廣東省廣州市荔灣區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三10月區(qū)調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省廣州市荔灣區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三10月區(qū)調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AScientificCreationExhibitionOurannualScienceFairwillbeheldonthe10thweekfromNov5to8onschoolcampus.IfyouarepreparedtoshineatourSchoolProjectExhibition,thehighlightofourexcitingscienceevent,pleasesignupforapresentationnow.ParticipationDetailslOpentoallhighschoolstudents.lWorkindividuallyorinteamsofuptothreemembers.lSelectascientifictopicthatinterestsyou.Itcouldbefromanyfieldsuchasphysics,chemistry,biology,environmentalscience,orevenonecovering2to4subjects.GuidelineslConductthoroughresearchonyourchosentopic.lDesignandconductexperimentstoexploreyourquestion.lPrepareadisplayboardthatclearlypresentsyourproject.lBereadytoexplainyourprojecttovisitorsengaginglyandinformatively.lVisualaidssuchaschartsandphotosarewelcometoenhanceyourpresentation.JudgingCriteriaJudgeswouldexamineeverythingtheparticipantsprepare,andstudentswhoenterthefinalsareencouragedtodesigntheirpostersinaclearandinformativemannertoallowpre-interviewevaluationandtoenabletheinterviewtobecomeanin-depthdiscussion.Considerableemphasisisplacedontwoareas:creativityandpresentation,especiallyintheinterviewsection.Creativity:Judgeswouldplaceemphasisonhowimaginativeandinventiveyourprojectis.Presentation/Interview:Theinterviewprovidestheopportunitytointeractwiththefinalistsandevaluatetheirunderstandingoftheproject’sbasicscience,interpretationandlimitationoftheresultsandconclusions.PrizeJudgeswillchoosethetop10honorablesciencestars,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtoftheScienceFair.1.Howmanyteammemberscanyouhaveforaproject?A.2.B.4.C.5. D.10.2.Whatmustthestudentsdointhepresentation?A.Usepicturestoexplain. B.Conductexperimentsonstage.C.Writeontheblackboardtodisplay. D.Demonstrateresearchoutcomes.3.Whoislikelytobeawardedsciencestars?A.Participantswhocreatethebestposters.B.Participantspresentingprojectswithlimitations.C.Participantswiththoroughknowledgeofscience.D.Participantsshowingimaginationinagroupdiscussion.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了一年一度的科學(xué)博覽會(huì)活動(dòng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ParticipationDetails部分中“Workindividuallyorinteamsofuptothreemembers.(獨(dú)立工作或三人以內(nèi)的團(tuán)隊(duì)工作)”可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員要在三人以內(nèi)，故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JudgingCriteria部分中“Presentation/Interview:Theinterviewprovidestheopportunitytointeractwiththefinalistsandevaluatetheirunderstandingoftheproject’sbasicscience,interpretationandlimitationoftheresultsandconclusions.(展示/面試：面試提供了與入圍者互動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)，并評(píng)估他們對(duì)項(xiàng)目基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的理解，對(duì)結(jié)果和結(jié)論的解釋和限制)”可知，學(xué)生在展示時(shí)要說(shuō)明研究結(jié)果，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)ParticipationDetails部分中“Selectascientifictopicthatinterestsyou.(選擇一個(gè)你感興趣的科學(xué)話題)”和JudgingCriteria部分中“evaluatetheirunderstandingoftheproject’sbasicscience,interpretationandlimitationoftheresultsandconclusions.(評(píng)估他們對(duì)項(xiàng)目基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)的理解，對(duì)結(jié)果和結(jié)論的解釋和限制)”可知，該活動(dòng)是關(guān)于科學(xué)，故具有全面科學(xué)知識(shí)的參與者可能會(huì)被授予科學(xué)之星，故選C。