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Chapter5TheVictorianAgeUnit1CharlesDickensCharlesDickens(1812-1870)從小多病但酷愛讀書9歲,父親因債務(wù)入獄,全家搬進(jìn)債務(wù)監(jiān)獄11歲,鞋油作坊做工15歲,輟學(xué)到律師事務(wù)所當(dāng)繕寫員19歲,記者,采寫法律界的新聞1833年起,共創(chuàng)作19部長篇小說,大量中短篇小說、散文、書信和演說詞、兩部札記和一部兒童英國史體驗(yàn)世態(tài)虛偽、貧富懸殊、法律黑暗和官場腐敗為創(chuàng)作積累豐富素材,影響他的政治觀點(diǎn)積勞成疾,1870年,猝然離世CharlesDickens(1812-1870)主要作品1836-1837年,PickwickPapers《匹克威客外傳》第一部長篇作品,連載出版,獲得很高聲譽(yù)第一時(shí)期:1833年至1841年1837-1839年,OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》描寫孤兒生活揭露教育制度反映小私有者悲慘命運(yùn)以英國發(fā)生的“戈登暴亂”為題材的歷史小說1838-1839年,NicholasNickleby《尼古拉斯·尼克貝爾》1841年,BarnabyRudge《巴納比·拉奇》1840-1841年,TheOldCuriosityShop《老古玩店》1833年,第一篇諷刺幽默短文。此后經(jīng)常在報(bào)紙雜志上發(fā)表特寫、短篇故事和描寫性散文。1836年,他把這些作品收集出版,題名SketchesbyBoz《博茲特寫集》CharlesDickens(1812-1870)主要作品1842年,AmericanNotes《游美札記》第二時(shí)期:1842年至1850年1843-1844年,MartinChuzzlewit《馬丁·朱述爾維特》1843-1848年,ChristmasTales《圣誕故事集》1849-1850年,DavidCopperfield《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》1846-1848年,DombeyandSon《董貝父子》CharlesDickens(1812-1870)主要作品1852-1853年,BleakHouse《荒涼山莊》第三時(shí)期:1851年至1870年1857年,HardTimes《艱難時(shí)事》1855-1857年,LittleDorrit《小杜麗》1860-1861年,GreatExpectations《遠(yuǎn)大前程》1859年,ATaleofTwoCities《雙城記》這一時(shí)期,他將筆鋒指向資本主義社會(huì)的要害之處,批判的深度和廣度都超過了以前的作品。小說悲劇色彩更為濃厚,諷刺也更為尖刻。DavidCopperfield?大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾?是狄更斯的自傳體小說,書中大量采用了作者的親身經(jīng)歷。在小說序言里,狄更斯寫道:“在我所有的著作中,我最喜愛這一部……正如許多溺愛子女的父母,我在內(nèi)心深處有一個(gè)寵愛的孩子,他的名字就是“大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾”。小說以孤兒大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾的成長和遭遇為主要線索,通過主人公的自述,展開豐富有趣的情節(jié)。大衛(wèi)是個(gè)遺腹子,母親改嫁富商摩德斯通先生(Mr

Murdstone),從此母子倆受盡摩德斯通及其姐姐摩德斯通的欺凌。大衛(wèi)被送進(jìn)了寄宿學(xué)校,他母親因終日受氣抑郁而死。年僅10歲的大衛(wèi)被送到倫敦一家啤酒作坊當(dāng)童工,寄居在窮跑街的密考伯先生(Micawber)家中。他不堪忍受童工生活的勞累和屈辱,逃出倫敦,投奔從未見過面的有錢的姨婆(Betsey

