2024年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解考點(diǎn)講解含解析

閱讀理解Ⅰ.閱讀理解題策略一、先看題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。即先看試題，再讀文章。閱讀題干，首先要駕馭問(wèn)題的類型，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀推斷題。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地解除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。二、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。近幾年的高考閱讀速度大約是每分鐘40詞左右。必需在特別有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕獲時(shí)空、依次、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。速讀全文對(duì)于主旨大意題的解決尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，確定好答案。三、詳讀細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，理順?biāo)悸放c文章脈絡(luò)。文章絕不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者為文，有脈可循。如記敘文多以人物為中心，以時(shí)間或空間為線索，按事務(wù)的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局綻開(kāi)故事；爭(zhēng)論文則包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過(guò)說(shuō)明、舉例來(lái)闡述觀點(diǎn)。四、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。深層理解主要包括歸納概括題(中心思想，加標(biāo)題等)和推理推斷題，是閱讀理解中的難點(diǎn)。深層理解是一種創(chuàng)建性的思維活動(dòng)。它必需忠實(shí)于原文，以文章供應(yīng)的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知推斷未知，不能憑空想像，隨意揣測(cè)；讀者要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。五、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。猜詞是應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)閱讀的重要實(shí)力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但須要精確無(wú)誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，駕馭或相識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)“順藤摸瓜”，通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法，語(yǔ)法，定義，同位語(yǔ)，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。Ⅱ.閱讀理解常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題及緣由分析問(wèn)題一：已經(jīng)找對(duì)了題干與原文對(duì)應(yīng)處，為何還做錯(cuò)？緣由：①精確定位：要看清真正的問(wèn)題，即用信息詞定位之后，要看清句子邏輯關(guān)系，弄清意思。②學(xué)會(huì)看選項(xiàng)的方法：a．找最貼近原文意思的選項(xiàng)；b．去除選項(xiàng)間的相同信息，特地關(guān)注區(qū)分點(diǎn)；c．分清褒貶；d．分清程度大小，劇烈關(guān)注選項(xiàng)中表內(nèi)容的單詞；e．看清范圍，分清是整體還是局部。高頻考點(diǎn)一正確選項(xiàng)特征在閱讀理解的備考過(guò)程中，明確閱讀理解常設(shè)選項(xiàng)的特征是快速精確鎖定答案的關(guān)鍵。高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的正確選項(xiàng)一般通過(guò)以下途徑設(shè)置：關(guān)鍵詞干脆復(fù)現(xiàn)：干脆復(fù)現(xiàn)類可從問(wèn)題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查閱的技巧快速定位即可。此類題目較為簡(jiǎn)潔，考查頻率不高。對(duì)原文關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換、正話反說(shuō)和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)概括：此類題目需對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行精確理解并簡(jiǎn)潔推理，視察詞義、詞性及語(yǔ)態(tài)的變更。這是命題人常用的設(shè)題方式，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)駕馭英語(yǔ)的多種表達(dá)法。一、同義轉(zhuǎn)述從近幾年的高考題來(lái)看，細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題不僅數(shù)量有所增加，而且難度也稍有加大，主要表現(xiàn)為題目信息與原文信息表達(dá)方式不一樣。命題人一般會(huì)對(duì)文章細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)加以轉(zhuǎn)述來(lái)考查考生精確理解細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的實(shí)力。轉(zhuǎn)述的主要方式有以下三種：1．同義詞轉(zhuǎn)化：把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞，設(shè)為正確選項(xiàng)。2．詞性或語(yǔ)態(tài)等的變更：把原文中的詞變換一下詞性，或者變更原文句子的語(yǔ)態(tài)，用另一種表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)述原文信息。3．語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)化概括：把原文中的困難語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化或概括成為正確答案。例1.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B．It’llreachconsumerssoon.C．It’llbemadeofplastics.D．It’llhelpspeeduptyping.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)上段中的最終一句“Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.”可知，該探討團(tuán)隊(duì)希望在不久的將來(lái)將智能鍵盤(pán)推向市場(chǎng)，故選B。二、正話反說(shuō)正話反說(shuō)是閱讀理解題目中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，通常有以下幾個(gè)高頻考向：1．Itlooks/soundslike/asif類：表示看/聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎是，事實(shí)上并不是。2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣句：用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表述與事實(shí)相反的狀況，讓讀者推斷事實(shí)內(nèi)容。3．