BFormany,theterm“orienteering”mightbringbackimagesofschooltrips.Therealityofitcanbeverydifferent,though,andit’sasportwithstronglinkstoathletics.KrisJones,aBritishinternationalonthetrack,wasalsoasilvermedalistatthe2022WorldOrienteeringChampionships.ThisJuly,IdecidedtoexplorethesportbyjoiningintheEdinburgh“sprintorienteering”runningthroughthefamouscitystreets.Theaimofthesportistonavigate(導(dǎo)航)betweencheckpointsmarkedonaspecialorienteeringmap.Thereisnosetroutesotheskillandfuncomefromtryingtofindthebestwaytogo,withtheultimategoalbeingtocompletethecourseinthequickesttime.Assomeonewhoisusedtotheconvenienceofusingmyphonefornavigation,theideaofrelyingonatraditionalmap-and-compassapproachfeltdaunting.However,onceIgotintotheswingofthings—andlearnedtoholdamapthecorrectway–theexcitementofnavigatingfromonecheckpointtothenextquicklygotmemoving.Theunpredictablenatureoftheraceandnotknowingthewhereaboutsofothercompetitors,reallydoeskeeptherushofexcitementflowing.Youhavenoideawhereyouaregoingorwhatyouaregoingtoseeuntilyoupickupthemap.Ithinkthesporttakingplaceinanopenfieldofplayisreallyexcitingforpeopletowatch.Peoplecanstandandwatchathletesrunningacrosstheirdoorstep.Differentathleteswillbefollowingdifferentroutes.It’sneverlikeamarathonwhereyoumightseeoneathleteaminuteaheadinfrontandyouknowtheyaregoingtowin.Fororienteeringtogrowasasport,itneedsgreatervisibilityintopclassevents.Adistantpastargumentisthatitisnotanaudience-friendlysport,butmoderntechnologynowshakesthatbelief.Withtheuseofmobilephones,dronesandbodycameras,orienteeringcanbeenjoyedbyamuchwideraudience.4.WhydoestheauthormentionKrisJonesinparagraph1?A.Toproveorienteeringisverypopular.B.Toshowthesportisphysicallydemanding.C.Tointroducetheachievementoftheathlete.D.Toemphasizethebenefitsoftakinguporienteering.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“daunting”inparagraph3mean?A.Challenging. B.Familiar. C.Exciting. D.Convenient.6.Whatmakesorienteeringdifferentfromamarathontotheaudience?A.Thephonefornavigation.B.Theuncertaintyoftheresult.C.Thesetroutinethroughacity.D.Thevisibilityofrunners’positions.7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?A.Therunningroutesshouldbedesignedtovary.B.Orienteeringisboundtobeaworld-classevent.C.Orienteeringisactuallyanaudience-friendlysport.D.Technologycanbeadoptedtopopularizethegame.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了定向越野運(yùn)動(dòng)的基本規(guī)則、參與體驗(yàn)、觀賞性以及如何通過(guò)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)提高其知名度和觀賞性。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Formany,theterm“orienteering”mightbringbackimagesofschooltrips.Therealityofitcanbeverydifferent,though,andit’sasportwithstronglinkstoathletics.KrisJones,aBritishinternationalonthetrack,wasalsoasilvermedalistatthe2022WorldOrienteeringChampionships.(對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，“定向越野”這個(gè)詞可能會(huì)讓人回想起學(xué)校郊游的場(chǎng)景。然而，它的實(shí)際情況可能大不相同，這是一項(xiàng)與田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)有著緊密聯(lián)系的運(yùn)動(dòng)。KrisJones是一名英國(guó)田徑國(guó)際選手，同時(shí)還在2022年世界定向越野錦標(biāo)賽上獲得了銀牌。)”可知，作者提到KrisJones是為了展示這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)體力的要求。故選B。【5題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第三段中“Assomeonewhoisusedtotheconvenienceofusingmyphonefornavigation,theideaofrelyingonatraditionalmap-and-compassapproachfelt(作為一個(gè)習(xí)慣了用手機(jī)方便導(dǎo)航的人，依靠傳統(tǒng)的地圖和指南針?lè)椒ǖ南敕ㄗ屓烁杏X(jué))”可知，作者習(xí)慣了用手機(jī)方便導(dǎo)航，依靠傳統(tǒng)的地圖和指南針?lè)椒ǖ南敕ㄗ屪髡哂X(jué)得具有挑戰(zhàn)性。daunting在此處的意思是“具有挑戰(zhàn)性的”。