Trotwood),在她供養(yǎng)下讀書成人,并憑努力逐漸在創(chuàng)作上取得成就。他與律師的女兒朵拉(Dora)結(jié)婚,但是氣質(zhì)上的差異妨礙他們倆得到真正的幸福,嬌弱的朵拉不幸早亡。在此前后,大衛(wèi)的周圍也發(fā)生了一系列變故。最后大衛(wèi)與少年時(shí)代的朋友、善良聰慧的艾格妮斯(Agnes)結(jié)婚,獲得了真正的幸福。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)小說的第11章,講述了年幼的大衛(wèi)初到倫敦當(dāng)童工的經(jīng)歷,描述了大衛(wèi)與密考伯這位可憐、可笑又可愛的人物初次會(huì)面的情景以及這一家人的境遇。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)NowordscanexpressthesecretagonyofmysoulasIsunkintothiscompanionship;comparedthesehenceforthevery-dayassociateswiththoseofmyhappierchildhood--nottosaywithSteerforth,Traddles,andtherestofthoseboys;andfeltmyhopesofgrowinguptobealearnedanddistinguishedman,crushedinmybosom.ThedeepremembranceofthesenseIhad,ofbeingutterlywithouthopenow;oftheshameIfeltinmyposition;ofthemiseryitwastomyyounghearttobelievethatdaybydaywhatIhadlearned,andthought,anddelightedin,andraisedmyfancyandmyemulationupby,wouldpassawayfromme,littlebylittle,nevertobebroughtbackanymore;cannotbewritten.AsoftenasMickWalkerwentawayinthecourseofthatforenoon,ImingledmytearswiththewaterinwhichIwaswashingthebottles;andsobbedasiftherewereaflawinmyownbreast,anditwereindangerofbursting.我淪落到這么一個(gè)圈子里,把這些從此與我朝夕為伴的人與我快樂童年時(shí)代的那些伙伴—不必說斯梯福茲,特拉德爾,以及其他同學(xué)了—相比較,我覺得我要成為博學(xué)多識(shí)、卓越優(yōu)秀的人希望在心頭已破滅了。當(dāng)時(shí)的徹底絕望,因所處地位的卑賤,深信過去所學(xué)、所想、所喜愛、并引起遐想和上進(jìn)心的一切正一天天、一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)離我而去,那年輕的心所受的痛苦,對(duì)這一切的深刻記憶是無法寫出來的。當(dāng)米克·活克爾上午離開后,我的眼淚立刻流進(jìn)了洗瓶子的水里,我哽咽著,好像胸頭有一道裂縫隨時(shí)行將迸開一樣。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Thecounting-houseclockwasathalfpasttwelve,andtherewasgeneralpreparationforgoingtodinner,whenMr.Quiniontappedatthecounting-housewindow,andbeckonedtometogoin.Iwentin,andfoundthereastoutish,middle-agedperson,inabrownsurtoutandblacktightsandshoes,withnomorehairuponhishead(whichwasalargeone,andveryshining)thanthereisuponanegg,andwithaveryextensiveface,whichheturnedfulluponme.Hisclotheswereshabby,buthehadanimposingshirt-collaron.Hecarriedajauntysortofastick,withalargepairofrustytasselstoit;andaquizzing-glasshungoutsidehiscoat,-forornament,Iafterwardsfound,asheveryseldomlookedthroughit,andcouldn'tseeanythingwhenhedid.帳房的鐘指到十二點(diǎn)半,大家都準(zhǔn)備去吃午吃了。這時(shí),奎寧先生敲敲帳房的窗子,作手勢要我進(jìn)去。我進(jìn)了帳房,看到那里有個(gè)大塊頭中年人,穿著褐色外套、黑色緊身褲和黑鞋。他的頭很大,亮光光的;上面的頭發(fā)決不比一個(gè)雞蛋上的多,他把那寬寬的大臉完全轉(zhuǎn)向我。他衣衫寒酸,卻戴一條很打眼的硬假領(lǐng)。他的手杖挺帥氣,上面還系了對(duì)褪色的大穗子,外套上還掛了個(gè)單片眼鏡——后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)這只是個(gè)飾物,因?yàn)樗麕缀鯊牟挥盟词裁礀|西,就算他看也看不見什么。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)“This,”saidMr.Quinion,inallusiontomyself,“ishe.”'This,'saidthestranger,withacertaincondescendingrollinhisvoice,andacertainindescribableairofdoingsomethinggenteel,whichimpressedmeverymuch,'isMasterCopperfield.IhopeIseeyouwell,sir?'IsaidIwasverywell,andhopedhewas.Iwassufficientlyillatease,Heavenknows;butitwasnotinmynaturetocomplainmuchatthattimeofmylife,soIsaidIwasverywell,andhopedhewas.'Iam,'saidthestranger,'thankHeaven,quitewell.IhavereceivedaletterfromMr.Murdstone,inwhichhementionsthathewoulddesiremetoreceiveintoanapartmentintherearofmyhouse,whichisatpresentunoccupied-andis,inshort,tobeletasa-inshort,'saidthestranger,withasmileandinaburstofconfidence,'asabedroom-theyoungbeginnerwhomIhavenowthepleasureto-'andthestrangerwavedhishand,andsettledhischininhisshirt-collar.“這,”奎寧先生指著我說,“就是他?!薄斑@,”那位陌生人說,他給我印象很深的是那種屈就下交的語調(diào),還有那種從事上流職業(yè)的無法形容的神態(tài),“就是科波菲爾少爺了。我希望你貴體無恙,先生。”我說我很好,也希望他很好。我當(dāng)時(shí)十分不安,上天知道;但我不愿在那時(shí)訴苦,所以我說我很好,并希望他也很好。“謝天謝地,”那陌生人說,“我很好。我收到默德斯通先生的一封信,他在信中說,希望我把我那現(xiàn)在未住人的后一部房屋當(dāng)作——簡言之,出租——簡言之,”那陌生人笑了笑,迸發(fā)出勇氣說,“當(dāng)作臥室——租給我此刻有幸結(jié)識(shí)的年輕創(chuàng)業(yè)人——”那陌生人揮揮手,把下巴擱進(jìn)那硬襯領(lǐng)里。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)'ThisisMr.Micawber,'saidMr.Quiniontome.'Ahem!'saidthestranger,'thatismyname.''Mr.Micawber,'saidMr.Quinion,'isknowntoMr.Murdstone.Hetakesordersforusoncommission,whenhecangetany.HehasbeenwrittentobyMr.Murdstone,onthesubjectofyourlodgings,andhewillreceiveyouasalodger.''Myaddress,'saidMr.Micawber,'isWindsorTerrace,CityRoad.I-inshort,'saidMr.Micawber,withthesamegenteelair,andinanotherburstofconfidence-'Ilivethere.'Imadehimabow.'Undertheimpression,'saidMr.Micawber,'thatyourperegrinationsinthismetropolishavenotasyetbeenextensive,andthatyoumighthavesomedifficultyinpenetratingthearcanaoftheModernBabyloninthedirectionoftheCityRoad,-inshort,'saidMr.Micawber,inanotherburstofconfidence,'thatyoumightloseyourself-Ishallbehappytocallthisevening,andinstallyouintheknowledgeofthenearestway.'