讓步論述：先假設(shè)作者的觀點(diǎn)反面成立，從而引出一系列荒謬的、不合理的結(jié)果，倒過(guò)來(lái)證明作者觀點(diǎn)的正確性。4．反問(wèn)句。例2.(2024·北京卷)Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.38．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused.C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.【答案】D【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)上段中的“Bythetimethese‘solutions’(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可知，等到這些“解決方案”被廣泛運(yùn)用時(shí)，不法分子就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向更聰慧的手段；由此可推知作者對(duì)自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音電話問(wèn)題的解決方案感到很悲觀，D項(xiàng)意為“悲觀的”，故選D。3.理解概括閱讀理解除了考查考生對(duì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)信息的精確理解外，還要求考生通過(guò)思維分析將信息進(jìn)行歸納概括，使之系統(tǒng)化、條理化。例3.(2024·浙江卷)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(資源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】A【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)全文可知，文章主要講解并描述了美國(guó)加州森林中大樹(shù)數(shù)量急劇下降的現(xiàn)象，并分析了其緣由。因此A項(xiàng)能很好地概括全文。故選A。高頻考點(diǎn)二干擾項(xiàng)特征高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)就是命題人用以干擾考生思維的陷阱。高考英語(yǔ)中，由于詞匯量的限制，選擇的文章不能過(guò)難。命題人就在問(wèn)題和干擾項(xiàng)上做文章，使考生即使能基本讀懂文章，也不能輕松做對(duì)題目?，F(xiàn)在的干擾項(xiàng)不僅語(yǔ)言困難，而且欺瞞性強(qiáng)，兩個(gè)語(yǔ)言水平相當(dāng)、對(duì)文章理解程度相差不大的考生會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)干擾項(xiàng)的辨別實(shí)力不同，而影響答題的精確率。為了提高辨別錯(cuò)誤和干擾信息的實(shí)力，有必要分析干擾項(xiàng)的種種特征，使考生在命題人設(shè)置的種種陷阱前，做到心中有數(shù)。一、偷梁換柱干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話相像的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞，造成句意的變更。例1.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·D片段)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.32．Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A．Unkind. B．Lonely.C．Generous. D．Cool.【答案】C【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)上段的第一句“Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.”可知，作者在小學(xué)時(shí)樂(lè)于共享。unkind“不友好的”，lonely“孤獨(dú)的”，generous“慷慨的，大方的”，cool“酷的”，故選C。二、張冠李戴干擾項(xiàng)表述的內(nèi)容在原文里可以找到信息依據(jù)，但與題干所問(wèn)的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者不一樣。不留意動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)的差異，張冠李戴，極易造成誤選。例2.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan,aboutQueenElizabethⅡoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld,236W．45thSt.212-239-6200.)2．WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A．HelenMirren. B．PeterMorgan.C．DylanBaker. D．StephenDaldry.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題干問(wèn)的是“誰(shuí)執(zhí)導(dǎo)了TheAudience？”。依據(jù)該部分中的“StephenDaldrydirects.”可知答案。三、確定化表達(dá)干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)如all,none,everyone,each,everything,impossible等確定化的表達(dá)，一般不符合客觀事實(shí)和原文信息。例3.(2024·江蘇卷)Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupinternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.62．TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________．A．takepeople’sessentialneedsintoaccountB．maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC．ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD．providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities【答案】A【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)上段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通過(guò)事例說(shuō)明捐贈(zèng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮人們的基本需求，而不要片面地認(rèn)為有了高科技產(chǎn)品，受贈(zèng)者的生活水平就會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大飛躍。故選A。四、顛倒邏輯干擾項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義邏輯的混亂，即原文中出現(xiàn)的是A引起B(yǎng),而選項(xiàng)中是B引起A，考生可能看到了文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的詞語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有細(xì)探討其邏輯意義，從而造成誤選。例4.(2024·江蘇卷)Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.61．Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________．A．a(chǎn)lackofconfidenceintechnologyB．a(chǎn)slowprogressintechnologyC．a(chǎn)conflictorpublicopinionsD．a(chǎn)wasteoflimitedresources【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)上段中的“However，theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知，對(duì)新技術(shù)影響的誤判導(dǎo)致了對(duì)稀缺資源的誤用，故選D?！