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專題29短文填空
備戰(zhàn)2024年中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)之語法
講義
自由填空
把知識(shí)測(cè)試全部放在語篇中進(jìn)行,旨在考查考生在語篇中綜合運(yùn)用語言知識(shí)的能力。它不但要求考生
有扎實(shí)的詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和對(duì)句型結(jié)構(gòu)的靈活運(yùn)用能力,而且還要求考生有良好的語感和一定的閱
讀理解能力。
自由填空是中考短文填空中難度最大的,這種題目因題型的開放性和綜合性而備受關(guān)注。試題特點(diǎn)是
一篇短文挖空8—10個(gè)單詞,且沒有任何提示,讓考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容自由填詞,難度較大,主觀性較強(qiáng),
有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)多種答案。
滿分技巧
1.解題步驟:
(1)快速瀏覽,了解大意。對(duì)于簡單把握的空,可以先填出來;
(2)上下求索,填出答案。根據(jù)上下文及空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系,填出正確的詞以及正確的形式;
(3)通讀全文,檢查確認(rèn)。特別要注意,根據(jù)文章意思,有些空是否要加入否定前綴。
無提示詞的空格一般需要填入冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞(并列連詞和從屬連詞)等虛詞。
(1)名詞前面一般用冠詞、代詞或介詞等。
(2)如果需要填入代詞,就要考慮到是人稱代詞的主格、賓格或物主代詞的變化、指示代詞的用法;
(3)并列的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞,短語,或句子之間設(shè)空,一般填入并列連詞and,but,or等;
(4)兩句之間,如果不是并列句,則很可能是主從句,因此需要填入從屬連詞(what,which,who,how,
when等)?;蛘呤琴e語從句,定語從句或者是狀語從句的連接詞。這種空格需要同學(xué)們根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),分析
到底是什么從句,從而選擇合適的從屬連詞。
首字母填空
首字母填空是根據(jù)句意和已給出的首字母,在句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,使句子意思完整,語法
正確的一種題型。該題型既考查學(xué)生的單詞記憶和拼寫能力,又考查學(xué)生對(duì)句子的理解和運(yùn)用能力。
滿分技巧
1.跳過空格,不看選項(xiàng),快速地閱讀全文,從整體上感知全文,掌握大意,了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。
快速閱讀時(shí)寧粗勿細(xì),切忌只盯住一個(gè)句子倉促解題,這樣勢(shì)必因胸?zé)o全局而誤入歧途。快速閱讀時(shí),
還要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞,這些詞在文中起支撐骨架的功能,抓住了關(guān)鍵詞就抓住了故事的線索。特別是要重
視首句,善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn),理清文脈,推測(cè)全文時(shí)態(tài)、主題及大意。
2.復(fù)讀短文,確定語義,判斷詞形。
把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí),先確定空格處所需詞語的
意義,再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語搭配
和語法規(guī)則,判斷所填詞的正確形式。如短文難度較大,尤其是難于選詞時(shí),從本句的前后觀察中一時(shí)尚
不得要領(lǐng),就要進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大到上下文中分析。
3.三讀短文,上下參照,驗(yàn)證答案。
在短文的空白處分別填上一個(gè)詞后,將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。可從上下文內(nèi)
容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章,語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。
選詞填空
選詞填空是指把一篇文章的關(guān)鍵詞語挖空,詞序打亂,讓學(xué)生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確的詞語填空。此
類題型主要是要求學(xué)生在正確理解和把握文章的基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析行文線索來填寫空缺單詞,補(bǔ)全短文。
滿分技巧
短文填詞答題技巧口訣
空前空后要注意,名詞單復(fù)要牢記。要有's不能棄。
動(dòng)詞注意要變形,皇帝"、"大臣"要分清。
形、副注意要用三級(jí),副詞用法要謹(jǐn)記。
要用數(shù)詞請(qǐng)留意,千萬別忘"基"和"序
填入代詞需慎重,五格變化記心中。
雜糅型短文填空
雜糅型短文填空是指文章中有多種提示類型,如英語單詞、漢語意思、音標(biāo)或者不給提示詞等。這種
題型主要考查考生的整體閱讀能力、語言知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力、邏輯思維能力和書面表達(dá)能力,特別是單詞和
短語的拼寫能力。
提示詞填空
此類短文填空題一般會(huì)給出漢語意思或英文單詞。做此類短文填空題時(shí),要準(zhǔn)確理解語意,根據(jù)文中
同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)確定應(yīng)填詞的詞性和詞形。不可簡單地都填原形詞。若空格內(nèi)填的是名詞,要考慮其
單復(fù)數(shù)形式;若填的是形容詞或副詞,則要考慮其是否屬于比較等級(jí);如若填的是動(dòng)詞,則要特別注意考
慮其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。如在句首,還要考慮其首字母的大寫。
真題在線
A
(2023?寧夏?中考真題)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,單詞的首字母已給出(每空一詞)。
MynameisMason.Iwasbomintoamusicalfamily.Ihavethreesistersandthreebrothers.Weallliketo1
1tomusic.Andallofu2playmusicalinstruments.Ibecameinterestedinplayingtheviolinand
startedtoplayitwhenIwassixyearsold.Myteachersalsoencouragedmyloveformusic.In2016,Iwonthe
YoungMusicianCompetition.