“這是米考伯先生,”奎寧先生對(duì)我說?!班藕?!”陌生人說,“這是我的姓氏?!薄懊芸疾壬笨鼘幭壬f,“和默德斯通先生相識(shí)。他給我們拉生意,只要他拉到了客戶,我們就付他傭金,他收到了默德斯通先生請(qǐng)他替你安排住處的信,并愿意收你當(dāng)他的房客?!薄拔业牡刂肥?,”米考伯先生說,“都會(huì)路,溫澤巷。我——簡言之,”米考伯先生又一度迸發(fā)出勇氣說,但還是用那種上流人的神態(tài)——“我就住在那里?!蔽蚁蛩狭艘还??!耙牢抑?,”米考伯先生說,“你在這大都市的見聞尚不甚廣泛,要穿過這現(xiàn)代巴比倫的迷宮時(shí)都會(huì)路——簡言之,”米考伯先生又一次迸發(fā)出勇氣說,“你可能會(huì)迷失方向——我很高興今晚來這里,用最近的路線的知識(shí)將你武裝起來?!盌avidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Ithankedhimwithallmyheart,foritwasfriendlyinhimtooffertotakethattrouble.'Atwhathour,'saidMr.Micawber,'shallI-''Atabouteight,'saidMr.Quinion.'Atabouteight,'saidMr.Micawber.'Ibegtowishyougoodday,Mr.Quinion.Iwillintrudenolonger.'Soheputonhishat,andwentoutwithhiscaneunderhisarm:veryupright,andhummingatunewhenhewasclearofthecounting-house.Mr.QuinionthenformallyengagedmetobeasusefulasIcouldinthewarehouseofMurdstoneandGrinby,atasalary,Ithink,ofsixshillingsaweek.Iamnotclearwhetheritwassixorseven.Iaminclinedtobelieve,frommyuncertaintyonthishead,thatitwassixatfirstandsevenafterwards.Hepaidmeaweekdown(fromhisownpocket,Ibelieve),andIgaveMealysixpenceoutofittogetmytrunkcarriedtoWindsorTerracethatnight:itbeingtooheavyformystrength,smallasitwas.Ipaidsixpencemoreformydinner,whichwasameatpieandaturnataneighbouringpump;andpassedthehourwhichwasallowedforthatmeal,inwalkingaboutthestreets.我真心真意地謝了他。因?yàn)樗乖敢赓M(fèi)神,真是太熱誠了?!皫c(diǎn),”米考伯先生說,“我可以——”“八點(diǎn)左右?!笨鼘幭壬f?!按蠹s八點(diǎn),”米考伯先生說,“再見,奎寧先生。我不再打擾了。”于是,他戴上帽,夾著手杖,身子挺得筆直地走了出去,哼著曲子離開了帳房。就這樣,我正式被奎寧先生雇在默德斯通·格林伯公司的批發(fā)店里做我力所能及的事,薪水嘛,我想是一星期六先令吧。我記不清是六先令還是七先令了。在這一點(diǎn)上我不能確定,我傾向于是六先令;先是六先令,后來是七先令。他立刻付了我一星期的(我相信是他從自己口袋里掏的),我又從中拿出六便士給白粉,請(qǐng)他晚上幫我把那箱子拿到溫澤巷去——箱子雖說不重,仍不是我那時(shí)的力氣所能扛起的。我又為我的午飯付了六便士,那由一張肉餅和街頭水龍頭的飲水組成。我還在街上散步了一會(huì),把規(guī)定用來吃那頓飯的一個(gè)小時(shí)打發(fā)掉了。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Attheappointedtimeintheevening,Mr.Micawberreappeared.Iwashedmyhandsandface,todothegreaterhonourtohisgentility,andwewalkedtoourhouse,asIsupposeImustnowcallit,together;Mr.Micawberimpressingthenameofstreets,andtheshapesofcornerhousesuponme,aswewentalong,thatImightfindmywayback,easily,inthemorning.ArrivedatthishouseinWindsorTerrace(whichInoticedwasshabbylikehimself,butalso,likehimself,madealltheshowitcould),hepresentedmetoMrs.Micawber,athinandfadedlady,notatallyoung,whowassittingintheparlour(thefirstfloorwasaltogetherunfurnished,andtheblindswerekeptdowntodeludetheneighbours),withababyatherbreast.Thisbabywasoneoftwins;andImayremarkherethatIhardlyever,inallmyexperienceofthefamily,sawboththetwinsdetachedfromMrs.Micawberatthesametime.Oneofthemwasalwaystakingrefreshment.晚上,到了約定的時(shí)間,米考伯先生又來了。我洗了手和臉,以示對(duì)他的那種派頭的敬意,然后我們一起朝我們的住宅走(我想,這時(shí)我也該這么說了)。一路上,米考伯先生把街名、拐彎住房屋式樣都教我記住,這樣明天早上我就不會(huì)費(fèi)事地找到回去的路了。到了他在溫澤巷的住宅后(我看出,這住宅也和他一樣寒酸,也和他一樣盡可能裝體面),他把我介紹給米考伯太太。米考伯太太是個(gè)瘦削憔悴的女人,一點(diǎn)也不年輕了,她正坐在客廳里(樓下沒有任何家具,窗簾總是放下好擋住鄰居的眼光)給一個(gè)嬰兒喂奶。這嬰兒是一對(duì)雙生子中的一個(gè)。我在這里可以說一下,我和這家相處時(shí),從沒見過那對(duì)雙生子同時(shí)不在米考伯太太懷里的時(shí)候,總有一個(gè)在吃奶。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Thereweretwootherchildren;MasterMicawber,agedaboutfour,andMissMicawber,agedaboutthree.These,andadark-complexionedyoungwoman,withahabitofsnorting,whowasservanttothefamily,andinformedme,beforehalfanhourhadexpired,thatshewas'aOrfling',andcamefromSt.Luke'sworkhouse,intheneighbourhood,completedtheestablishment.Myroomwasatthetopofthehouse,attheback:aclosechamber;stencilledalloverwithanornamentwhichmyyoungimaginationrepresentedasabluemuffin;andveryscantilyfurnished.'Ineverthought,'saidMrs.Micawber,whenshecameup,twinandall,toshowmetheapartment,andsatdowntotakebreath,'beforeIwasmarried,whenIlivedwithpapaandmama,thatIshouldeverfinditnecessarytotakealodger.ButMr.Micawberbeingindifficulties,allconsiderationsofprivatefeelingmustgiveway.'