江蘇省決勝新高考2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月大聯(lián)考英語英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省決勝新高考2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月大聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whathashappenedtothecupwithlittlehearts?A.Ithasbeenlost.B.Ithasbeendamaged.C.Ithasbeengiventotheman.【答案】B【原文】W:Haveyouseenmyfavoritecup?Theonewithlittleheartsonit.IthinkI’velostit.M:Sorry,ImeanttotellyouthatIbrokeitlastweekwhilewashingit.ButIgotyouthisonetoreplaceit.W:Iloveit!2.Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?A.Sewsomeclothes.B.Cleanupthefloors.C.Paymoreattentionnexttime.【答案】C【原文】M:Mindy,Ifoundaneedleonthefloor.Ialmoststeppedonit.Youshouldbemorecareful.W:Itwasn’tme,Ben.Itwasmymother.Shecameovertohelpwiththechildren’sclothes.ButI’llsweepthefloorrightnowtomakesuretherearen’tanymore.3.HowmanyclassesdoesthegirlhaveonMonday?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four.【答案】B【原文】M:Ihavedanceclassfirstthing,andthenmusicstraightafterlunch.W:Luckyyou.Forme,it’sabusyMonday.Ihavedoubleclassesofmathandthengeography.4.Whydoesthewomanadvisethemantorun?A.Tocatchthepostman.B.Toborrowsomestamps.C.Toreachthepostofficebeforeclosing.【答案】C【原文】M:DoyouhaveanystampsIcanborrow?Iwanttosendthisstraightaway.W:I’mafraidIdon’t.Butifyourun,youmightjustcatchthepostoffice.5.Whatisacrossfromthenewclothingstore?A.Abank. B.Amovietheater. C.Abookstore.【答案】B【原文】M:Iwasinthatnewclothingstorenexttothebankandtheyhadsomeshirtsthatwouldreallysuityou.W:Isitoppositethecinema?Whatdidtheplaceusetobebeforetheclothingstoreopened?M:Yeah,itwasabookstorebefore.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Confident. B.Tired. C.Confused.7.Whichcountrywasthemanbornin?A.Japan. B.China. C.Australia.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】M:Excuseme,canyouhelpme?Ican’tunderstandpartofthisform.W:Certainly,sir.Whatpartareyouhavingproblemswith?M:Part3A.I’mnotquitesurewhatit’sasking.I’vereaditseveraltimesbutitdoesnotmakeanysense.W:Thatpartoftheformisonlyforforeigntravelers.M:Technically,Iam.I’moriginallyfromJapan,butthenIwasraisedinAustraliabeforecomingtoChina.W:Wheredoyoulivenow?M:IliveinHongKong.W:Youarewelltraveled.M:Iam,butsometimestheseformsstillconfuseme.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Tutorandstudent.C.Motherandson.9.Whatsubjectistheboystrugglingwith?A.Math. B.English. C.Geography.10.Whatactivityisrelatedtothewoman’sjob?A.Testing. B.Writing. C.Teaching.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【原文】W:Malcolm,haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?M:Notyet,Ineeddad’shelpwithoneofthequestions.W:Well,maybeIcanhelp?M:Thanks,butdadknowsmoreaboutalgebrathanyou.W:Iamjustascapableasyourfather.Webothwenttouniversity.M:Butdadusesitallthetimeinhisjob.Youwritealotinyourjob,soIcometoyouwhenIneedhelpwithmyEnglishtests.W:That’sverysmart,butsometimesyourfatherwon’tbeabletohelpyou.Soifyouneedit,I’mhere.I’malsogoodatgeography.M:OKthen.Canyoutellmetheanswertothisone?W:No,butIcanshowyouhowtofindtheansweryourself.