Afterthat,Iplayedatbiggerevents(公開活動(dòng))andevenreleased(發(fā)行)music.
I'mr3excitedtotellyouaboutmynewalbum(專輯)calledSong.InameditthatbecauseIthinkthe
violinsoundslikeabeautifulsingingvoice.Thealbumhasd4kindsofmusic,likeclassicalmusic,country
musicandevenapopsong.
Inmyo5weshouldbegiventhechancetostudymusic,becauseitisawonderfulwaytoexpress
ourselvesandmakeourlivesmorecolorful!
B
(2022.貴州安順.中考真題)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)中文意思,補(bǔ)全英語翻譯。
Avegetarian(素食者)issomeonewhodoesn'teatmeat.Beingavegetarianhasbecomeapopularchoice.
6(實(shí)際上),onein200kidsintheUSisavegetarian.Mostpeoplechoosetobevegetariansformanyreasons.
First,theybelievethatavegetarian'sdiet7(對(duì)...有好處)theirhealth.Itusuallyhaslessfatthana
diet(飲食)thatincludesmeat.Vegetarianseatalow-fatdiettokeepfit.Avegetariandietalsoprovidesmany
vitaminsthatpeoplecan't8(從得至!J)themeat.Thesevitaminsprotectpeoplefromsomediseases.
Second,manyvegetariansare9(對(duì)...擔(dān)心)howanimalsareraisedandkilledforfood.Theyhope
animalscanbebettertreated.
Finally,theythink10(成為一名素食者能幫助地球).Peopleusemoreenergy,waterandlandto
raiseanimalsforfoodthantogrowfruitandvegetables.Also,animalsputgreenhousegasesintotheair.These
gasescauseglobalwanning.
C
(2023?廣東?中考真題)
請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文,在所給的每個(gè)空格中填入一個(gè)形式正確、意義相符的單詞。
Wouldyouliketostartyourdaywithacupoftea?Iftheansweris11,youmayhavethesamehabit
asmanypeople.
Youmaynotknow12popularteais.Amongallkindsofdrinks,teaisoneofthetwochoices.People
likeitbecauseitis13fortheirhealth.
Teaismostlyproduced14AsiancountrieslikeChinaandIndia.Chinesepeoplestartedtodrinktea
asearlyas5,000years15.Atthattime,peoplemadeteainasimplewayjustputfreshtealeavesintohot
16.
Teawasn'tintroducedintoEuropeuntiltheearly17thcentury.Andnowithas17popularinEurope
andAmerica.Peoplethereliketo18teawithsugarormilkinit.Asthepopulationofteadrinkersgets
larger,teabusinessisgetting19importantthanbefore.
ThefirstInternationalTeaDaywasonMay21st,2020.Sincethen,peoplehavecelebrated20every
year.TheDaymakespeoplerealizetheimportanceofteaworkersand....
D
(2022.福建?中考真題)
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)語境、音標(biāo)或所給單詞的提示,在每個(gè)空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,要求所填的詞意義
準(zhǔn)確、形式正確,使短文意思完整、行文連貫。
IntheclosingyearsoftheSuiDynasty,aterribleflood(洪水)happenedontheXiaoRiveroutsidethecityof
Zhaozhou.21floodbroughtdownalargestonebridge.
Peoplehadrebuiltthebridgemany22(time).Butitwasstillwashedawayoverandoveragain.