還有兩個(gè)孩子——米考伯少爺,大約四歲;米考伯小姐,大約三歲。還有一個(gè)皮膚很黑的年輕女仆,她有哼鼻子的習(xí)慣。不過半個(gè)小時(shí),她就告訴我她是個(gè)“苦兒”(意思是孤兒),從附近的圣路加貧民習(xí)藝所里來這兒的。這一家就有這么些人。我的臥室在后面的頂樓上,小小的房間全貼著一種花紋的墻紙,我童稚的想象力把那花紋和藍(lán)松餅聯(lián)想在一起,屋里只有很少的幾件家具?!皼]結(jié)婚之前,”米考伯太太喘著氣說,她帶了雙生子和另兩個(gè)孩子上樓帶我看住處,這時(shí)她坐了下來,“我和爸爸媽媽住在一起時(shí),我從沒想到過,我會(huì)不得不招收房客??墒敲卓疾壬龅嚼щy。我不能再考慮個(gè)人的感受了?!盌avidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Isaid:'Yes,ma'am.''Mr.Micawber'sdifficultiesarealmostoverwhelmingjustatpresent,'saidMrs.Micawber;'andwhetheritispossibletobringhimthroughthem,Idon'tknow.WhenIlivedathomewithpapaandmama,Ireallyshouldhavehardlyunderstoodwhatthewordmeant,inthesenseinwhichInowemployit,butexperientiadoesit,-aspapausedtosay.'IcannotsatisfymyselfwhethershetoldmethatMr.MicawberhadbeenanofficerintheMarines,orwhetherIhaveimaginedit.IonlyknowthatIbelievetothishourthatheWASintheMarinesonceuponatime,withoutknowingwhy.Hewasasortoftowntravellerforanumberofmiscellaneoushouses,now;butmadelittleornothingofit,Iamafraid.'IfMr.Micawber'screditorswillnotgivehimtime,'saidMrs.Micawber,'theymusttaketheconsequences;andthesoonertheybringittoanissuethebetter.Bloodcannotbeobtainedfromastone,neithercananythingonaccountbeobtainedatpresent(nottomentionlawexpenses)fromMr.Micawber.'我說:“是的,夫人?!薄澳壳?,米考伯先生的困難幾乎把人壓倒,”米考伯太太說,“我不知道他能不能度過這難關(guān),在娘家,我和爸爸媽媽住在一起時(shí),我真不懂困難這詞是什么意思,不懂我現(xiàn)在所說的這個(gè)詞的意思,可是經(jīng)歷使我懂得了——正如爸爸常說的那樣?!蔽也荒芸隙?,究竟是從她那里我知道米考伯先生做過海軍軍官,還是出于我想象。我只知道,至今我仍然相信他一度入過海軍,但不知道為什么。他現(xiàn)在為各種商戶在城里拉顧客,但我恐怕他收入很少或幾乎沒有進(jìn)項(xiàng)?!叭绻?,米考伯先生的債主不肯給他時(shí)間,”米考伯太太說,“他們就得自食其果了。他們把這事辦得越快就越好。石頭榨不出血,米考伯先生也榨不出錢還帳(更別說付訴訟費(fèi)了)?!盌avidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Inevercanquiteunderstandwhethermyprecociousself-dependenceconfusedMrs.Micawberinreferencetomyage,orwhethershewassofullofthesubjectthatshewouldhavetalkedaboutittotheverytwinsiftherehadbeennobodyelsetocommunicatewith,butthiswasthestraininwhichshebegan,andshewentonaccordinglyallthetimeIknewher.PoorMrs.Micawber!Shesaidshehadtriedtoexertherself,andso,Ihavenodoubt,shehad.Thecentreofthestreetdoorwasperfectlycoveredwithagreatbrass-plate,onwhichwasengraved'Mrs.Micawber'sBoardingEstablishmentforYoungLadies':butIneverfoundthatanyyoungladyhadeverbeentoschoolthere;orthatanyyoungladyevercame,orproposedtocome;orthattheleastpreparationwasevermadetoreceiveanyyounglady.TheonlyvisitorsIeversaw,orheardof,werecreditors.THEYusedtocomeatallhours,andsomeofthemwerequiteferocious.我無法理解,是就我的年齡而言,我過早的自立讓米考伯太太誤認(rèn)為我能理解,還是她對(duì)這個(gè)話題感興趣,如果她沒有其他人可以交流,她就會(huì)跟她的雙生子談?wù)勥@些,但就在這種壓力下她開始了,而且從我認(rèn)識(shí)她起,她就一直這樣說。可憐的米考伯太太!她說她曾努力試過,我并不懷疑她曾這樣做過。臨街門上中間幾乎被一塊大銅牌全遮住了,那銅牌上刻著:“米考伯夫人青年婦女宿舍”,可我從沒見到任何青年婦女在這里住宿過,沒見過任何青年婦女來過或提出過要來,也沒見過這里做過任何接待青年婦女的最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的準(zhǔn)備。我見到或聽到的來客全是債主。他們總是在任何時(shí)候來到,其中一些還好兇。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Onedirty-facedman,Ithinkhewasaboot-maker,usedtoedgehimselfintothepassageasearlyasseveno'clockinthemorning,andcallupthestairstoMr.Micawber-'Come!Youain'toutyet,youknow.Payus,willyou?Don'thide,youknow;that'smean.Iwouldn'tbemeanifIwasyou.Payus,willyou?Youjustpayus,d'yehear?Come!'Receivingnoanswertothesetaunts,hewouldmountinhiswrathtothewords'swindlers'and'robbers';andthesebeingineffectualtoo,wouldsometimesgototheextremityofcrossingthestreet,androaringupatthewindowsofthesecondfloor,whereheknewMr.Micawberwas.Atthesetimes,Mr.Micawberwouldbetransportedwithgriefandmortification,eventothelength(asIwasoncemadeawarebyascreamfromhiswife)ofmakingmotionsathimselfwitharazor;butwithinhalf-an-hourafterwards,hewouldpolishuphisshoeswithextraordinarypains,andgoout,hummingatunewithagreaterairofgentilitythanever.有一個(gè)一臉臟兮兮的人,我猜他是個(gè)鞋匠,總是早上七點(diǎn)鐘就鉆到走廊里,朝樓上的米考伯先生嚷嚷說:“下來!你還沒出門呢,你知道的。還我們錢,好不好?別藏著,你知道,那太可鄙了,我要是你就不會(huì)這么可鄙。還我們錢,好不好?你要還我們錢,聽見了嗎?下來!”這番辱罵得不到回應(yīng),他就氣得罵出“騙子”、“強(qiáng)盜”,而這樣仍得不到回應(yīng),他就走到街對(duì)面,沖著二樓窗子(他知道米考伯先生在那里)叫罵。這時(shí),米考伯先生好生傷悲羞愧,以至(有一次,我從他太太的尖叫聲中得知)用把刮胡子刀對(duì)自己比劃了一下??墒前雮€(gè)小時(shí)不到,他就會(huì)不惜力氣地擦亮皮鞋,哼著曲子出門時(shí),那神氣較平日還更像個(gè)體面人。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Mrs.Micawberwasquiteaselastic.