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inastore.B.Inagallery.C.Intheman’sapartment.12.Whatcoloristhewoman’scoloredwall?A.Purple. B.Cream. C.Orange.13.Whereisthewallpaperlocated?A.Underthebrushes.B.Nexttothesheets.C.Acrossfromthepaint.【答案】11.A12.A13.C【原文】M:Excuseme,canyoutellmewherethepaintsectionis?W:It’sstraightdownthere.M:Thankyou.We’regoingtopaintmyapartment.W:Oh,Ilovedecorating.Whatcolorareyougoingfor?M:Maybesomethingincreamorwhite.Wemightsellitsoon,sowewantittolookairy.W:Alotofpeoplethesedayshaveonewallinabrightordistinctcolortomakeitstandout.Ihaveapurpleoneinmybedroom.M:Ididseeoneatafriend’shouse.Hehadpaintedonesideofhislivingroomorange.Itlookedverysmart.I’mjustnotsureIcoulddoasgoodajob.I’mnotanartist.W:Well,wehaveallthetoolsyouneednexttothepaint,likebrushesandsheetstokeepyourfurnitureclean.Orifyouwantachallenge,thewallpaperisontheoppositeside.M:You’vebeenmosthelpful.W:Ifyouneedanythingelse,justletmeknow.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amissingpet. B.Alatepackage. C.Awrongfoodorder.15.WhoisTommy?A.Thewoman’sson. B.Thewoman’spet. C.Thewoman’sboss.16.Whatiswrongwiththedeliverydrivers?A.Theyareill.B.Theyareoutforlunch.C.Theyhaveleftthecompany.17.Whatwillthewomangetthemoneyforaccordingtotheman?A.Herlostitem.B.Deliverycosts.C.Hertimespentonthephone.【答案】14.B15.B16.A17.C【原文】W:Ihavebeenonholdforhalfanhourtryingtofindoutwheremydeliveryis!M:Iapologize,Mrs.Smith.Thisisnotthelevelofserviceweusuallyoffer.W:Thenwhatistheproblem?It’sapresentformylittleTommy.It’shisbirthdaytomorrow.Ipickedsomedogfoodforhim.Whyhaven’tIreceivedhispresentyet?M:Wehadtouseadeliveryserviceinsteadofourowndrivers.W:Why?M:Ishouldn’treallysay.W:Idemandanexplanation,orIwanttospeaktoyourboss.M:Ourdriversalleatfromthesamerestaurantatlunch.Theyhaveallgotfoodpoisoning.W:Well,I’msorrytohearthat.IhopetheyareOK.M:Me,too.Becauseyouaresuchaloyalcustomer,Iwouldliketoofferyouafullrefundfortheitem.W:Iguessthatwouldbeacceptable.Holdon,there’ssomeoneatmydoor.M:Hello,Mrs.Smith?W:Thatwasyourdriver.Itarrived!Thankyousomuch.M:I’mgladitallworkedoutfine.Wewouldstillliketoofferyouarefund,forthelengthofthecall.W:Thankyou.Thatwouldbelovely.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Whydoesthenurseryoffertheplans?A.Tokeepchildrensafe.B.Tomakechildrenhealthy.C.Tohelpchildrenfindtheirway.19.Whenaretheteachersonduty?A.8:00p.m.onMonday.B.7:00a.m.onThursday.C.9:00a.m.onSaturday.20.Towhomisthespeakermainlytalking?A.Childrenatthenursery. B.Newteachers. C.Children’sparents.【答案】18.A19.B20.C【原文】Thereisanotherthingtopointoutaboutsafetybeforewestarttoday’snurserytour.Thesafetyofyourchildrenis,ofcourse,ourmainconcernandweareconstantlyworkingtoimproveitinanypossibleway.Wealsotrytomakesurethatyourchildrenenjoytheirtimeatnurseryandbenefitfromitasmuchaspossible.Thenurseryofferstwoplanstoensureyouknowthatyourchildrenaresafe.TheBusTripplanistomakesurethatchildrengetwheretheyneedtogoafternurserywithateacherondutytoprotectthem,whethertheyaregoingstraighthomeorsomewhereelse.TheIn-Schoolplangivesyoupeaceofmindwhenthechildrenarebeingtaught.Acarefulrecordiskeptofwherechildrenareinthebuildingsothatwecanlocatethemquicklyatanytime.Youareprovidedwithanumber,soyoucancallthenurserybetween7:00a.m.and7:00p.m.ontheweekdays.Requirementscanalsobemadebytextandemail.Allinall,wearetryingourbesttomakesureyourchildrenaresafewhiletheyareattendingthenursery.