A.Challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；B.Familiar熟悉的；C.Exciting令人興奮的；D.Convenient方便的。故選A。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第五段“Ithinkthesporttakingplaceinanopenfieldofplayisreallyexcitingforpeopletowatch.Peoplecanstandandwatchathletesrunningacrosstheirdoorstep.Differentathleteswillbefollowingdifferentroutes.It’sneverlikeamarathonwhereyoumightseeoneathleteaminuteaheadinfrontandyouknowtheyaregoingtowin.(我認(rèn)為在開闊的場(chǎng)地上進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)人們來(lái)說(shuō)是非常令人興奮的。人們可以站著觀看運(yùn)動(dòng)員從家門口跑過(guò)。不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)員將遵循不同的路線。它從來(lái)不像馬拉松那樣，你可能會(huì)看到一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員領(lǐng)先一分鐘，你就知道他們會(huì)贏。)”可知，定向越野與馬拉松不同之處在于，觀眾無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)比賽的結(jié)果，因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)員選擇的路線不同，增加了比賽的不確定性。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Withtheuseofmobilephones,dronesandbodycameras,orienteeringcanbeenjoyedbyamuchwideraudience.(隨著手機(jī)、無(wú)人機(jī)和隨身相機(jī)的使用，定向運(yùn)動(dòng)可以被更多的觀眾喜愛(ài)。)”可知，可以采用技術(shù)來(lái)推廣這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選D。CManycitiesaroundtheworldgetmorerainthantheirsurroundings.“Justlikethewayyouhaveanurbanheatisland,youhaveanurbanrainfalleffect,”saysDevNiyogiattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Niyogiandhiscolleagueslookedatsatellitedataonrainfallbetween2001and2020in1056citiesandnearbyruralareasacrossdifferentclimateregions.Theyfoundthatmorethan60percentofcitieswere“wetislands”,whilesomeothercitieswere“dryislands”.Forexample,HoChiMinhCityandSydneywereamongthewettestanomalies(反常),eachwithover100millimetresmorerainfallthantheirsurroundingsperyear.SeattleandRiodeJaneirowereamongthe10driest.Citiescanboostorreducerainfallinseveralways.Heatabsorbedbyasphalt(瀝青黃沙混合物)andbuildingscancauseupdraftsthathelpraincloudstoform.The“roughness”ofbuildingscanslowweathersystemssotheyrainoverurbanareasforlonger.Airpollutioncanseedclouds,althoughitcanalsoreducerainfallbycoolingtheair.Pavedsurfaceswithlittlevegetationcanreduceevaporation,leadingtolessdampintheair.Theinfluenceofthesefactorsvariesbasedonthesizeandlocationofcities.Theteamfoundlarger,morepopulouscitiesweremorelikelytobewetislands.Citiesintemperate,tropicalandcoastalregionstendedtohavethelargestanomalies,whilethoseinmountainousareasgenerallysawsmallerdifferences.Theyalsofoundtheaveragedifferencebetweenwetislandsandtheirsurroundingsalmostdoubledoverthestudyperiod,from37to62millimetresmorerainfallperyear.Dryanomaliesdidn’tchange.Niyogisaysthisisbecauseofrapidurbanizationcombinedwithwarmingtemperaturesduetoclimatechange,whichincreasestheamountofwatervapourintheair.Currentweatherandclimatemodelsdon’tfullyaccountfortheinfluenceofcitiesonrain.ButNiyogisaysitmayeventuallybepossibleforcityplannerstoconsiderhowtheirdecisionsaffectrainfall.8.Whatis“wetisland”inthestudy?A.Ruralareasthatfloodfrequentlywithrains.B.Climateregionsalongthetropicalandcoastalareas.C.Citiesfloodedbecauseofrainsintheirsurroundings.D.Urbanareasthatsawmorerainsthantheirsurroundings.9.Whichofthefollowingisrelatedtorainfallreduction?A.Asphaltandroughbuildings. B.Strongupdrafts.C.Pavedsurfacewithlittlevegetation. D.Heatedairflow.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearchfindings?A.Dryanomaliesarenoteasytochange.B.Urbanrainfalleffectsareincreasinglyserious.C.Mountainousareasdonothaverainfallproblems.D.Climatechangeisthemainconcerninurbanrainfallcontrol.11.