靖呖碱}型解讀】題型一、主旨大意題1．主旨大意題常分為兩類：(1)選出文章最佳標(biāo)題；(2)概括文章或段落大意。2．主旨大意題主要考查對(duì)文章進(jìn)行概括或總結(jié)的實(shí)力，它要求在閱讀短文時(shí)，能夠提煉文章的中心思想，體會(huì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括實(shí)力，透過(guò)字里行間獲得文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。研讀近幾年高考閱讀理解，可以發(fā)覺(jué)對(duì)主旨大意類的考查占有相當(dāng)重要的地位?！痉椒记伞恐髦即笠忸}的三種思路：①找尋主題句，確定文章大意。在很多狀況下，尤其是在閱讀說(shuō)明文和爭(zhēng)論文時(shí)，依據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過(guò)找尋短文的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種狀況：開(kāi)頭、中間、結(jié)尾(或在開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句)，因此，細(xì)致閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨概括類試題多采納閱讀法，即閱讀文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重點(diǎn)搜尋主題信息。②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。找尋整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在找尋各段落中心句的基礎(chǔ)上。各段落中心句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，不能僅依據(jù)只言片語(yǔ)或某一段落，而應(yīng)當(dāng)視察全文的結(jié)構(gòu)支配，理解文章濃墨重筆的“重心”，考慮文章的材料及支撐性細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)是服務(wù)于什么，分析故事情節(jié)圍繞什么發(fā)展，最終用簡(jiǎn)明扼要的文字將文章的中心思想表達(dá)出來(lái)。③抓住文章主線和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，歸納文章中心。不是全部的段落都有主題句，有時(shí)主題句隱含在段落中。閱讀這樣的文章，就須要自己依據(jù)文章的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)分析，繼而概括出段落的主題，推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。例1、(2024·江蘇卷·D)The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer’s(阿爾茲海默癥).Hewaslosinghismemory.Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthiringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.Naomi,Melissa’sbestfriendandatalentedpianist,gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.“Whydothis？”Stevewondered.“Becauseshecares，”Melissasaid.Stevenodded,tearsineye.NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.ShetoldSteveshe’dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepiano.Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses,heartsinking.ButStevepressedon,playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.“Itwasbeautiful，”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescueit.ThemusicwassillinSteveGoodwin.Itwashiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.Hestoodbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.SteveandNaomispokeinmusicalcode:lines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn’tplayit.WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday,Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording,arecordingoflossandlove,ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower.”Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts.Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpersonal,songs.WithNaomi’shelp,theGoodwinfamilyfoundasoundengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve’ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.Inthemonthsleadinguptothe2024OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert,Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind:“MelancholyFlower.”ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoaskSteve’spermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.Aftertheconcert,NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve’smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpublic.ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow,morethan300peoplehadsaidtheywouldattend.Bythen,Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，敘述了Steve在家人、摯友的幫助下與病魔賽跑及眾人努力挽救可能失傳的“獨(dú)家音樂(lè)”的感人故事。65．WhydidMelissawanttosaveherfather’smusic?A．Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.B．Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.C．Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedinthefamily.D．Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段可知，父親Steve是一位鋼琴愛(ài)好者，是家里唯一一位音樂(lè)家，再依據(jù)第三段中的“feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,towhichshefellasleepeachnightwhenshewasyoung”可知，父親Steve的音樂(lè)陪伴了Melissa的成長(zhǎng)，因此Melissa覺(jué)得它對(duì)于這個(gè)家庭來(lái)說(shuō)有著特殊的意義，值得被保存，故本題答案為C。