Ihaveknownhertobethrownintofaintingfitsbytheking'staxesatthreeo'clock,andtoeatlambchops,breaded,anddrinkwarmale(paidforwithtwotea-spoonsthathadgonetothepawnbroker's)atfour.Ononeoccasion,whenanexecutionhadjustbeenputin,cominghomethroughsomechanceasearlyassixo'clock,Isawherlying(ofcoursewithatwin)underthegrateinaswoon,withherhairalltornaboutherface;butIneverknewhermorecheerfulthanshewas,thatverysamenight,overavealcutletbeforethekitchenfire,tellingmestoriesaboutherpapaandmama,andthecompanytheyusedtokeep.米考伯太太也具有一樣的彈性。我曾親眼看到她在三點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)被法庭批下的帳單和訟費(fèi)單逼昏過去,可是四點(diǎn)鐘時(shí),她就吃裹面炸的羊排,喝熱麥酒(這些是當(dāng)?shù)魞蓚€(gè)茶匙后買回的)。有一次,我偶然提前在六點(diǎn)鐘回家,見她昏倒在火爐前(還帶著雙生子中的一個(gè)),頭發(fā)披在臉上,原來法庭剛剛強(qiáng)行采取了手段??删驮谀翘焱砩?,她一面在廚房的灶前烤牛肉,一面給我講她爸爸媽媽的故事,還告訴我他們過去的交往,我再?zèng)]見過她那樣興高采烈過了。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Inthishouse,andwiththisfamily,Ipassedmyleisuretime.Myownexclusivebreakfastofapennyloafandapennyworthofmilk,Iprovidedmyself.Ikeptanothersmallloaf,andamodicumofcheese,onaparticularshelfofaparticularcupboard,tomakemysupperonwhenIcamebackatnight.Thismadeaholeinthesixorsevenshillings,Iknowwell;andIwasoutatthewarehouseallday,andhadtosupportmyselfonthatmoneyalltheweek.FromMondaymorninguntilSaturdaynight,Ihadnoadvice,nocounsel,noencouragement,noconsolation,noassistance,nosupport,ofanykind,fromanyone,thatIcancalltomind,asIhopetogotoheaven!(…)Mr.Micawber'sdifficultieswereanadditiontothedistressedstateofmymind.InmyforlornstateIbecamequiteattachedtothefamily,andusedtowalkabout,busywithMrs.Micawber'scalculationsofwaysandmeans,andheavywiththeweightofMr.Micawber'sdebts.