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CitiesareBecomingVictimsofGlobalWarmingB.DevelopmentTurnsMostCitiesinto“WetIslands”C.CountryLifeDownplaystheHarmofUrbanRainfallD.MoreRainorLessRain:ItDependsonHowGreenourLifeIs【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文體裁為說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了城市發(fā)展如何導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)城市顯著增加降雨的現(xiàn)象，即“濕島”現(xiàn)象?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Niyogiandhiscolleagueslookedatsatellitedataonrainfallbetween2001and2020in1056citiesandnearbyruralareasacrossdifferentclimateregions.Theyfoundthatmorethan60percentofcitieswere“wetislands”,whilesomeothercitieswere“dryislands”.Forexample,HoChiMinhCityandSydneywereamongthewettestanomalies(反常),eachwithover100millimetresmorerainfallthantheirsurroundingsperyear.(Niyogi和他的同事們研究了2001年至2020年間1056個(gè)城市和附近農(nóng)村地區(qū)不同氣候區(qū)域的降雨衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過(guò)60%的城市是“濕島”，而其他一些城市是“干島”。例如，胡志明市和悉尼是最潮濕的異常城市之一，每年的降雨量都比周圍地區(qū)多100毫米以上。)”可知，wetisland指的是降雨量比周邊地區(qū)多的城市地區(qū)。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Pavedsurfaceswithlittlevegetationcanreduceevaporation,leadingtolessdampintheair.(植被稀少的鋪面可以減少蒸發(fā)，從而減少空氣中的濕度，從而減少空氣中的濕度。)”可知，植被稀少的鋪面可以減少蒸發(fā)，導(dǎo)致空氣中的濕度降低，這與降雨量的減少有關(guān)。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“Theyalsofoundtheaveragedifferencebetweenwetislandsandtheirsurroundingsalmostdoubledoverthestudyperiod,from37to62millimetresmorerainfallperyear.Dryanomaliesdidn’tchange.Niyogisaysthisisbecauseofrapidurbanizationcombinedwithwarmingtemperaturesduetoclimatechange,whichincreasestheamountofwatervapourintheair.(他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研究期間，濕島與其周邊地區(qū)的平均降雨量差異幾乎翻了一番，從每年多37毫米增加到62毫米。而干燥異常的情況沒(méi)有變化。Niyogi說(shuō)，這是因?yàn)榭焖俚某鞘谢由蠚夂蜃兓瘜?dǎo)致的溫度升高，增加了空氣中的水汽含量。)”可知，城市降雨效應(yīng)正在變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Manycitiesaroundtheworldgetmorerainthantheirsurroundings.“Justlikethewayyouhaveanurbanheatisland,youhaveanurbanrainfalleffect,”saysDevNiyogiattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.(世界上許多城市的降雨量都比周邊地區(qū)多。德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的DevNiyogi說(shuō)：“就像城市熱島一樣，城市降雨也會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響?！?”和第三段中“Citiescanboostorreducerainfallinseveralways.Heatabsorbedbyasphalt(瀝青黃沙混合物)andbuildingscancauseupdraftsthathelpraincloudstoform.The“roughness”ofbuildingscanslowweathersystemssotheyrainoverurbanareasforlonger.Airpollutioncanseedclouds,althoughitcanalsoreducerainfallbycoolingtheair.Pavedsurfaceswithlittlevegetationcanreduceevaporation,leadingtolessdampintheair.”.(城市可以通過(guò)幾種方式增加或減少降雨。瀝青和建筑物吸收的熱量會(huì)導(dǎo)致上升氣流，從而幫助形成雨云。建筑物的“粗糙度”可以減緩天氣系統(tǒng)，因此它們?cè)诔鞘械貐^(qū)降雨的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)?？諝馕廴究梢孕纬稍疲M管它也可以通過(guò)冷卻空氣來(lái)減少降雨。幾乎沒(méi)有植被的鋪砌表面可以減少蒸發(fā)。)”可知，主要介紹了城市發(fā)展如何導(dǎo)致大多數(shù)城市顯著增加降雨的現(xiàn)象，即“濕島”現(xiàn)象。因此，B選項(xiàng)“DevelopmentTurnsMostCitiesinto“WetIslands”(發(fā)展使大多數(shù)城市變成“濕島”)”最符合文章主旨。故選B。