“What'swrong23it?”LiChun,themostfamouslocalengineeratthattime,askedhimself.He24
(work)dayandnightatthedrawingofthebridgeandfoundoutthatthestonesupports(支柱)couldn'tstandthe
forceoftheflood.
Oneday,anideacameintohismind!Hethoughtof25(build)bow-shapedarches(拱)insteadofstone
supports.Andtherewouldbeonlyonebigarch,supportedateachendbytwosmallones.Whenfloodscame,the
waterswouldrunthroughthe26/ft):(r)/smallarches,bringinglittleinfluenceonthebridge.Hewas27
(great)excitedbytheidea,anddancedhappilyrightathisdesk.
AnewZhaozhouBridgewasbuilt.Itwassafe28beautiful.ThelocalpeopleofZhaozhouwerevery
29/glsed/thattheproblemofthestonebridgewasfinallyworkedout.Now,thisgreatstonebridgewitha
historyofover1,300yearshas30/bikAm/aclassicalexampleofChina?sarchedbridges.Itshows
thewisdomandcreativityoftheChinesepeople.
E
(2023?遼寧鞍山?中考真題)
閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從方框中選擇合適單詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空,使短文內(nèi)容完整。(每詞限用一次,
有兩個(gè)詞多余)
bringhelptopeacefulwhichdifficultotherjustwhononementionanother
Whatisthebestvirtue(美德)?Whatcanwelearnfromwater?Laozi,afamousChinesethinker31
livedaround2,500yearsago,mighthaveananswer.
Laozitellsusthatthetopcharacterisjustlikewater.Alllifeintheworldcannotlivewithoutwater,butwater
neverasksforanythinginreturn.Itbenefits(使受益)all,competingwith32.Itsimplykeepsgiving
quietly.Also,wateroftenstayswherepeopledon'tlike.Thiskindoflowprofile《氐姿態(tài))makeswatertheclosest
33thelawoftheuniverse(萬物之規(guī)).
Indealingwithpeople,wecanactaswater.Doourbesttohelp34withouttryingtogetanything
back.Atthesametime,stayhumble(謙虛的).Don'talwaystalkaboutthe35yougavetootherpeople.
Evenifyouareina36situation,youneedtostaycalm.Afterall,waterwillnotchoosewheretobe,andit
37goestowhereitisneeded.
TheChinesenationhasalwayshelddearLaozi?sideasaboutwater.In2014,PresidentXiJinping38
itatthewelcomedinnerofthe22ndAPECEconomicLeaders'MeetinginBeijing.HesaidAPECmembersare
39togetherbythewaterofthePacificOceanandhaveasharedresponsibilitytomakethePacificanoceanof
40friendshipandcooperation(合作).Thisisthewisdom(智慧)waterbringsus.
名校模擬
F
(2023?浙江師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)?模擬預(yù)測(cè))
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,在每一空格內(nèi)填寫一詞(首字母已給出),使短文完整連貫。
Lifeisnoteasytomostpeople,sowhenanythinghappens,besuretobelieveinyourself.WhenIwasyoung,I
wasson1thatitwashardformetotalktoanyone.Myclassmatesoften12atme.ThenIfeltvery
frustrated.
Iwasreallysadbutcoulddon3Later,somethinghappened,whichchangedmylife.ItwasanEnglish
speechcontest.Mymothera4metotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!Itm5Ihadtospeakin
frontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!
“Comeon,boy.Believeinyourself.Youaresuretowin.^^mothersaidtome.
Then,motherandItalkedaboutmanyd6topics.AtlastIchosethetopic“Believeinyourself'.Itried
mybesttorememberallthespeechandp7itoverahundredtimes.W8mymother'sgreathelp,I
didwellinthecontest.Icouldh9believemyearswhenthenewscamethatIhadwonthefirstprize.
Sincethen,thingshavechangedforme.NomatterwhatIdo,Itrytotellmyselftobec10andIwill
findmyself.Thisistruenotonlyformebutalsoforeverybody,Ithink.
G
(2023?寧夏銀川一中?模擬預(yù)測(cè))
根據(jù)下列短文,寫出與各小題所給漢語相對(duì)應(yīng)的英語單詞的正確形式(每空一詞)。
AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwholikesmountainclimbing.Aronisusedtotakingrisks.On11(四
月)26th,2003,hewasinavery12(危險(xiǎn)的)situation.