在這所住宅里,和這一家人一起,我度過工余的時(shí)間,我給自己的早餐是一便士的面包和一便士的牛奶。我把另一小片面包和另一小塊干酪收在一個(gè)特殊的碗櫥里特殊的一層,留著我晚上回家做晚餐。這在那六或七先令里是筆很大的開支了。我對(duì)此很有數(shù);我整天就呆在那批發(fā)店里,整整一星期就靠那筆錢養(yǎng)活自己。從星期一早晨直到星期六的夜晚,我記不得有任何人給予我任何忠告、意見、鼓勵(lì)、安慰、幫助或支持,到我希望到天堂時(shí)也記不起。(……)米考伯先生的困難更加重了我的精神痛苦。我在這種孤苦伶仃的情形下,和那家人建立了很深的感情,時(shí)時(shí)惦著米考伯太太的各種籌款計(jì)劃,時(shí)時(shí)心頭壓著米考伯先生的債務(wù)。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)OnaSaturdaynight,whichwasmygrandtreat,-partlybecauseitwasagreatthingtowalkhomewithsixorsevenshillingsinmypocket,lookingintotheshopsandthinkingwhatsuchasumwouldbuy,andpartlybecauseIwenthomeearly,-Mrs.Micawberwouldmakethemostheart-rendingconfidencestome;alsoonaSundaymorning,whenImixedtheportionofteaorcoffeeIhadboughtover-night,inalittleshaving-pot,andsatlateatmybreakfast.ItwasnothingatallunusualforMr.MicawbertosobviolentlyatthebeginningofoneoftheseSaturdaynightconversations,andsingaboutjack'sdelightbeinghislovelyNan,towardstheendofit.Ihaveknownhimcomehometosupperwithafloodoftears,andadeclarationthatnothingwasnowleftbutajail;andgotobedmakingacalculationoftheexpenseofputtingbow-windowstothehouse,'incaseanythingturnedup',whichwashisfavouriteexpression.AndMrs.Micawberwasjustthesame.星期六的夜里是我的好時(shí)光——部分因?yàn)槲铱诖镉辛肆蚱邆€(gè)先令,回家的路上望著那些店鋪,盤算著這筆錢可以買什么,這可是了不起的事;部分因?yàn)槲夷芑氐迷纭卓疾珪?huì)把最傷心的秘密向我傾訴;星期天早上她也會(huì)這樣,那時(shí)我把頭天晚上買回的茶或咖啡在一個(gè)刮臉用的小罐里調(diào)好,開始坐下吃那已過了鐘點(diǎn)的早餐。在這類星期六的夜間談話開始時(shí),米考伯先生總要痛苦忘情地哽咽一番,而談話將近結(jié)尾時(shí),他卻又在唱“杰克快樂地和南在一起”了。我曾看到他流著淚回家吃晚飯,嘴里叨念說只有進(jìn)監(jiān)獄是唯一出路;然后又盤算“如果有什么機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)”(這是他很引以自得的句子)可以弄到裝弓形窗所需的費(fèi)用入睡了。米考伯太太跟他完全一樣。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)Acuriousequalityoffriendship,originating,Isuppose,inourrespectivecircumstances,sprungupbetweenmeandthesepeople,notwithstandingtheludicrousdisparityinouryears.ButIneverallowedmyselftobeprevailedupontoacceptanyinvitationtoeatanddrinkwiththemoutoftheirstock(knowingthattheygotonbadlywiththebutcherandbaker,andhadoftennottoomuchforthemselves),untilMrs.Micawbertookmeintoherentireconfidence.Thisshedidoneeveningasfollows:'MasterCopperfield,'saidMrs.Micawber,'Imakenostrangerofyou,andthereforedonothesitatetosaythatMr.Micawber'sdifficultiesarecomingtoacrisis.'Itmademeverymiserabletohearit,andIlookedatMrs.Micawber'sredeyeswiththeutmostsympathy.'WiththeexceptionoftheheelofaDutchcheese-whichisnotadaptedtothewantsofayoungfamily'-saidMrs.Micawber,'thereisreallynotascrapofanythinginthelarder.IwasaccustomedtospeakofthelarderwhenIlivedwithpapaandmama,andIusethewordalmostunconsciously.WhatImeantoexpressis,thatthereisnothingtoeatinthehouse.'我們各自的境遇在我們之間形成了(我深信)一種奇特的友好平等關(guān)系,雖然我們的年齡懸殊得可笑。在米考伯太太把我視作她的心腹之交以前,我從不肯接受他們的邀請(qǐng)而由他們掏錢、和他們吃喝,(因?yàn)槲抑浪麄兒屯缿艏懊姘剃P(guān)系緊張,他們自己通常也沒什么太多的吃食)一天夜里,米考伯太太就像下面所說的那樣和我結(jié)成了心腹之交?!翱撇ǚ茽栂壬?,”米考伯太太說,“我把你不當(dāng)外人,所以不怕對(duì)你說:米考伯先生的困難已達(dá)到危急關(guān)頭了?!甭牭竭@話,我好生難過,看著米考伯太太紅紅的眼睛,我滿懷著無限同情?!俺艘粔K荷蘭干酪的皮——這是不適合一個(gè)有這么多小孩的一家所需的”——米考伯太太說,“食品間里真是什么也沒有了。我和爸爸媽媽住在一起時(shí),總習(xí)慣了說食品間,我?guī)缀醪恢挥X就說這個(gè)詞。我的意思是:家里什么吃的也沒有了?!盌avidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)'Dearme!'Isaid,ingreatconcern.Ihadtwoorthreeshillingsofmyweek'smoneyinmypocket-fromwhichIpresumethatitmusthavebeenonaWednesdaynightwhenweheldthisconversation-andIhastilyproducedthem,andwithheartfeltemotionbeggedMrs.Micawbertoacceptofthemasaloan.Butthatlady,kissingme,andmakingmeputthembackinmypocket,repliedthatshecouldn'tthinkofit.'No,mydearMasterCopperfield,'saidshe,'farbeitfrommythoughts!Butyouhaveadiscretionbeyondyouryears,andcanrendermeanotherkindofservice,ifyouwill;andaserviceIwillthankfullyacceptof.'IbeggedMrs.Micawbertonameit.“天哪!”我很關(guān)切地說。那時(shí)我口袋里那星期的工錢還有兩或三先令——由此我猜我們談話時(shí)是在一個(gè)星期三的晚上——我忙掏了出來,誠懇地請(qǐng)米考伯太太把它們收下權(quán)當(dāng)向我借的??赡翘贿呂俏?,一邊叫我把錢放回口袋,并說她連想也不能這么想?!安荒苓@樣,我親愛的科波菲爾先生,”她說,“我壓根就沒往這上面想!不過,你顯得比你的實(shí)際年齡要老成,如果你愿意,你可以在另一件事上幫我,我一定滿懷謝意接受這種幫助?!蔽艺?qǐng)米考伯太太說出來。DavidCopperfieldChapter11(excerpt)'Ihavepartedwiththeplatemyself,'saidMrs.Micawber.'Sixtea,twosalt,andapairofsugars,Ihaveatdifferenttimesborrowedmoneyon,insecret,withmyownhands.Butthetwinsareagreattie;andtome,withmyrecollections,ofpapaandmama,thesetransactionsareverypainful.Therearestillafewtriflesthatwecouldpartwith.Mr.Micawber'sfeelingswouldneverallowhimtodisposeofthem;andClickett'-thiswasthegirlfromtheworkhouse-'beingofavulgarmind,wouldtakepainfullibertiesifsomuchconfidencewasreposedinher.MasterCopperfield,ifImightaskyou-‘IunderstoodMrs.Micawbernow,andbeggedhertomakeuseofmetoanyextent.Ibegantodisposeofthemoreportablearticlesofpropertythatveryevening;andwentoutonasimilarexpeditionalmosteverymorning,beforeIwenttoMurdstoneandGrinby's.“我已親自把日常餐具脫手了,”米考伯太太說,“六把茶匙,兩把鹽匙,一把糖夾,都由我分別在幾次拿出去抵押借了錢。想到爸爸媽媽,我為這交易痛心,但這雙生子是個(gè)大包袱呀。我們還有幾件小物件可以脫手。米考伯先生的感情決不允許他親自來處置這些東西,克莉吉特呢,”——這是那個(gè)從習(xí)藝所來的女孩——“又生就下流,如過于信任她,反會(huì)令她叫人痛心地放縱??撇ǚ茽栂壬?,如果我可以請(qǐng)求你——”這時(shí),我明白了米考伯太太的意思,便求她只管差使我。就在當(dāng)天夜里,我開始處置那些較輕便的財(cái)產(chǎn)了;幾乎每天早晨,在去默德斯通·格林伯公司之前,我總要為同樣的交易出門一次。I