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHitchinLavender(薰衣草)AboutAfamily-runfarmwitha12-acreblanketoflavenderthatpaintsthehillsideavividpurpleeverysummer.Justpickupapaperbagandsomescissorsatthegate,andoffyougo—gulping(深呼吸)lungfulsoffragrantairasyougo.Youcanpickyourwayaroundthefieldandtakebunchesofthestuffhomebythebag.There’salsoafieldfullofsunflowers,whichmakesforprettyphotoopportunities.TheheightoffloweringseasonislateJunetomid-July(soearlyvisitorsshouldn’texpectpeakpurple)butit’sworthkeepinganeyeonitsFacebookpageforupdatestotimeyourvisit.FunfactThankstobeingfeaturedonaChinesewebsite,thefarmsawahugeriseininternationalvisitorslookingforatypicalBritishexperiencelastyear.Valueformoney?Fieldentranceisadults￡6,children￡3(5-14s),under5sfreewhichincludesfreepickingforall.Theentryfeeincludesbagandscissors,whileextrabagsforchildrenoreageradultsare￡4each.GettingthereBycariseasiest:Takejunction10offtheA1MtowardsStotfold,thenfollowtheA507.Itmakesagreatstop-offifyou’reheadingtoCambridge.OrtakethetrainfromKing’sCrosstoHitchin,thenataxitothefarm.Openinghours10am-5pmdailyfromMay26untiltheendofAugust,withlatenightsuntil9pmonselecteddatesinAugust.21.WhatdoweknowaboutHitchinLavender?A.Itencouragespicking. B.Itisinconvenientlylocated.C.Itoffersphoto-takingservice. D.ItisrunbyaChinesewebagency.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir3-year-oldsonpayforadmission?A.￡9. B.￡12. C.￡15. D.￡19.23.WhatisthetimetoenjoyHitchinLavender’speakpurple?A.May26. B.August18. C.July8. D.April30.【答案】21.A22.B23.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了HitchinLavender薰衣草農(nóng)場的相關(guān)信息，包括農(nóng)場特色、有趣的事實、價格、到達(dá)方式和開放時間等?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)About部分中“Justpickupapaperbagandsomescissorsatthegate,andoffyougo—gulping(深呼吸)lungfulsoffragrantairasyougo.Youcanpickyourwayaroundthefieldandtakebunchesofthestuffhomebythebag.(只需在門口拿一個紙袋和一把剪刀，然后你就可以上路了——一路上深吸一口芬芳的空氣。你可以在田野里挑選，然后用袋子把一束束的東西帶回家)”可知，HitchinLavender鼓勵游客采摘薰衣草。故選A項。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Valueformoney?部分中“Fieldentranceisadults￡6,children￡3(5-14s),under5sfreewhichincludesfreepickingforall.(田野入場費成人為6英鎊，兒童(5-14歲)為3英鎊，5歲以下兒童免費，含所有人免費采摘)”可知，一對夫婦和他們?nèi)龤q的兒子入場需支付6+6+0=12英鎊。故選B項。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)About部分中“TheheightoffloweringseasonislateJunetomid-July(soearlyvisitorsshouldn’texpectpeakpurple).(花開的高峰期是6月下旬到7月中旬(所以早期的游客不要期望看到最盛的紫色))”可知，7月8日處于6月下旬到7月中旬之間，是欣賞HitchinLavender最盛紫色的時間。7月8日在這一區(qū)間，故選C項。BWhenCraigMillermovedtotheCatskillmountainsinNewYorkafterretirement,thejournalistwantedtogetawayfromtrafficjamsandwildfiresandenjoyaquieterpaceoflife.Yet,oneyearintohisstay,hebecamehistown’snewestvolunteerfirefighter.Drivingaroundtownandnoticingrecruitment(招聘)signs,hedecidedtodigfurther.