DWhoareyourbestfriendsoncampus?Aretheytheonesyouencounteredmostofteninclass?Aretheyyourfellowsindramaclubordebatesociety?Somethingthathastoinfluencewhetherpeoplebecomefriendsissimplephysicalproximity.And,infact,themostlastingfriendshipsaredevelopedbetweenpeoplewhosepathscrossfrequently.Anumberofstudieshavedemonstratedtheeffectsofproximityonwhobecomefriends.OnewasconductedatMITinthe1940s.Theincomingstudentswererandomlyassignedto17ten-unitapartmentbuildingsthatwereisolatedfromotherresidentialareas,andfewofthemknewoneanotherbeforehand.Theinvestigatorsaskedeachresidenttonamethethreepeopleinthestudenthousingprojectwithwhomtheysocializedmostoften.Theeffectofproximitywasstriking:two-thirdsofthoselistedasfriendslivedinthesamebuildingastherespondent,eventhoughthoseinthesamebuildingrepresentedonly5percentofthetargetresidents.Morestrikingstillwasthepatternoffriendshipswithineachbuilding.Eventhoughthephysicaldistancebetweenapartmentswasquitesmall—19feetbetweenthedoorwaysofneighboringapartmentsand89feetbetweenthoseattheendsofeachhallway—41percentofthoselivinginneighboringapartmentslistedeachotherasfriends,comparedwithonly10percentofthoselivingatoppositeendsofthehallway.Proximityleadstofriendshipbecauseitfacilitateschanceencounters.Ifso,thenpurephysicaldistanceshouldmatterlessthanfunctionaldistance—theinfluenceofanarchitecturallayouttoencourageordiscouragecontactbetweenpeople.TheMITstudyshowsjusthowimportantfunctionaldistanceis.AsthefollowingFigureindicates,thestairsarepositionedsuchthatupstairsresidentswillencountertheoccupantsofapartmentsattheturnofthestairsmuchmoreoftenthantheoccupantsofthemiddleapartments.Andinfact,theresidentsofthetwostair-endapartmentformedtwiceasmanyfriendshipswiththeirupstairsneighborsasthoselivinginthemiddleapartments.FigureoftheMITStudyThus,it’sfunctionaldistancemorethanphysicaldistancethatisdecisive.Proximitypromotesfriendshipbecauseitbringspeopletogether.Actually,inlaterstudiesinvolvingmorediversepopulations,thelargesteffectsofproximityonfriendshipformationhavebeenfoundbetweenpeopleofdifferentraces,ages,orsocialclasses.12.WhatcanbeconcludedfromtheMITstudy?A.Friendsplayanimportantroleinone’sdailylife.B.Frequencyofencountersdecidesthelivingdistance.C.Peoplewithsharedinterestsaremorelikelytobefriends.D.Themoreoftentwopeoplemeet,theclosertheirrelationshipis.13.WhatmethoddidtheMITresearchersemployintheirstudy?A.Casestudy. B.Recordinganalysis.C.In-labobservation. D.Onlinequestionnaire.14.Whichapartment’sresidentsintheFigureabovemaymakemostfriendsinthebuilding?A.Apartment1. B.Apartment2.C.Apartment6. D.Apartment7.15.Whydidresearcherscarryoutlaterstudies?A.Previousstudyresultsarecontradictory.B.Previousstudymethodslackscientificsupport.C.Thesampleinthepreviousstudyisnotrepresentative.D.Thedatainthepreviousstudyarenotup-to-dateenough.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章詳細(xì)介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院在1940年代進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于物理距離如何影響人際關(guān)系形成的研究，特別是對(duì)友誼發(fā)展的影響?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Somethingthathastoinfluencewhetherpeoplebecomefriendsissimplephysicalproximity.And,infact,themostlastingfriendshipsaredevelopedbetweenpeoplewhosepathscrossfrequently.(影響人們是否成為朋友的因素很簡(jiǎn)單，那就是身體距離。事實(shí)上，最持久的友誼是在道路經(jīng)常交叉的人們之間建立起來(lái)的。)”可知，兩個(gè)人見面的次數(shù)越多，他們的關(guān)系就越親密。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“OnewasconductedatMITinthe1940s.Theincomingstudentswererandomlyassignedto17ten-unitapartmentbuildingsthatwereisolatedfromotherresidentialareas,andfewofthemknewoneanotherbeforehand.(其中一項(xiàng)是20世紀(jì)40年代在麻省理工學(xué)院進(jìn)行的。新入學(xué)的學(xué)生被隨機(jī)分配到17棟10單元的公寓樓里，這些公寓樓與其他居民區(qū)隔離開來(lái)，他們中很少有人事先認(rèn)識(shí)彼此。)”