66．AfterhearingSteve’splaying,Naomi________．A．refusedtomakeacommentonitB．wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusicC．decidedtofreeStevefromsufferingD．regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第十段“‘Itwasbeautiful，’Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.‘Themusicwasworthsaving.’”可知，聽(tīng)完他的演奏之后，Naomi對(duì)他的音樂(lè)很是贊許，故本題答案為B。67．HowcantheprocessofSteve’srecordingbedescribed?A．Itwasslowbutproductive.B．Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.C．ItwastiresomeforNaomi.D．ItwasvitalforNaomi’scareer.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第十二段中的“NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandspenthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.”及第十四段中的“WorkingwithNaomididwondersforSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.”可知，音樂(lè)的錄制過(guò)程緩慢，但是有成效，故本題答案為A。68．BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower，”hiswifeJoni________．A．thoughtthemusictalentofStevewasexhaustedB．didn’texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtaboutC．didn’tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusband’smusicD．broughtherhusband’smusiccareertoperfection【答案】C【解析】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第十五段中的“Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonicalledhim‘honey’andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturepiece.”可知，在Steve進(jìn)行音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作時(shí)，他泄氣過(guò)，甚至說(shuō)過(guò)要放棄，而他的妻子Joni仍舊激勵(lì)他和表?yè)P(yáng)他，并稱這會(huì)是他的“簽名之作”。由signature一般表示“(文件結(jié)尾的)簽名”可推知，Joni認(rèn)為這會(huì)是她丈夫最終的創(chuàng)作，她之前并沒(méi)有想到丈夫的音樂(lè)會(huì)有被公開(kāi)演奏的一天。再結(jié)合下文中Steve的音樂(lè)在音樂(lè)會(huì)上被演奏并得到認(rèn)可及其對(duì)Steve的影響的內(nèi)容可知，Joni之前并沒(méi)有完全相識(shí)到Steve的音樂(lè)的價(jià)值或其主動(dòng)作用。故本題答案為C。69．HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland?A．Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.B．Hesensedaresponsibilityformusic.C．Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.D．Hegotintoastateofquiet.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終兩段的內(nèi)容尤其是倒數(shù)其次段中的“Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.”可知，在音樂(lè)會(huì)上，他心情很安靜。故本題答案為D。70．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．TheKindnessofFriendsB．ThePowerofMusicC．TheMakingofaMusicianD．TheValueofDetermination【答案】B【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。音樂(lè)讓Steve在家人、摯友的幫助下綻開(kāi)了一場(chǎng)與病魔賽跑的接力賽，因此ThePowerofMusic適合作文章的標(biāo)題。題型二、細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題1．此類題型一般分兩種狀況；干脆事實(shí)題(在原文中可干脆找到答案，常見(jiàn)的類型有對(duì)號(hào)入座題、是非推斷題、語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換題、表格理解題等)以及間接事實(shí)題(須要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)意上的轉(zhuǎn)換)。2．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。有些問(wèn)題，考生可以干脆從文中找到明確的答案，但有些則須要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行處理，如計(jì)算、排序、推斷、比較等?！炯记蓺w納】做事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題最基本也最常用的方法是題干定位法。一般在原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定答案。此類題通常用一些疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)提問(wèn)，或是推斷正誤?！咎厥馓崾尽考?xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題的三個(gè)步驟：①閱讀全文，了解信息?？焖偻ㄗx全文，大致了解不同信息間的差異，為解決問(wèn)題做好信息儲(chǔ)備。②抓關(guān)鍵詞，快速尋讀。依據(jù)題目要求，從題干中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)，以此為線索，通過(guò)略讀和尋讀的方法快速而精確地在文章中找尋與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的信息，找到后細(xì)致閱讀，反復(fù)品嘗，細(xì)致比較選項(xiàng)和文中細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，在精確理解該細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的前提下，解除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定答案。③回讀信息，驗(yàn)證答案。確定答案后，必需回讀原文，再一次依據(jù)原文中的信息對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。總之，對(duì)于細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，我們要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀、查讀等技巧，在文章中找尋與此問(wèn)題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句，細(xì)致品嘗，比照比較，確定答案。