“Speakingtofirechiefs,Irealizedtheyareincrisissincemorethan60%ofallfirefightersintheUSarevolunteers,andruralareascan’tgetyoungpeopletojoin,”hesays.“Thechiefwastryingtorecruitme,sayingthatitdidn’tmatteraboutmyage.”Millerrealizedthatvolunteeringwouldbeagoodwaytobecomeapartofthecommunity,sohesigneduptotrainasafirefighter.“Thetrainingownedmylifeforthreemonths,withnightclassesandSaturdaysessionscoveringeverythingfromoperatingapumppaneltothrowingladders(梯子),”hesays.“Westartedeverysessionwitha‘donningdrill’,racingtoput18kofequipmentoninunderaminute.WesometimeshadtodoitfourorfivetimesandIwasstaggering(搖晃)bytheend.Itimmediatelyimprovedmyfitness.”Averaging60calloutsayear,Millerhasexperiencedhishair-raisingmoments.“I’vebeenoncarfiresandwildfires,whicharestubbornanddifficult.Carscanalsogiveoffsomegnarlyfumeswhentheyaremelting,”hesays.“Theworstfeelingiswhenyougetpaged,showupandyou’retheonlyoneatthestation.ThathappenedoncewhenIwasearlyintomytraininganditwasterrifyingthinkingIwouldhavetoleadthecallout.”Thegreatestimpacthascomefromhelpingpeopleduringsomeoftheworstmomentsoftheirlives.“It’smassivelyrewardingtoputyourselfoutthereforstrangersandtheyaresogratefulforus,too,”hesays.Despiteinitiallythinkinghewouldstopvolunteeringat70,Millerisnowcommittedtocarryingon.“Oneoftheessentialthingsinlifeistofeelthatyoureffortshavemeaningandthatyouaremakingadifference.I’llkeepgoingaslongasI’mable.Itgetsinyourblood.”hesays.24.WhydidMillervolunteerasafirefighter?A.Hedesiredasenseofbelonging. B.Hefoundhisretirementlifedull.C.Hewasanadventurousjournalist. D.Heneededmaterialsforhisreports.25.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Afirerescueoperation. B.Thefirefightingtraining.C.Arecipeforbuildingmuscle. D.Thechallengesfacingfirefighters.26.WhatmadeMillerfeelworst?A.Hegothiscarburntinafire. B.Hehadmorecalloutstocopewith.C.Hewasunpreparedfortheemergency. D.Hehadtocarryouttheoperationalone.27.WhatmotivatesMillertocontinuevolunteering?A.Heisfullofenergy. B.Hecanencounterstrangers.C.Hefindsapurposeinhislife. D.Hedesiresgratitudefromothers.【答案】24.A25.B26.D27.C【語篇解讀】本篇是記敘文，文章介紹了CraigMiller在退休之后從事消防志愿者的情況?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Millerrealizedthatvolunteeringwouldbeagoodwaytobecomeapartofthecommunity,sohesigneduptotrainasafirefighter.(Miller意識到志愿服務(wù)是成為社區(qū)一員的好方法，所以他報名參加了消防員培訓(xùn)。)”可知，CraigMiller參加消防志愿者活動是因為他渴望一種歸屬感。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段““Thetrainingownedmylifeforthreemonths,withnightclassesandSaturdaysessionscoveringeverythingfromoperatingapumppaneltothrowingladders(梯子),”hesays.“Westartedeverysessionwitha‘donningdrill’,racingtoput18kofequipmentoninunderaminute.WesometimeshadtodoitfourorfivetimesandIwasstaggering(搖晃)bytheend.Itimmediatelyimprovedmyfitness.”(他說：“培訓(xùn)占據(jù)了我三個月的生活，包括夜間課程和周六課程，涵蓋了從操作泵面板到投擲梯子的所有內(nèi)容?！薄拔覀兠看斡?xùn)練都以‘穿戴訓(xùn)練’開始，在一分鐘內(nèi)完成18k的裝備。有時我們要做四五次，到最后我都搖搖晃晃的。它立即改善了我的健康狀況?！?”可知，第三段描述了Miller的消防培訓(xùn)經(jīng)歷。故選B?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中““Theworstfeelingiswhenyougetpaged,showupandyou’retheonlyoneatthestation.ThathappenedoncewhenIwasearlyintomytraininganditwasterrifyingthinkingIwouldhavetoleadthecallout.”