2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT泛讀技能初養(yǎng)成學(xué)案新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGEUNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENT閱讀教材P8～9課文，選擇最佳答案1．WhatsubjectsdidAlbertEinsteinlikebestinmiddleschool?A．Politicsandgeography.B．Physicsandmaths.C．Englishandart.D．Chemistryandhistory.2．WhendidEinsteinpublishfourextraordinaryphysicspapers?A．In1902. B．In1904.C．In1905. D．In1906.3．WhywasEinsteinawardedthe1921NobelPrizeforPhysics?A．Becauseofhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect.B．Becauseofhiscourageousandkindcharacter.C．Becauseofhisstrongpassionforknowledge.D．Becauseofhisfull-timeresearchatauniversity.4．WhathappenedtoEinsteinin1933?A．HecametopowerinGermany.B．HewasforcedtoleaveGermany.C．HemovedtoEuropeforhisdegree.D．HerefusedtoworkasaresearcherintheUS.[答案]1－4BCABWordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1)circumstancen．[usuallypl.]條件；環(huán)境；狀況(教材P5)ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.我們幫不了琳達(dá)什么忙。她的境況是我們無法限制的。[例1]Hewasforcedbycircumstancestodothis.他做這件事是為形勢所迫。[例2]Thereisoneimportantcircumstanceyouhavenotmentioned.還有一個重要的條件你沒提到。[學(xué)問拓展]in/underthecircumstances 在這種狀況下in/undernocircumstances 決不；無論如何都不(置于句首時， 句子要用部分倒裝)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①In/Underthecircumstances,wemustrelyonourselves.②Undernocircumstancesshouldyoulendhimanymoney.③Youmustleaveyourpositionunder/innocircumstances.→In/Undernocircumstancesmustyouleaveyourposition．[名師點(diǎn)津]以下短語均意為“決不；無論如何也不”，置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝語序。atnotime,innoway,innosense,onnoaccount,onnoconditioneq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2)constructionn．建立；建筑；建筑物(教材P5)ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI．M.Pei—afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.正在建立的大樓是由聞名的美籍華裔建筑師貝聿銘設(shè)計的。[例1]Constructionofthenewroadhasnowbeencompleted.新馬路的建立現(xiàn)已完工。[例2]Thisisafineconstruction.這是一個完備的建筑。[學(xué)問拓展](1)(be)underconstruction 正在建設(shè)中；在施工(2)constructvt. 建筑；建立；創(chuàng)建；組成beconstructedof/outof/fromsth. 由……建成(3)constructiveadj. 建設(shè)性的；有助益的；主動的(4)constructorn. 建筑者；建筑公司[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Thenovelisconstructedof/fromaseriesofon-the-spotreports.②Theoldhousewasconstructed(construct)outofwood.③It'sdangeroustogetclosetothebuildingunderconstruction.④一家新的工廠正在建立中。Anewfactoryisunderconstruction．[小片段填空]SubwaysareunderconstructionortobeconstructedinmanyChinesecitiestodealwithtrafficjams.中國很多城市正在考慮修建或已經(jīng)在修建地鐵以解決城市的交通擁擠問題。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3)cometopower(起先)掌權(quán)；上臺(教材P8)Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.1933年，當(dāng)希特勒在德國掌權(quán)時，狀況發(fā)生了改變。[例1]Threeyearslater,hecametopower.三年后，他上臺掌權(quán)了。[例2]Thispartycametopoweratthelastelection.這個政黨是在上次大選中當(dāng)選執(zhí)政黨的。[學(xué)問拓展]beyond/outofone'spower 力所不能及的beinpower 執(zhí)政takepower 奪取政權(quán)doall/everythinginone'spowertodosth. 竭盡所能做某事[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Doyouknowwhenhecametopower?②Chinaisacountrywherethepeopleareinpower.③It'sbeyondmypowertounderstandhowthecomputerworks.④那個英明的人是何時執(zhí)政的？Whendidthatwisemancometopower?[名師點(diǎn)津]cometopower表示動作，beinpower表示狀態(tài)，所以cometopower不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，而beinpower可以。Howlonghashebeeninpower?他執(zhí)政多久了？eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4)consequencen.結(jié)果；后果(教材P8)Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.結(jié)果，他不得不逃離德國。[例1]Nobodycantellwhattheconsequencesmaybe.沒有人能說出可能的后果。[例2]Thiscouldhaveseriousconsequencesfortheeconomy.這可能會給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來嚴(yán)峻的后果。[學(xué)問拓展](1)inconsequence/asaconsequence＝asaresult 因此；結(jié)果inconsequenceof/asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof 由于……緣由(2)consequentadj. 隨之發(fā)生的；由……引起的(3)consequentlyadv. 所以；因而[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Shewasabrightandeagerstudentand,consequently(consequence),didwellinschool.②Thewarmingoftheearthandtheconsequent(consequence)climaticchangesaffectusall.③Itrainedyesterdayandinconsequencethematchwascancelled.＝Itrainedyesterdayandasaconsequencethematchwascancelled.④Thecitywasinruinsasaresultofasevereearthquake.→Thecitywasinruinsinconsequenceof/asaconsequenceofasevereearthquake.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5)takeupaposition擔(dān)當(dāng)；任職(教材P8)AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.在歐洲待了一段時間后，他最終在美國普林斯頓高校高等探討院找到了一份探討員的工作。[例1]Iwon'ttakeupmuchofyourtime.我不會占用你很多時間。[例2]I'dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.我愿接受你的邀請，搭你的車進(jìn)城。[學(xué)問拓展]takeup 拿起；接受；起先；接著； 占據(jù)(時間或空間)takeaway 解除；消退takedown 拿下；取下；登記takein 理解；欺瞞；接納takeoff 脫去；起飛；突然受歡迎takeon 呈現(xiàn)；起先雇用[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①他拿起電話聽筒起先撥號碼。Hetookupthetelephonereceiverandbegantodial.②假如你信任他，你肯定會受騙。Ifyoutrusthim,youwillcertainlybetakenin．③記者們快速登記講話的內(nèi)容。Thereporterstookdownthecontentofthespeechinshorthand.④我最近和一個摯友閑聊，他在一家新成立的公司任職。Italkedwithafriendrecentlywhotookupapositionatastart-upcompany.[圖形助記]圖釋takeoff/up/downeq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6)remarkableadj.非凡的；顯著的(教材P9)Apartfromhisremarkableachievements,whatdoesthepassagetellusaboutEinstein'slife?除了他卓越的成就，關(guān)于愛因斯坦的生活這篇文章還告知了我們什么？[例1]Allkindsofremarkablethingsbegantohappen.各種不尋常的事起先發(fā)生。[例2]Thesecarsareremarkableforthequietnessoftheirengines.這些汽車因發(fā)動機(jī)沒有噪音而不同凡響。[學(xué)問拓展](1)beremarkablefor 以……著稱(2)remarkv. 談起；述說；爭論；評論n. 評論；言語makearemark/remarkson/about... 就……發(fā)表看法；評論……makenoremark 不加評論；什么也不說remarkon/upon 就……發(fā)表看法/評論remarkthat... 評論……[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Iwouldn'tlikesomeofthemtomakearemarkonmyprivateaffairs.②It'srudetoremarkon/upontheappearanceofothers.③Thewriter,MoYan,gotremarkable(remark)achievementsinwriting.④評論家們指出該劇不是原創(chuàng)的。Criticsremarkedthattheplaywasnotoriginal.⑤她聽到這壞消息時，表現(xiàn)出非凡的志氣。Sheshowedremarkablecouragewhensheheardthebadnews.[小片段填空]Mostpeoplemakemanyremarkswithoutsayinganythingremarkable．很多人話語連篇，可就是不值一分錢。eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)7)sumvi.總結(jié)；概括n．金額；款項；總數(shù)；總和(教材P9)Useyournotestowriteyourintroductionandsumuphowyoufeelaboutthisperson.用你的筆記來寫一個介紹，并總結(jié)你對這個人的看法。[例1]Theexpensescametoanenormoussum.開支總數(shù)巨大。[例2]Thesumwillbeincreasedbyfifteenpercent.金額將要增加15%。[學(xué)問拓展](1)do/work/makeasum/sums 計算；做算術(shù)題insum 大體上；一言以蔽之；總之(2)sumup 總結(jié)；概括；是……的總和； 合計[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Insum,thetwocountriesarenowtrueeconomicpartners.②Shesummeditupas“themostbrilliantlectureI'veeverattended”．③我很快地算出了須要花費(fèi)的錢數(shù)。Ididaquicksumtoworkouthowmuchitwouldcost.④他出一筆巨款買了這所房子。Hepaidalargesumforthehouse.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(教材P8)Hemadenumerouscontributionstotheworld，themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativity...他對世界做出了很多貢獻(xiàn)，其中最聞名的是廣義相對論……句式分析：句中themostwell-knownbeingthegeneraltheoryofrelativity為“名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。[例1]Thequestionbeingsettled,wewenthome.問題解決之后，我們就回家了。[例2]Weshallplaythematchtomorrow,weatherpermitting.假設(shè)明每天氣好，我們就進(jìn)行競賽。[學(xué)問拓展]獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式為：(1)名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞(表示主動或正在進(jìn)行)(2)名詞/代詞＋過去分詞(表示被動或已完成)(3)名詞/代詞＋不定式(表示將要發(fā)生的動作)(4)名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、特征或所處的狀態(tài))[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Timepermitting(permit),we'llgotoyourhouse.②Lotsofhomeworktodo(do),Ihavetostayathomeallday.③假如給我們更多的時間，我們會把工作做得更好。Moretimegiven,weshouldhavedonethejobmuchbetter.④會議結(jié)束了，老師們一個個地走了出來。Themeetingover,theteacherswentoutonebyone.⑤班長病了，我們最好還是延期開會吧。Themonitorbeingill,we'dbetterputthemeetingoff.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)asthough/if引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句(教材P8)Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.他胡須濃密，頭發(fā)又長又白，有時會像剛遭了電擊似的豎起來。句式分析：句中asthough“似乎；似乎”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，相當(dāng)于asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。[例]Theairseemedthin,asthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.空氣似乎很淡薄，似乎在混合的氣體中剩下很少的氧氣。[學(xué)問拓展](1)asthough/if引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句時，通常用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)不符或相反的狀況；假如與事實(shí)相符，則用陳述語氣。(2)asthough/if還可用在be,look,seem,sound,taste,smell,feel等系動詞后面，引導(dǎo)表語從句。(3)當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一樣，且從句謂語又包含動詞be時，從句主語和謂語中的動詞be通?？墒∪ァ即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Heshookhisheadasif(hewas)tosay(say)“Don'ttrusther”．②Hedidsomethingwrongbutlookedasifnothinghadhappened(happen).③她對待這個孤兒就似乎對待自己的親兒子一樣。Shetreatstheorphanasif/thoughhewereherownson．④他老愛說大話，就仿佛他是一位重要的人似的。Helikestotalkbigasthoughhewereanimportantperson．干脆信息題干脆信息題一般能在文中干脆找到明確的信息，往往只考查文章中的個別事實(shí)，通常只涉及原文一兩句話的信息。也就是說，命題者設(shè)置的題目比較干脆，理解字面意思即可作答。[例文]ThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparents'homes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn'talwaysbeenabirthrightofU．S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars(日歷),neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.eq\x(Rural（農(nóng)村的）schooling)eq\x(wasdividedintosummerandwinterterms，leavingkids)eq\x(freetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplanting)eq\x(andfallharvestseasons.)Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudyayear,withonebreakperquarter.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?A．Enjoyasummervacation.B．Takeabreakeachquarter.C．Have48weeksofstudyayear.D．Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.★試題特點(diǎn)1．考查事務(wù)、地點(diǎn)、人物和物品的詳細(xì)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)；2．問題一般比較直白；3．答案常是原文的一個詞或一句話，但可能變換了說法；4．錯誤選項往往明顯與原文內(nèi)容不符。★解題思路Step1：確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(題干黑體字)Step2：依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位信息句(□中句)Step3：嘗試解答——依據(jù)信息句可知，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前的農(nóng)村校歷讓孩子們在春天播種和秋天收獲時過假期，幫助父母干農(nóng)活。故選D。[針對性練習(xí)]Mandaraseemedtoknowsomethingbigwasabouttohappen.Sosheletoutayell,caughtholdofher2-year-olddaughterKibibiandclimbedupintoatree.ShelivesattheNationalZooinWashingtonAndonTuesday,August23rd,witnessessaidsheseemedtosensethebigearthquakethatshookmuchoftheEastCoastbeforeanyhumansknewwhatwasgoingon.Andshe'snottheonlyone.Inthemomentsbeforethequake,anorangutan(猩猩)letoutaloudcallandthenclimbedtothetopofhershelter.“It'sverydifferentfromtheirnormalcall，”saidBrandieSmith,thezookeeper.“Thelemurs(monkeylikeanimalsofMadagascar)willsoundanalarmiftheyseeor