Onthatday,Aron'sarmwascaughtundera360-kilorockthatfellonhim.Hecouldnotfreehisarm.When
hiswaterranout,heusedhisknifetocutoffhalfhisrightarmto13(拯救)hisownlife.Then,withhisleft
arm,hebandaged14(他自己).Afterthat,heclimbeddownthemountaintofindhelp.
Hethenwrotea15(書)calledBetweenaRockandaHandPlace.Thismeansbeinginadifficult
situationthatyoucan'tseemtogetoutof.Inthisbook,Arontellsustheimportanceofmakinggooddecisions,and
ofbeingincontrolofone'slife.
H
(2023?山西大同中學(xué)?模擬預(yù)測(cè))
請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,在空白處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,使短文通順、連貫。每空一詞。
TheGreatWallisn'tChina'sonlyman-madewonderthathasbeenwell-knownallovertheworld.Anotheris
theGrandCanal(大運(yùn)河)一thelongestman-madewaterwayintheworld.
16alengthofabout2,700kilometers,thecanalrunsfromBeijingtoZhejiangProvince.17is
morethan2,500yearsold.DuringtheSpringandAutumnperiod,HanGou,wasbuiltintoday'sJiangsuProvince.
ItthenbecametheGrandCanalduringtheSuiDynasty.
TheGrandCanalhasanimportantrole18developingthecountry'seconomy(經(jīng)濟(jì))andkeepingit
stable(穩(wěn)定的).PeopleinancientChinamovedthingsbyhorseor19foot.Itwasveryslow.Largethings,
likebagsofgrain(谷物)andtea.20didpeoplesolvetheproblems?ItwastheGrandCanal21
madethingsfasterandeasiertomoveacrossalongdistance.
DuringtheSuiDynasty,forexample,finegrainsgrewinthesouth.Buttheywerekeptinthecapital,inthe
north.WiththeGrandCanal,people22abletoquicklysendgraintothecapital.Thecanalalsomadethe
economygrowfast.Thanks23thecanal,silk,teaandcoalwereallsent24thenorthandsouth.The
canal,infact,playedabigpartinbuildingtheForbiddenCity.Bricksweresent25ShandongandJiangsu,
whilewoodwassentfromHunan.
“TheGreatWallisthesymbolofthefirmbackboneofChina,whiletheGrandCanalisthebloodlinethatgoes
throughtheheartsofChinesepeople."saidShanJixiang
I
(2023.福建福州二中.模擬預(yù)測(cè))
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)語境、音標(biāo)或所給單詞的提示,在每個(gè)空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~,要求所填的詞意義
準(zhǔn)確、形式正確,使短文意思完整、行文連貫。
Three-CharacterClassichadbeenoneofthemostpopulartextsforprimaryeducationinChinafor700years
untilthemiddleoflastcentury.Almostall26(child)atschoolusedtorecitethetextof1,248characters.
Mosthistorianshaveattributed(歸功于)thistexttoWangYinglin,27famouswriteroftheSouthern
SongDynasty.Itwass28thatWangwroteittospreadConfucian(儒家的)classicsandtheknowledgeof
Chinesehistoryamongkids.Ittellsthemthatbeforeone29(begin)tostudyhistory,heorshemust
becomeskilledinclassicworksatfirst.Sohewrotethetextboth30/f□:t/andsimple,verysuitablefor
readingandreciting.A31ithasstoppedbeingusedasatextforprimaryschools,manypeopleinChina
canstillrecitesomeofit.
Three-CharacterClassicisdivided32sixparts,eachtalkingaboutacertaintopic.Thetextbegins
withthemainideasofConfucianismandstressestraditionalvalues.Italsoteachesthatpeopleworkinghardwillbe
rewarded,while33/dsuz/whowastetimeonplaywillregretforitoneday.
Becauseofitsbeautifulverses(詩節(jié))andsimplestyles,itwaslatertranslatedintodifferentlanguages,suchas
English,34/frentj/andItalian.Duringthe1860s,itwas35(wide)usedasatextinprivate
schoolsinJapan.Now,ithasbeenlistedbytheUNESCOasoneofitsrecommendedreadingsforstudents
worldwide.
J
(2023?陜西西安一中?模擬預(yù)測(cè))
用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空,使短文完整正確。(每個(gè)單詞僅限用一次,每空只填一個(gè)單詞)
oldpro
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