和第三段中“Theeffectofproximitywasstriking:two-thirdsofthoselistedasfriendslivedinthesamebuildingastherespondent,eventhoughthoseinthesamebuildingrepresentedonly5percentofthetargetresidents.Morestrikingstillwasthepatternoffriendshipswithineachbuilding.Eventhoughthephysicaldistancebetweenapartmentswasquitesmall—19feetbetweenthedoorwaysofneighboringapartmentsand89feetbetweenthoseattheendsofeachhallway—41percentofthoselivinginneighboringapartmentslistedeachotherasfriends,comparedwithonly10percentofthoselivingatoppositeendsofthehallway.(距離的影響是驚人的：被列為朋友的人中有三分之二與被調(diào)查者住在同一棟樓里，盡管住在同一棟樓里的人只占目標(biāo)居民的5%。更引人注目的是每棟樓里的友誼模式。盡管公寓之間的物理距離很小——相鄰公寓的門道之間只有19英尺，走廊兩端的門道之間只有89英尺——但住在相鄰公寓的人中有41%的人把彼此列為朋友，而住在走廊兩端的人中只有10%的人這樣做。)”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員通過(guò)對(duì)這些學(xué)生的案例研究進(jìn)行的。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“AsthefollowingFigureindicates,thestairsarepositionedsuchthatupstairsresidentswillencountertheoccupantsofapartmentsattheturnofthestairsmuchmoreoftenthantheoccupantsofthemiddleapartments.Andinfact,theresidentsofthetwostair-endapartmentformedtwiceasmanyfriendshipswiththeirupstairsneighborsasthoselivinginthemiddleapartments.(如下圖所示，樓梯的位置使得樓上的住戶在樓梯拐彎處遇到公寓住戶的次數(shù)要比中間公寓的住戶多得多。事實(shí)上，住在兩層樓上公寓的人與樓上鄰居的友誼是住在中間公寓的人的兩倍。)”可以推斷出，住在1號(hào)公寓的居民可能在公寓里交到最多的朋友，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)跇翘蒉D(zhuǎn)彎處更容易遇到其他公寓的居民。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Actually,inlaterstudiesinvolvingmorediversepopulations,thelargesteffectsofproximityonfriendshipformationhavebeenfoundbetweenpeopleofdifferentraces,ages,orsocialclasses.(事實(shí)上，在后來(lái)涉及更多不同人群的研究中，發(fā)現(xiàn)距離對(duì)友誼形成的最大影響發(fā)生在不同種族、年齡或社會(huì)階層的人之間。)”可知，之前的研究樣本可能不具有代表性，因此需要進(jìn)行更深入的研究。故選C。第二節(jié)七選五（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分。）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everyyearatthisharvesttime,youarelikelytoreadarticlesaboutthepromisethattheaveragefamilycansavemoneybygrowingtheirownfruitandvegetables.___16___Socanyouraveragehomegardenerreallycompeteonpriceagainsttheeconomiesofscaleofindustrialagriculture?___17___Sayyouwanttostartwithpotatoesinahouseholdcontainer.IntheUK,thesecostaround￡75.Givenpotatoesinmysupermarketare￡0.90perkilogram,youwouldhavetoproduceatleast83kgtobreakeven.Assumingyougetsimilaroutputastheprofessionals,a60×60cmcontainerwouldonlygiveyouaround2to3kgperyear.Soatbest,youwouldonlygetyourmoneybackafteraround27years.___18___Well,giventhateverythinggoeswell,youwillstillneedtostartbybuyingseedpotatoes.Inmygardencentrethesedon’tcomecheap.Foreasy-to-transportproducewithlongshelflives,likepotatoes,carrotsandonions,itreallyisalmostimpossibletogetthemathstoworkinyourfavouronadomesticscale,asefficienciesresultingfromagriculturalmechanisationmakethesesoinexpensivetobuy.However,whenitcomestomoredelicateofferings,theoppositeisoftentrue.Theplantsharvestedonlybyhandcanbecostlytobuy.___19___Manyherbslikemint,dillandfennelaresotoughthatmuchofthegardeningadviceishowtopreventthemfromtakingoveryourpot.Thisisalsotrueforpriceysaladcropslikewildrocket,orarugula,whichliveasecretdoublelifeasacommongardenweed.___20___A.Let’slookatthenumbers.B.Sowhybothertogrowyourownplants?C.Theseturnouttobetheexceptiontothegeneraleconomicreality.D.Butthewritersneverreallyreferencehowtheyarrivedattheconclusion.E.Whatifyouabandonthecontainerandjustgrowsomepotatoesingardensoil?F.Thethreemostexpensiveitemsinmysupermarkethappentobetheeasiesttogrow.G.Weshouldconsiderthecostofthepotatoes,thegrowingmedium,fertiliser,andwater.【答案】16.D17.A18.E19.F20.