2024年中考英語基礎(chǔ)語法專題練習名詞含解析

專題一 名詞學前自測（發(fā)覺考點）()1.Notmuchofthe____issurprisinginGuangzhouDailytoday.A.ideasB.newsC.opinionsD.articles()2.—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?—____,please.A.Twobottleoforange B.TwobottleoforangesC.Twobottlesoforange D.Twobottlesoforanges()3.—Ihad___forbreakfastthismorning.Whataboutyou,Lily?—Justapieceofbread.A.somenoodles B.afewnoodleC.alittlenoodle D.anoodle()4.Whenweareintrouble,weneedtoget___fromothers.A.manymoney B.someadviceC.manyhelp D.somechances()5.Greenrepresents____andnature.Whenyoufeelweak,youcanweargreen.A.sadness B.purity C.joy D.energy()6.Mickeyisoneofthemostfamous____inAmerican_____.A.symbol;culture B.symbol;culturesC.symbols;culture D.symbols;cultures()7.SpringisTom’sfavourite____.Helikeswarmweather.A.holiday B.season C.fruit D.drink()8.Inautumntherearealotof____ontheground.A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves D.leave()9.Look!Youcanseemany___inthepool.Andhereissome___foryoutokeepthem.A.fish;suggestion B.fishes;advicesC.fish;advice D.fishes;suggestion()10.___Dayiscoming.Iwillbuysome____forMissWu.A.Teacher's;flower B.Teachers';flowersC.Teachers';flower D.Teacher's;flowers?？伎键c學問清單（研習考點）考點一可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式1.規(guī)則改變狀況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般狀況加-spen—pens;doctor—doctors;map—maps以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加-esbus—buses;box—boxes;watch—watches;brush—brushes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)镮再加-esfactory—factories;family—families狀況構(gòu)成方法例詞以元音字母加y結(jié)尾只加-sboy—boys;day—days以o結(jié)尾有生命的加-esNegro—Negroes;hero—heroes;potato—potatoes;tomato—tomatoes巧記:黑人英雄喜愛吃土豆和西紅柿。(兩人兩菜)無生命的加-sphoto—photos;radio—radios;piano—pianos狀況構(gòu)成方法例詞以f或fe結(jié)尾將f或fe變?yōu)関再加-eswife—wives;thief—thieves;shelf—shelves;knife—knives;wolf—wolves;half—halves;leaf—leaves;life—lives巧記:妻見小偷架下藏,手拿小刀想殺狼,誰知落下半片葉,砸在頭上一命亡。加-sroof—roofs2.不規(guī)則改變(1)man—men;woman—women;child—children;foot—feet;tooth—teeth;goose—geese;mouse—mice(2)單復數(shù)相同:sheep—sheep;deer—deer;fish—fish留意:fish強調(diào)魚的條數(shù)的時候,單復數(shù)同形;強調(diào)魚的種類的時候,復數(shù)形式要加-es,即fishes。(3)某國人變復數(shù)的歌訣:中日不變英法變,其余-s加后面。Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese;Englishman—Englishmen;American—Americans(4)有些名詞本身是復數(shù)形式,如:clothes;pants;trousers;jeans;shorts;glasses;people等。留意:people當“人們”講時,本身是復數(shù)形式;當“民族”講時,是單數(shù)形式,其復數(shù)要在末尾加-s。apeople;56peoples3.復合名詞的數(shù)(1)一般狀況下把后面一個名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù),作定語的名詞不變。agirlstudent—fivegirlstudents;anappletree—tenappletrees(2)由man和woman構(gòu)成的復合名詞,變復數(shù)時要把名詞和man/woman同時變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)。amandoctor—threemendoctors;awomanteacher—sixwomenteachers(3)sport作定語修飾其他名詞時,無論主題詞是單數(shù)還是復數(shù),sport通常用復數(shù)形式。asportsclub;sportsshoes留意:時間名詞作定語有兩種形式:兩天的假期atwo-dayholiday或twodays’holiday非常鐘的路程aten-minuteride或tenminutes’ride考點二不行數(shù)名詞1.不行數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式,前面不能用不定冠詞a/an修飾,但可用much,alotof/lotsof,plentyof,some,lit-tle,alittle等修飾。作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Thereissometeainthecup.茶杯里有些茶。2.不行數(shù)名詞還常用“數(shù)詞/不定冠詞+量詞+of+不行數(shù)名詞”來表示不行數(shù)名詞的量。apieceofpaper一張紙,twocupsoftea兩杯茶,aglassofwater一玻璃杯水,threebottlesofpop三瓶汽水。作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于of前面的量詞的數(shù)。Therearethreeglassesoforangejuiceonthetable.桌子上有三杯橙汁?？键c三名詞全部格1.’s全部格狀況方法例子單數(shù)名詞加’smyfriend’suncle我摯友的叔叔以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞加’Teachers’Day老師節(jié)不以s結(jié)尾的復數(shù)名詞加’sChildren'sDay兒童節(jié)表示兩人共有在最終一個名詞后加’sLucyandLily'smother露西和莉莉的媽媽表示各自全部在各個名詞后加’sLucy’sandLily’srooms露西的房間和莉莉的房間2.of全部格主要用于表示無生命事物的全部關(guān)系。thenameofthefilm電影的名字thecoverofthebook書的封面3.雙重全部格“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞全部格”構(gòu)成雙重全部格形式。afriendofhers她的一個摯友afriendofMike's邁克的一個摯友考點四專出名詞專出名詞是指人、地方、團體、機構(gòu)等特有的名稱。它的第一個字母必需大寫。專出名詞前一般不加冠詞。1.表示人名、尊稱和頭銜的專出名詞Einstein愛因斯坦PresidentObama奧巴馬總統(tǒng)DoctorLin林博士/林醫(yī)生QueenElizabethII伊利莎白女王二世MrBrown布朗先生留意:人名的前面若有尊稱或頭銜,如Mr(先生),President(總統(tǒng))等時,其第一個字母也要大寫。2.表示國名、地名、山河名的專出名詞Korea韓國Paris巴黎PacificOcean太平洋Mississippi密西西比河Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗瑪峰3.表示團體、機構(gòu)和報刊的專出名詞MuseumofPostalHistory郵政博物館ChinaDaily中國日報SydneyOperaHouse悉尼歌劇院HarvardUniversity哈佛高校4.表示星期、月份和節(jié)日的專出名詞Monday星期一March三月NationalDay國慶節(jié)5.由一般名詞構(gòu)成的專出名詞theNorthPole北極theRiverNile尼羅河theForbiddenCity紫禁城theBund上海外灘theGreatWall長城theTempleofHeaven天壇theWhiteHouse白宮theTerracottaWarriors兵馬俑thePeople’sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國留意:上面列舉的由一般名詞構(gòu)成的專出名詞前要用定冠詞“the”,但它的首字母不大寫。鞏固訓練（夯實基礎(chǔ)）一、單項選擇()1.—MayIhelpyou?—Yes,I'dliketohave20____.Ineedthemtodrawpictures.A.pieceofpaper B.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapers D.pieceofpapers()2.—Howdoestheoldmanmakea___onthefarm?—Heraisesmany.A.life;duck B.living;horseC.life;bird D.living;sheep()3.—CanIhelpyou?—I'dlike____fortwindaughters.A.twopairofshoes B.twopairsofshoeC.twopairofshoe D.twopairsofshoes()4.—Kate,what'sinthebigbowl?—Afew_____andalittle.A.pear;water B.pears;watersC.pear;waters D.pears;water()5.—Thetwocitieshavereachedan____todevelopscienceandtechnology.—That'sgreat!A.educationB.excitement C.agreementD.invitation()6.—Look,myshirtisthesameasyour____.—Soitis.A.brother B.sisters C.brothers D.brother's()7.Recentlypeoplecaremoreaboutthesafetyof____.Everyonewantstoeathealthily.A.foods B.clothes C.buildings D.water()8.Inourschool,thenumberofwomenteachers____becominglargerandlarger.A.is B.are C.be D.been()9.—Therearetwenty____inourschool.—Yes,andtheyworkveryhard.A.manteacher B.manteachers C.menteachers D.menteacher()10.—Isawlotsof_____inthehall.—Andtherewereseveral_____init,too.A.American;Japanese B.Americans;JapaneseC.American;Japaneses D.Americans;Japaneses二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1.Weplayeda