love

her

against

reason,

against

promise,

against

peace,

against

hope,

against

happiness,

against

alldiscouragement

that

could

be.Once

for

all.Annual

income

twenty

pounds,

annual

expenditure

nineteen

nineteen

six,

result

happiness.Annualincometwentypounds,annualexpendituretwentypoundoughtandsix,resultmisery.Constancy

in

love

is

a

good

thing;

but

it

means

nothing,

and

is

nothing,

without

constancy

in

every

kind

ofeffort.

———Charles

Dickens課后練習(xí)知識(shí)鏈接1.請(qǐng)用自己的語言闡述以“Undertheimpression”為開頭的段落.2.該選段的語言風(fēng)格有什么特點(diǎn)?Chapter5TheVictorianAgeUnit2CharlotteBronteCharlotteBronte(1816-1855)1824年,在慈善學(xué)校就讀父親將她領(lǐng)回親自執(zhí)教1831年,寄宿學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí),成績優(yōu)秀1835年,重返此校當(dāng)教師1842年,去布魯塞爾學(xué)習(xí)德語和法語1843年,在布魯塞爾任英語教師,并愛上有妻室的校長黑格先生因生活條件惡劣1844年,回國;開始創(chuàng)作生涯1854年,與父親的副牧師阿瑟·貝爾·尼古拉斯結(jié)婚1855年,因懷孕期間染病逝世主要作品1857年,Professor《牧師》第一部小說,根據(jù)她在布魯塞爾的經(jīng)歷寫成,因遭到出版商拒絕,她去世后才出版1847年,JaneEyre《簡愛》因題材新穎、感情真摯,很受歡迎沒有引起太多注意出版后獲得成功1847年12月,艾米莉的小說WutheringHeights《呼嘯山莊》、安妮的小說AgnesGrey《艾格尼絲·格雷》1853年,Villette《維萊特》;與此同時(shí),整理和再版兩個(gè)妹妹的詩歌和小說,并書寫回憶她們的文章1849年,Shirley《謝利》1846年,夏洛蒂三姐妹自費(fèi)出版化名詩集PoemsbyCurrer,EllisandActonBell《柯勒、埃利斯和阿克頓·貝爾詩集》CharlotteBronte(1816-1855)盡管受到冷遇,但給三姐妹帶來精神安慰夏洛蒂的四部小說從不同程度上以自己的經(jīng)歷和感受為基礎(chǔ),揭露了上層階級(jí)的殘酷、虛偽和不公,同時(shí)也展現(xiàn)了對(duì)窮人悲慘苦難生活的同情,描繪了一幅幅英國社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的畫面。JaneEyre簡·愛是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)為自己的基本權(quán)利和平等而奮斗的職業(yè)女性的代表,是為女性解放而奮斗的英雄。?簡·愛?是夏洛蒂的成名作,也是她最受歡迎的作品。故事發(fā)生在19世紀(jì)中葉英國的一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)村小鎮(zhèn)。主人公簡·愛是個(gè)孤女,被舅舅收養(yǎng),受到舅母和表兄姐的虐待,后被送進(jìn)孤兒院式的慈善學(xué)校。十年含辛茹苦的歲月教給了簡知識(shí),也培養(yǎng)了她的反抗意識(shí)。畢業(yè)后簡到莊園主羅徹斯特先生家擔(dān)任家庭教師。從簡的舉止言談中羅徹斯特看出她細(xì)膩豐富的精神世界和不趨炎附勢的可貴品質(zhì),被她深深吸引。而簡也在同主人的接觸中窺視到他的內(nèi)心痛苦,發(fā)現(xiàn)了與自己的精神相契合的東西。兩人不顧地位差異相愛了。在他們婚禮那天,羅徹斯特早有妻室的秘密被人揭穿。原來一直被囚禁的瘋女人就是他的妻子。于是,簡毅然離開羅徹斯特。經(jīng)歷了流浪和辛酸后,簡被牧師里弗斯兄妹救起。簡意外發(fā)現(xiàn)里弗斯兄妹竟是她的表親,而她的叔父給她留下一筆遺產(chǎn)。簡與表兄妹們平分了遺產(chǎn)。她的高尚品質(zhì)使里弗斯牧師向她求婚,并請(qǐng)求簡跟他去印度傳教。簡的內(nèi)心始終燃燒著對(duì)羅徹斯特的愛情,她拒絕了牧師的請(qǐng)求。簡重新回到羅徹斯特身邊。這時(shí)的桑菲爾德莊園已被瘋女人放火燒掉。瘋女人葬身火海,羅徹斯特也受了嚴(yán)重的外傷,雙目失明。然而外在的一切障礙都不能阻止內(nèi)心真正的選擇,簡最終和羅切斯特終成眷屬。JaneEyreVolume2,Chapter8第二卷第八章,以細(xì)膩的筆觸描述了簡·愛的獨(dú)立意識(shí)和追求平等的強(qiáng)烈愿望。