(“最糟糕的感覺是，當(dāng)你被呼叫時，你是車站里唯一的一個人。我剛開始訓(xùn)練的時候就發(fā)生過一次這樣的事，一想到我必須領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這個組織，我就覺得很可怕。”)”可知，他最糟糕的感覺是接到火警后一個人去執(zhí)行任務(wù)。故選D【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Oneoftheessentialthingsinlifeistofeelthatyoureffortshavemeaningandthatyouaremakingadifference.I’llkeepgoingaslongasI’mable.Itgetsinyourblood.”hesays.(“生活中最重要的事情之一就是感覺到你的努力有意義，并且你在產(chǎn)生影響。只要我還能做，我就會繼續(xù)下去。這已經(jīng)成為我的一部分。”他說。)”可知，他繼續(xù)消防志愿者工作是因為他找到了人生的目標(biāo)，故選C。CHollywoodmayhavewarnedabouttherisksofstrikinguprelationshipswithartificialintelligenceinSpikeJonze’slatestfeature‘Her’.Setinthenot-too-distantfuture,ittellsthestoryofTwomblywhofindshimselffallinginlovewithanartificiallyintelligentvirtualassistantpersonifiedthroughafemalevoice.Butonecomputerscientistsayswemaybemissingatrickifwedonotacceptthepositivesthathuman-machinerelationshipshavetooffer.TonyPrescott,professorofcognitiveroboticsattheUniversityofSheffieldarguesthatAIhasanimportantroletoplayinpreventinghumanloneliness.Justaswedevelopmeaningfulbondswithpets,soshouldwebeopentothevalueofAItoadults,hesays.Thedegreeofthelonelinessproblemhasbecomeclearinrecentyears.IntheUK,morethan79%,ornearlyfourmillionpeople,areknowntoexperiencechronicloneliness,meaningtheyfeellonelyoftenoralways.AccordingtoaHarvardstudyfrom2021,morethanathirdofAmericansfeelseriousloneliness,andsomeoftheworst-affectedareyoungadultsandmotherswithsmallchildren.Theknock-oneffectsonwellbeingarealsobetterunderstood.Lonelinessislinkedtomoreheartdisease,dementia,stroke,depression,anxietyandprematuredeath,withanimpactonmortality(死亡率)equaltosmokingupto15cigarettesaday.Failuretoaddresstheproblem,wouldseetheworldcontinuingtosplinteruntilwecannolongerstandasacommunity.WhetherAIcan,orshould,bepartofthesolutionisnotanewdebate.MuraliDoraiswamy,professorofpsychiatryandmedicineatDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina,said:“Rightnow,alltheevidencepointstohavingaclosehumanfriendasthebestsolutionforloneliness.Butuntilsocietyprioritizessocialconnectedness,robotsareasolutionforthemillionsofpeoplewhohavenofriends.”“Weneedtobecarefultobuildinrulestoensuretheyaremoralandtrustworthy,andthatprivacyisprotected.”28.WhatdoesSpikeJonze’sHerfocuson?A.Petswell-beings. B.EffectsofLoneliness.C.AI’spersonalizedservice. D.Human-machinerelationships.29.Whydoestheauthorcitethenumbersinparagraph3?A.Todirectpeople’sattentiontoloneliness.B.Tostressthegravityorlonelinessintheworld.C.TocomparelonelinesscasesintheUKandUSA.D.Toclarifypeople’smisconceptionaboutloneliness.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“splinter”inparagraph4mean?A.Unite. B.Expand. C.Divide. D.Advance.31.WhatdoesDoraiswamythinkofturningtoAlforcompany?A.Itishighlydebatable. B.Itisnottheoreticallybased.C.Ittakeslongertimetoseeitseffect. D.Itisworkablebutneedsmoreguidance.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人工智能與人類關(guān)系的話題，通過引用電影《她》的情節(jié)引出話題，并介紹了專家對于人工智能在緩解人類孤獨感方面所起作用的觀點?