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章探討了家庭園藝是否能節(jié)省開支，通過(guò)具體例子（如種植土豆）表明，對(duì)于一些作物，家庭種植難以與工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)的低成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；但對(duì)某些草本植物和沙拉菜來(lái)說(shuō)，家庭種植則更為經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠?！?6題詳解】由上文“Everyyearatthisharvesttime,youarelikelytoreadarticlesaboutthepromisethattheaveragefamilycansavemoneybygrowingtheirownfruitandvegetables.(每年在這個(gè)收獲季節(jié)，你可能會(huì)讀到這樣的文章，即普通家庭可以通過(guò)種植自己的水果和蔬菜來(lái)省錢。)”可知，本空要承接上文，繼續(xù)討論關(guān)于“省錢”這一話題，再由后文“Socanyouraveragehomegardenerreallycompeteonpriceagainsttheeconomiesofscaleofindustrialagriculture?(那么，普通家庭園丁真的能在價(jià)格上與工業(yè)化農(nóng)業(yè)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)嗎？)”可知，后文是在討論“省錢”這一承諾是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，D選項(xiàng)中“conclusion”指代上文提到的“省錢”這一結(jié)論，D選項(xiàng)“Butthewritersneverreallyreferencehowtheyarrivedattheconclusion.(但作者們從未真正引用他們是如何得出這一結(jié)論的。)”符合題意，能夠承上啟下。故選D?！?7題詳解】由上文“Socanyouraveragehomegardenerreallycompeteonpriceagainsttheeconomiesofscaleofindustrialagriculture?(那么，普通的家庭園藝愛(ài)好者真的能在價(jià)格上與工業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)的規(guī)?；?jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)嗎？)”可知，本空要承接上文，引出下文對(duì)能否在價(jià)格上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的討論，A選項(xiàng)“Let’slookatthenumbers.(讓我們看看這些數(shù)字。)”，引出下文通過(guò)列舉數(shù)字進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選A。【18題詳解】由上文“Assumingyougetsimilaroutputastheprofessionals,a60×60cmcontainerwouldonlygiveyouaround2to3kgperyear.Soatbest,youwouldonlygetyourmoneybackafteraround27years.(假設(shè)你的產(chǎn)量與專業(yè)人士相似，一個(gè)60×60厘米的容器每年只能給你2到3公斤左右。所以，你最多只能在27年后拿回你的錢。)”可知，上文討論了使用容器種植土豆可能需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能回本，再由后文“Well,giventhateverythinggoeswell,youwillstillneedtostartbybuyingseedpotatoes.Inmygardencentrethesedon’tcomecheap.(好吧，既然一切順利，你仍然需要從購(gòu)買種薯開始。在我的花園中心，這些并不便宜。)”可知，后文是在討論在花園土壤中種植土豆，E選項(xiàng)中“thecontainer”和上文相呼應(yīng)，“ingardensoil”引出下文種植方式，所以，E選項(xiàng)“Whatifyouabandonthecontainerandjustgrowsomepotatoesingardensoil?(如果你放棄容器，在花園的土壤里種一些土豆呢？)”提出了種植土豆的替代方案，自然地延續(xù)了關(guān)于如何更有效地種植土豆的話題。故選E?！?9題詳解】由上文“However,whenitcomestomoredelicateofferings,theoppositeisoftentrue.

Theplantsharvestedonlybyhandcanbecostlytobuy.(然而，當(dāng)涉及到更精致的產(chǎn)品時(shí)，情況往往恰恰相反。只能手工收割的植物可能很貴。)”和下文“Manyherbslikemint,dillandfennelaresotoughthatmuchofthegardeningadviceishowtopreventthemfromtakingoveryourpot.(許多草藥，如薄荷、蒔蘿和茴香，都非常堅(jiān)硬，因此園藝建議大多是如何防止它們占據(jù)你的花盆。)”可知，這里主要討論了某些植物的價(jià)格與其種植難易程度之間的反差，故本空需要引出一個(gè)與這種反差相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)。F選項(xiàng)“Thethreemostexpensiveitemsinmysupermarkethappentobetheeasiesttogrow.(我超市里最貴的三種商品恰好是最容易種植的。)”既是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的承接，也為下文進(jìn)一步討論這些植物的種植提供了鋪墊。故選F?！?0題詳解】由上文“However,whenitcomestomoredelicateofferings,theoppositeisoftentrue.