JaneEyreVolume2,Chapter8AsplendidmidsummershoneoverEngland:skiessopure,sunssoradiantaswerethenseeninlongsuccession,seldomfavourevensingly,ourwave-girtland.ItwasasifabandofItaliandayshadcomefromtheSouth,likeaflockofgloriouspassengerbirds,andlightedtorestthemonthecliffsofAlbion.Thehaywasallgotin;thefieldsroundThornfieldweregreenandshorn;theroadswhiteandbaked;thetreeswereintheirdarkprime;hedgeandwood,full-leavedanddeeplytinted,contrastedwellwiththesunnyhueoftheclearedmeadowsbetween.OnMidsummer-eve,Adèle,wearywithgatheringwildstrawberriesinHayLanehalftheday,hadgonetobedwiththesun.Iwatchedherdropasleep,andwhenIlefther,Isoughtthegarden.仲夏明媚的陽光普照英格蘭。當(dāng)時(shí)那種一連幾天日麗天清的氣候,甚至一天半天都難得惠顧我們這個(gè)波浪環(huán)繞的島國。仿佛持續(xù)的意大利天氣從南方飄移過來,像一群燦爛的候鳥,落在英格蘭的懸崖上歇腳。干草己經(jīng)收好,桑菲爾德周圍的田野己經(jīng)收割干凈,顯出一片新綠。道路曬得白煞煞仿佛烤過似的,林木蔥郁,十分茂盛。樹籬與林子都葉密色濃,與它們之間收割過的草地的金黃色形成了鮮明的對(duì)比。施洗約翰節(jié)前夕,阿黛勒在海村小路上采了半天的野草莓,累壞了,太陽一落山就上床睡覺。我看著她入睡后,便離開她向花園走去。JaneEyreVolume2,Chapter8Itwasnowthesweetesthourofthetwenty-four:"Dayitsfervidfireshadwasted,"anddewfellcoolonpantingplainandscorchedsummit.Wherethesunhadgonedowninsimplestate--pureofthepompofcloudsspreadasolemnpurple,burningwiththelightofredjewelandfurnaceflameatonepoint,ononehill-peak,andextendinghighandwide,softandstillsofter,overhalfheaven.Theeasthaditsowncharmorfinedeepblue,anditsownmodestgem,acasinoandsolitarystar:soonitwouldboastthemoon;butshewasyetbeneaththehorizon.此刻是二十四小時(shí)中最甜蜜的時(shí)刻“白晝己耗盡了它的烈火,”清涼的露水落在喘息的平原和烤灼過的山頂上。在夕陽樸實(shí)地西沉--并不伴有華麗的云彩的地方,鋪展開了一抹莊嚴(yán)的紫色,在山峰的一個(gè)尖頂上燃一燒著紅寶石和爐火般的光焰,向高處和遠(yuǎn)處伸延,顯得越來越柔和,占據(jù)了半個(gè)天空。東方也自有它湛藍(lán)悅目的魅力,有它不事炫耀的寶石,一顆升起的孤星:它很快會(huì)以月亮而自豪,不過這時(shí)月亮還在地平線之下。JaneEyreVolume2,Chapter8Iwalkedawhileonthepavement;butasubtle,well-knownscent--thatofacigar--stolefromsomewindow;Isawthelibrarycasementopenahandbreadth;IknewImightbewatchedthence;soIwentapartintotheorchard.NonookinthegroundsmoreshelteredandmoreEden-like;averyhighwallshutitoutfromthecourt,ononeside;ontheother,abeechavenuescreeneditfromthelawn.Atthebottomwasasunkfence;itssoleseparationfromlonelyfields:awindingwalk,borderedwithlaurelsandterminatinginagianthorse-chestnut,circledatthebasebyaseat,leddowntothefence.Hereonecouldwanderunseen.Whilesuchhoney-dewfell,suchsilencereigned,suchgloaminggathered,IfeltasifIcouldhauntsuchshadeforever;butinthreadingtheflowerandfruitparterresattheupperpartoftheenclosure,enticedtherebythelightthenowrisingmooncastonthismoreopenquarter,mystepisstayednotbysound,notbysight,butoncemorebyawarningfragrance.在鋪筑過的路面上散了一會(huì)兒步;但是一陣細(xì)微而熟悉的清香--雪茄的氣味--悄悄地從某個(gè)窗子里鉆了出來。我看見圖書室的窗開了一手掌寬的縫隙;我知道可能有人會(huì)從那兒看我,因此我走開了,進(jìn)了果園。庭園里沒有比這更隱蔽,更象伊甸園的角落了。一邊有高墻同院子隔開;另一邊一條長滿山毛櫸的路,象屏障一般,把它和草坪分開。底下是一道矮籬,是它與孤寂的田野唯一的分界:一條蜿蜒的小徑通向籬笆,路邊長著月桂樹,路的盡頭是一棵巨大無比的七葉樹,樹底下圍著一排座位。你可以在這兒漫步而不被人看到。在這種玉露徐降、悄無聲息、夜色漸濃的時(shí)刻,我仿佛覺得會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)在這樣的陰影里躑躅。但這時(shí)我被初升的月亮投向園中高處開闊地的光芒所吸引,穿過花圃和果園,

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