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“HollywoodmayhavewarnedabouttherisksofstrikinguprelationshipswithartificialintelligenceinSpikeJonze’slatestfeature‘Her’.Setinthenot-too-distantfuture,ittellsthestoryofTwomblywhofindshimselffallinginlovewithanartificiallyintelligentvirtualassistantpersonifiedthroughafemalevoice.(好萊塢可能已經(jīng)在斯派克·瓊斯的最新電影《她》中警告過與人工智能建立關(guān)系的風(fēng)險。故事設(shè)定在不遠(yuǎn)的未來，講述了Twombly發(fā)現(xiàn)自己愛上了一個通過女性聲音擬人化的人工智能虛擬助手的故事)”可知，SpikeJonze的電影《她》關(guān)注的是人與機(jī)器之間的關(guān)系。故選D項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thedegreeofthelonelinessproblemhasbecomeclearinrecentyears.IntheUK,morethan79%,ornearlyfourmillionpeople,areknowntoexperiencechronicloneliness,meaningtheyfeellonelyoftenoralways.AccordingtoaHarvardstudyfrom2021,morethanathirdofAmericansfeelseriousloneliness,andsomeoftheworst-affectedareyoungadultsandmotherswithsmallchildren.(近年來，孤獨問題的程度已經(jīng)變得清晰。在英國，已知有超過79%，即近400萬人經(jīng)歷著長期的孤獨，這意味著他們經(jīng)?；蚩偸歉械焦陋?。根據(jù)哈佛大學(xué)2021年的一項研究，超過三分之一的美國人感到嚴(yán)重的孤獨，其中受影響最嚴(yán)重的是年輕人和有小孩的母親)”可知，作者在第三段中引用數(shù)字是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)世界上孤獨問題的嚴(yán)重性。故選B項。【30題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Lonelinessislinkedtomoreheartdisease,dementia,stroke,depression,anxietyandprematuredeath,withanimpactonmortality(死亡率)equaltosmokingupto15cigarettesaday.(孤獨與更多的心臟病、癡呆、中風(fēng)、抑郁、焦慮和早逝有關(guān)，對死亡率的影響相當(dāng)于每天吸多達(dá)15支煙)”可知，孤獨會導(dǎo)致死亡。結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中“Failuretoaddresstheproblem(未能解決這個問題)”和“untilwecannolongerstandasacommunity.(直到我們無法再作為一個社區(qū)而存在)”可推知，如不解決孤獨問題，死亡問題將導(dǎo)致世界繼續(xù)分裂，直到我們無法再作為一個社區(qū)存在。故畫線詞意思是“分裂”，與divide意思相近。故選C項。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Doraiswamy的話“Rightnow,alltheevidencepointstohavingaclosehumanfriendasthebestsolutionforloneliness.Butuntilsocietyprioritizessocialconnectedness,robotsareasolutionforthemillionsofpeoplewhohavenofriends.(目前，所有的證據(jù)都表明，有一個親密的人類朋友是解決孤獨問題的最好辦法。但在社會把社交聯(lián)系放在首位之前，機(jī)器人是數(shù)百萬沒有朋友的人的解決方案)”和“Weneedtobecarefultobuildinrulestoensuretheyaremoralandtrustworthy,andthatprivacyisprotected.(我們需要小心制定規(guī)則，確保它們是道德的、值得信賴的，并且隱私得到保護(hù))”可知，Doraiswamy認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)向人工智能作為陪伴是可行的，但需要更多的指導(dǎo)來確保其道德、可信賴以及隱私保護(hù)。故選D項。DTherestorativeeffectofagoodnight’snestiswidelyrecognizedandthepopularscientificexplanationhasbeenthatthebrainwashesourtoxins(毒素)duringsleep.However,newfindingssuggestthistheory,whichhasbecomeadominantviewinneuroscience,couldbewrong.Thestudyfoundthattheclearanceandmovementoffluidinthebrainsofmicewas,infact,markedlyreducedduringsleep.Inthelateststudy,researchersusedafluorescentdyetostudythebrainsofmice.Thisallowedthemtoseehowquicklythedyemovedfromfluidfilledspaces,calledtheventricles,tootherbrainregionsandenabledthemtomeasuretherateofclearanceofthedyefromthebraindirectly.Thestudyshowedthattheclearanceofthedyewasreducedbyabout30%insleepingmice,comparedwithmicethatwerekeptawake.Thefindingshaverelevancefordementia(癡呆)researchduetotheincreasingevidenceofalinkbetweenpoorsleepandAlzheimer’srisk.IthasnotbeenclearwhetherlackofsleepmightcauseAlzheimer’s,orwhetheritissimplyanearlysymptom.Somehadhypothesized(假設(shè))thatwithoutenoughsleep,thebrainmaynotbeabletocleartoxinseffectively,butthelatestresearchraisesdoubtsaboutthereasonabilityofthisexplanation.Disruptedsleepisacommonsymptomexperiencedbypeoplelivingwithdementia.However,scientistsstilldonotknowitthisisaconsequenceoradrivingfactorinthediseaseprogression.Itmaywellbethathavinggoodsleepdoeshelptoreducedementiariskforreasonsotherthanclearingtoxins.“Thefieldhasbeensofocusedontheclearanceideaasoneofthekeyreasonswhywesleep,andwewereofcourseverysurprisedtoobservetheoppositeinourresults,”saidProfBillWisden,co-leadauthorofthestudy.“Ourstudyhasshownthatbrainclearanceishighlyefficientduringthewakingstate.Ingeneral,beingawake,activeandexercisingmaymoreefficientlycleanthebrainoftoxins.”32.Whatdidthenewresearchfocuson?A.Brain’swaste-removalability. B.Thepatternofmice’smovement.C.Thebenefitsofagoodnight’srest. D.Brain’ssleep-wakecycledisorders.33.Whatdoesparagraph2focuson?A.Thefact-findingprocess. B.Theresearchimplications.C.Thetheoreticalbasisofthestudy. D.Theelementsoftheresearchdesign.34.Itcanbelearntfromthetextthat________.A.clearingtoxinsisakey/reasonforsleeping B.lackofsleepisasymptomofAlzheimer’sC.enoughsleephelpscleartoxinseffectively D.goodsleepislikelytoreducedementiarisk35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Lackofsleepisahiddenhealthcrisis B.Sleepdoesn’thelpbrainwashouttoxinsC.Agoodnight’ssleepcouldcutdementiarisk D.Disruptedsleeppatternscanleadtodementia【答案】32.A33.A34.D35.B【語篇解讀】本文體裁為說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于睡眠期間大腦功能的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，特別是關(guān)于大腦是否在睡眠期間清除毒素的爭議。【32題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中“Therestorativeeffectofagoodnight’snestiswidelyrecognizedandthepopularscientificexplanationhasbeenthatthebrainwashesourtoxins(毒素)duringsleep.However,newfindingssuggestthistheory,whichhasbecomeadominantviewinneuroscience,couldbewrong.Thestudyfoundthattheclearanceandmovementoffluidinthebrainsofmicewas,infact,markedlyreducedduringsleep.(睡個好覺的恢復(fù)作用得到了廣泛的認(rèn)可，流行的科學(xué)解釋是，大腦在睡眠時洗掉了我們的毒素。然而，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這個已經(jīng)成為神經(jīng)科學(xué)主流觀點的理論可能是錯誤的。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實上，老鼠大腦中液體的清除和運動在睡眠期間明顯減少。)”和第二段“Inthelateststudy,researchersusedafluorescentdyetostudythebrainsofmice.Thisallowedthemtoseehowquicklythedyemovedfromfluidfilledspaces,calledtheventricles,tootherbrainregionsandenabledthemtomeasuretherateofclearanceofthedyefromthebraindirectly.Thestudyshowedthattheclearanceofthedyewasreducedbyabout30%insleepingmice,comparedwithmicethatwerekeptawake.(在最新的研究中，研究人員使用熒光染料來研究老鼠的大腦。這使他們能夠看到染料從充滿液體的空間（稱為心室）移動到大腦其他區(qū)域的速度有多快，并使他們能夠直接測量染料從大腦中清除的速度。研究表明，與保持清醒的老鼠相比，睡著的老鼠對染料的清除減少了約30%。)”可知，新的研究關(guān)注的是大腦的廢物清除能力。故選A。