例2.(2024·江蘇卷·A)Whateveryourageorinterests,Buxtonhassomethingtoseeordotomakeyourvisittrulymemorable.High_energyIfyoudesirephysicalactivities,youcanchooseactivitiesfromswimmingtohorseriding.ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.Anddon’tforget:wearesurroundedbyanaturalplaygroundjustperfectforwalking,caving,climbingandcycling.High_mindedBuxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltasteswithart,music,operaandtheperformingartsatBuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreandGreenManGallery.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved,includingworkshopsandevents.Keeping_the_kids_happyChildrenlovethesmalltrainandplaygroundsinthePavilionGardensandthere’splentymoretoexploreattheBuxtonMuseum.There’sanewindoorplaycentre,plusthespecialeventsandworkshops,andothersduringschoolholidayperiods.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了巴克斯頓(Buxton)令人難忘的景點(diǎn)及活動(dòng)。56．Ifyouwanttotakeanundergroundjourney,whichplaceisthebestchoice?A．Poole’sCavern.B．PavilionGardens.C．BuxtonMuseum.D．GreenManGallery.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)High_energy部分中的“ExploretheheightswithGoApe,thehighwireforestadventurecourse,orjourneybeneaththeearthatPoole’sCavern.”可知，假如你想進(jìn)行地下之旅，可選擇Poole’sCavern。57．BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentreisspecialbecauseitoffers________.A．ridesinsmalltrainsB．coursesinmodernartsC．a(chǎn)rtisticandculturalactivitiesD．basiccoursesinhorseriding【答案】C【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)High_minded部分中的“Buxtonisjustifiablyproudofitsculturallifeandyou’llfindmuchtosuitalltastes...Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforthecreativepersontobecomeinvolved”可知，BuxtonOperaHouse&PavilionArtsCentre很特殊的緣由是它供應(yīng)多種文化藝術(shù)活動(dòng)。題型三、詞義揣測(cè)題1．詞義揣測(cè)題的常見(jiàn)形式：(1)干脆對(duì)某個(gè)生疏的詞匯進(jìn)行理解；(2)對(duì)文中的某個(gè)代詞確認(rèn)指代的對(duì)象；(3)對(duì)多義詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行文中含義的精確定義；(4)對(duì)英語(yǔ)中特有的表達(dá)、格言、諺語(yǔ)等進(jìn)行干脆的或說(shuō)明性的描述。2．詞義揣測(cè)題是從特定的角度考查考生的閱讀理解和處理生詞的實(shí)力，它包括對(duì)詞、詞組和句意的理解。詞義揣測(cè)不僅是一項(xiàng)閱讀技巧，也是高考閱讀實(shí)力考查的一個(gè)方面?！痉椒记伞吭~義揣測(cè)題的三大突破1．依據(jù)定義揣測(cè)詞義。假如生詞由定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)(同位語(yǔ)前常有or，similarly，thatistosay，inratherwords，namely，orrather，say等)或同位語(yǔ)從句來(lái)定義，或運(yùn)用破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)后的內(nèi)容或引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容加以說(shuō)明，理解這些定義或說(shuō)明就是在理解詞義。2．依據(jù)對(duì)比、比較關(guān)系揣測(cè)詞義。在一個(gè)句子或段落中如有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或兩種現(xiàn)象的對(duì)比性描述，我們可以從生詞的對(duì)立面揣測(cè)其詞義。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，inspiteof，incontrast等。表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的句子結(jié)構(gòu)有：while引導(dǎo)的并列句。表示比較關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)主要有：similarly，like，justas，also，aswellas等。3．通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法揣測(cè)詞義。生詞的前綴、后綴、復(fù)合詞的各部分，詞性的變更都可以示意出詞義。留意①不管這個(gè)詞多超綱，依據(jù)上下文都能得出其意思；②不管這個(gè)詞多熟識(shí)，都要通過(guò)上下文得出其在特定場(chǎng)合的意思。例3.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“-ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,_Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses. B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes. D．Sillyjokes.【答案】A【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競(jìng)選演說(shuō)激勵(lì)同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)贊美自己。文中ChrisPalaez的母語(yǔ)不是英語(yǔ)，他學(xué)英語(yǔ)才三年多，說(shuō)話不流利，而且他在演講時(shí)特別驚慌，所以說(shuō)話磕磕絆絆，故選A?！九e一反三】(2024·北京卷)AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(責(zé)任與維護(hù)問(wèn)題).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Employed. B．Replaced.C．Shared. D．Reduced.【答案】A【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。利用構(gòu)詞法解題。field常用作名詞，表示“場(chǎng)地，領(lǐng)域”，此處用作動(dòng)詞，引申為“運(yùn)用，應(yīng)用”。