathyourpoemshouldbethecontestname,sponsor'snameanddateofpublication.PreparingYourEntrySubmitonecopyofyourpoemonline.Formatyourpoem.Pleasemakeyourentryeasytoreadnoillustrationsorfancyfonts(字體).EnglishLanguagePoemsshouldbeinEnglish.Poemstranslatedfromotherlanguagesarenotqualified,