【33題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第二段“Inthelateststudy,researchersusedafluorescentdyetostudythebrainsofmice.Thisallowedthemtoseehowquicklythedyemovedfromfluidfilledspaces,calledtheventricles,tootherbrainregionsandenabledthemtomeasuretherateofclearanceofthedyefromthebraindirectly.Thestudyshowedthattheclearanceofthedyewasreducedbyabout30%insleepingmice,comparedwithmicethatwerekeptawake.(在最新的研究中，研究人員使用熒光染料來研究老鼠的大腦。這使他們能夠看到染料從充滿液體的空間（稱為心室）移動到大腦其他區(qū)域的速度有多快，并使他們能夠直接測量染料從大腦中清除的速度。研究表明，與保持清醒的老鼠相比，睡著的老鼠對染料的清除減少了約30%。)”可知，第二段主要介紹了事實發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程。故選A。【34題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Itmaywellbethathavinggoodsleepdoeshelptoreducedementiariskforreasonsotherthanclearingtoxins.(這很可能是因為良好的睡眠確實有助于降低癡呆癥的風(fēng)險，而不是清除毒素。)”可知，良好的睡眠可能會降低癡呆的風(fēng)險。故選D。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“However,newfindingssuggestthistheory,whichhasbecomeadominantviewinneuroscience,couldbewrong.Thestudyfoundthattheclearanceandmovementoffluidinthebrainsofmicewas,infact,markedlyreducedduringsleep.(然而，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，這個已經(jīng)成為神經(jīng)科學(xué)主流觀點的理論可能是錯誤的。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，事實上，老鼠大腦中液體的清除和運動在睡眠期間明顯減少。)”可知，文章主要講述了新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠期間大腦不會清除毒素，與以往的觀點相反。因此，B選項“Sleepdoesn’thelpbrainwashouttoxins(睡眠不能幫助大腦清除毒素)”符合題意。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Fromconvincingapotentialnewclienttosharingyourknowledgewithyourpeers,presentinghelpsyougetkeyideasacrosstoalargeaudience.___36___Ifyou’relookingtogetstartedindevelopingeffectivepresentationskills,thesehandytipswillallowyoutoimproveyourpresentations.Speakfreely___37___Tomakethepresentationaslivelyandenjoyableaspossible,youshouldavoidreadingatoff.Speakfreely,slowly,andclearly.Ifyouarenotyetconfidentinwhatyouarepresenting,tryusingnotecards.Butkeepinmind:Nocontinuoustext,butonlyshort,concisebulletpoints!BeconfidentByappearingself-confident,youconveytothelistenerthatyouareconfidentinyourtopicandhavepreparedyourselfsufficiently.___38___Anothertipforadvancedspeakers:Stepoutinfrontofthepodiumandwalkaroundtheroomandgetclosertotheaudience.Thisalsoexudes(散發(fā))self-confidenceandhelpsinattractingyouraudience’sattention.EngagewiththeaudienceAlwaystrytokeeptheattentionofyouraudienceandkeepthemengagedduringapresentation.Onewaytodothisistoaskquestions.Deliberatelyask“easy”questionssothatcaneasilybeansweredbyyouraudience.Anotherwaytoinvolvetheaudienceinyourpresentationisbyinteractingwiththem.Tomakeapointclearer,youcanuseanexampletoexplainitinmoredetail,usingaperson.___39___SpeakthelanguageoftheaudienceWhencreatingyourpresentation,youshouldalreadythinkaboutyourtargetaudience.Itisoneofthemostusefultoolsinapresenter’st?olbox.Itisespeciallyimportantthatyouspeakthelanguageoftheaudience.___40___Ifyouhavetouseforeignwords,explaintheminahandoutorfootnotewithinthepresentation.A.Theheadlinespeaksforitself.B.AjokeortwocankeeptheminterestedC.Toomuchinformationisworsethantoolittle.D.Trytorelaxandnotappeartoostressedornervous.E.However,howyoudeliverthatinformationisimportant.F.Youcanaddressparticipantsdirectlyandrefertotheirwork.G.