Theplantsharvestedonlybyhandcanbecostlytobuy.(然而，當(dāng)涉及到更精致的產(chǎn)品時(shí)，情況往往恰恰相反。只能手工收割的植物可能很貴。)”和“Manyherbslikemint,dillandfennelaresotoughthatmuchofthegardeningadviceishowtopreventthemfromtakingoveryourpot.Thisisalsotrueforpriceysaladcropslikewildrocket,orarugula,whichliveasecretdoublelifeasacommongardenweed.(許多草藥，如薄荷、蒔蘿和茴香，都非常堅(jiān)硬，因此園藝建議大多是如何防止它們占據(jù)你的花盆。對(duì)于野生火箭草或芝麻菜等昂貴的沙拉作物來(lái)說(shuō)也是如此，它們作為一種常見的花園雜草，過(guò)著秘密的雙重生活。)”可知，此處討論的是一些植物雖然種植容易但價(jià)格卻很高，這與一般的經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律（即成本越低，價(jià)格應(yīng)該越低）相悖。這些植物成為了經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律中的一個(gè)例外。C選項(xiàng)中“These”指代的是前文提到的那些種植容易但價(jià)格昂貴的植物。故C選項(xiàng)“Theseturnouttobetheexceptiontothegeneraleconomicreality.(事實(shí)證明，這些都是一般經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的例外。)”總結(jié)上文，正好指出了上文所描述的植物是經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律中的一個(gè)例外。故選C。第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分。）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分。）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Artlessonsinhighschoolcontinuedtodrawmemoredeeplyintoart,likestilllifeandbotanicaldrawings.Generally,ourteacher___21___ourideasinArt,thusIfoundArtClassesmoreandmore___22___.TheresultcameinourMatriculationExam;Iachieveda(n)___23___highmark.Whilemymotherwashighlydelightedbytheresult,shewas___24___atthethoughtthatImighttrytobecomeanartist.Atenseperiodfollowed.Ididnotbecomeaprofessionalartist,butI___25___continuedartstudiesbecauseofmyworkinginalarge___26___office.Later,Itookupa(n)___27___inZimbabwebytheoffice,andfoundmuchthatheldmyinterestartistically.Firstwasthewildlife.Thelong___28___inthebushbroughtaboutmanysketchesandoilpaintings.However,therealsurprisewastheZimbabweruins,sevenoreightcenturiesold,andIwasfascinatedandit___29___apainting.TherewasalsotheVictoriaFalls;youjustcouldnotgopastwithouttryingtocapturethe___30___fromvariousangles.Mostofmy___31___werebroughtbackhome.Onmy___32___toBritain,althoughmuchpressurewasputontomewhilestudyingTheology,Ididhavevacationsbetweentermsanditdidallowmetimetopaintanddraw.AfewyearslaterIreceivedaverygoodjobofferinWesternAustralia,whenitwasknownthatIhad___33___learning.LifewasbusybutIstillputahalfhourorhour___34___everyweek,whenIcouldpaintordrawandtrulyrelax.Ididgain___35___fromthetimeIhadspentwithpen,pencilorpaintbrush.21.A.enriched B.assessed C.cleared D.limited22.A.boring B.innovative C.fascinating D.demanding23.A.outstandingly B.strangely C.accidentally D.steadily24.A.excited B.horrified C.disappointed D.proud25.A.thus B.nevertheless C.moreover D.finally26.A.printing B.business C.school D.drawing27.A.responsibility B.course C.appointment D.hobby28.A.stay B.sleep C.wait D.talk29.A.lookedlike B.resultedin C.referredto D.reflectedon30.A.life B.chance C.views D.feelings31.A.works B.memories C.belongings D.souvenirs32.A.journey B.approach C.adventure D.return33.A.theoretic B.language C.biological D.artistic34.A.aside B.off C.on D.out35.A.achievement B.reputation C.pleasure D.wealth【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.B26.D27.C28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.D34.A35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文體裁為記敘文。文章通過(guò)第一人稱視角，回憶并敘述了作者從高中時(shí)期開始對(duì)藝術(shù)的興趣，以及在家庭、工作和個(gè)人興趣之間的平衡過(guò)程。文中詳細(xì)描述了作者在不同階段的生活經(jīng)歷和藝術(shù)探索，展現(xiàn)了個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展的心路歷程?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通常我們的老師豐富我們的藝術(shù)想法，因此我發(fā)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)課越來(lái)越吸引人。A.enriched豐富；B.assessed評(píng)估；C.cleared清除；D.limited限制。根據(jù)上文“Artlessonsinhighschoolcontinuedtodrawmemoredeeplyintoart”、“ourteacher”和下文“ourideasinArt”可知，老師應(yīng)該是豐富學(xué)生的想法。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通常我們的老師豐富我們的藝術(shù)想法，因此我發(fā)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)課越來(lái)越吸引人。A.boring無(wú)聊的；B.innovative創(chuàng)新的；C.fascinating吸引人的；D.demanding要求高