依據(jù)上段中畫(huà)線詞所在句的前半部分內(nèi)容“Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainly”并結(jié)合下句中的“asthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology”可知，隨著價(jià)格的降低以及人們對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)起先應(yīng)用自如，第一批上市的無(wú)人駕駛車輛會(huì)“被應(yīng)用”到“叫車服務(wù)”中。故選A?！咀兪教骄俊?2024·北京卷)Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,wheretheypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)intotheoceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerabletotheocean’swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalsonutrients.43．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.【答案】A【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)上段尾句“Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplanktongrowth...butalsonutrients.”可知，溫度變更對(duì)phytoplankton有很大的影響；由此可推知phytoplankton對(duì)海洋的溫度很敏感。故選A?！九e一反三】(2024·江蘇卷·B)Inthe1960s，whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark，BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat，oddly，hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that’swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn’tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth，allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn’tfindthecalderaanywhere.JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos，herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。20世紀(jì)60年頭，BobChristiansen在探討黃石國(guó)家公園的火山歷史時(shí)，對(duì)一件以前從未困擾過(guò)任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公園里的火山。58．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn’tfindthepark’svolcano”可知，BobChristiansen對(duì)黃石國(guó)家公園的火山位置感到困惑。59．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.【答案】A【解析】段落大意題。依據(jù)其次段內(nèi)容尤其是其中的“Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofFujiorKilimanjaro”和“asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn’tinvolvemountainbuilding...avasthole”可知，該段主要講兩類火山的形態(tài)。60．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot-airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird’sview.【答案】C【解析】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線詞前的“NASAdecidedto...bytakingparagraphsofYellowstone”和本段中的“AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.”可知，NASA拍攝了黃石國(guó)家公園的照片，Christiansen在照片上看到公園的全景。由此可推知，blow-up意為“放大的照片”。題型四、推理推斷題1．推理推斷題的考查形式通常為：推斷隱含含義；推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)和看法；推斷寫(xiě)作目的和意圖；推斷文章的出處；推斷文章中人物的性格看法等。2．推理推斷題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所供應(yīng)的信息動(dòng)身，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助確定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、推斷的實(shí)力?！痉椒记伞客评硗茢囝}的五大技巧：1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，如關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、推斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。2．整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷。做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)須要在弄懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的信息，綜合推理推斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。3．利用語(yǔ)境的褒貶性進(jìn)行推斷。幾乎每篇文章的語(yǔ)境都有確定的褒貶性，它反映了主子公的特定心理和心情狀態(tài)及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，因此利用好這一點(diǎn)，就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)行精確的邏輯推斷。4．依據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的看法。作者的思想傾向和感情色調(diào)往往隱含在文章的字里行間，在推斷過(guò)程中，應(yīng)特殊留意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色調(diào)的形容詞。5．依據(jù)上下文的邏輯得出結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格依據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是依據(jù)自己的閱歷、看法、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。例4.(2024·江蘇卷·C)Whocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheinternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolutionrepresentedbytheinternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè)),withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeinternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.Thishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandinternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashio