2022.12六級真題第2套

2022年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（二Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayt加tbeginswiththesentence"Inaneraofinformationexplosion,itisvitallyimportanttodeveloptheabilityto·thinkcriticallyandmakerationalchoices."Youcanmakestatements,givereasons,orciteexamplestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomoret加n200words. ListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.BoththeconversationandthequestionswillbeSJ)Okenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorres扣ndingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyonhavejustA)Prioritizinghappinessover C)Mana伊ngone'spersonalfinancesJoiningtheclubtogethernew D)ConsumingmoreonlywhenearningA)Shewasin C)Sheearned$30,000aShewasafinancial D)SheenjoyedahappyA)Itreflectsone'searning C)Itmirrorsone'ssenseofItvarieswithone's D)Itchangeswithone'sgoalsinA)ItwouldgivehimmoretimetobewithhislovedItwouldbegoodforthosewhovalueltwouldmeanmajorsacrificesforItwoulddeprivehimofhisQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyonhavejustA)Itwastheartist'sfirstItwasapaintingbyA)ItwasthepaintingthatinstantlymadeherIthascosthimalotofmoneytopurchaseA)ItreflectsherItcontainsampleA)SheiseccentriclikeanyotherSheisaveryniceandintelligent

ItwasdonatedbytheartistItwasdisplayedataretirementItwasrecentlypurchasedbytheItisownedbyananonymousItappearsperfectlyItdepictsthebeautyofSheisasluckyasanyacclaimedSheisoneofthemostproductiveDirections,Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)Itisvitaltoone'smentalItleadstoreconciliationand

ItpromotesinterpersonalItkeepsonefromtraumaticA)Whentheoffenderhaspoweroverthe C)WhentheoffenderisnotdulyWhentheoffenderisnotwillingto D)WhentheoffenderaddsinsulttoA)Talkwiththeoffender C)FindoutwhyhecommittedtheAccepttheoffender'sapology. D)Determinehowserioustheoffensewas.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Thenumberofpassengersdropped C)ThenumberofstationsincreasedtoItservedmoreandmoreA)ToincreasecapacitytomeetgrowingTomakewayforothermeansofA)ItisgenerallyrecognisedasaworldheritageItisthefastestwaytoreachthecity'ssouthItconstitutesasourceofrevenuefortheIthelpsreducetrafficjamsinthecityA)TheyareusuallycroTheyusehigh-techSection

D)ItbecamethelongestintheUnitedTohaveitssystemsToavoidfurtherfinancialTheyacceptsmartcardsTheyarecolourfullyDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthereconlingyouhavejustA)TheyarequitefriendlytoTheyareshrinkinginA)ItisstrictlyItisanuncommonA)SharetheirfoodwiththebeartheyBepreparedtorunintoahungryTrytobefriendlywiththebeartheyRefrainfromteasingbearswith

TheyareunafraidofTheyareespeciallyfondofItisagestureofhumanItisallowedonlyincertainQuestions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustA)ItreferstoopinionsthatareradicalandItmeansmakingjudgmentswithoutadequateItreferstodeep-rootedbeliefsaboutsomeoneorItmeansstickingtoone'sjudgmentsevenwhenprovedA)TheyoftenleadtowarbetweenreligiousTheykeepcertainoccupationsfromTheyallowmythsandhalf-truthstoTheypreventusfromgettingtotheA)WhenwestarttofeelWhenwemixwithprejudicedWhenweliveinanisolatedWhenwetrytokeepupwiththosearoundus.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A) C) D)A)TheywouldchangewiththepassageofTheywouldbenefityoungpeople'sadultA)HehadbecomeHesufferedpoor

TheywouldhelpkidsTheywouldlastaHehadlotsofstoriestoHeregrettedleavingA)MakefriendswithhisShowhisstudentshowtodotheirHelphisstudentsgetthroughthegrowingSharehispersonalexperiencewithhis ReadingComprehension SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.應(yīng)chchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thetaskoftheglobalstrategistofabusinessistobuildaplatformofcapabilitiesderivedfromtheresources,experiencesandinnovationsofunitsoperatinginmultiplelocations,totransplantthosecapabilitieswherever＿壟＿，andthentosystematicallyupgradeandrenewthem—aheadoftheAppleisanoutstandingcaseofacompanywhoseuniquecapabilitiesgiveitaworldwideadvantage,particularlywithrespecttoitsabilitytobuildplatformsfromaproductbasethatintegratesfunctionaland＿互design.ApplehasbeenabletoleverageandexploititsCalifornia-baseddesignandmarketingadvantagessuccessfullythroughouttheworld.IKEAisanothersuchcase.Thedo-it-yourselffurnitureandhousewarecompanyfirstdevelopedacompellingsetofcapabilitiestodesign,and29furnitureatlowcostandsellitinanovelwayinSweden.Later,IKEAsuccessfully＿翌thisformulainmanyotherBycontrast,Telefonica,aSpanishtelecommunicationscompanythatisnowtheworld'sfifthlargesttelecomby＿呈.!:firstdevelopeditsspecialadvantageabroad.In1989and1990,TelefonicahadtheopportunitytoenterChileandArgentina,countriesthatsharedmanyinstitutionalandculturalcharacteristicswithitshomecountrybutthatwere—笠＿morerapidmarketreform.Throughoutthe1990s,TelefonicatookwhatitlearnedinChileandArgentinaaboutreconstructingformerstate-ownedtelecomstootherLatinAmericancountriesthatwereprivatizingtheirstatetelecomsandderegulatingtheirtelecomTheseexamplesmightleadthereadertobelievethatcreatingaglobaladvantageisaneasytask.Butmanyother11_ofexpensivefailedexperimentssuggestthatcreatingalastingglobaladvantageactuallyrequiresagreatdealof.M_andoperationalfinesse（技巧）．Ourresearchsuggeststhatglobaltypicallycreateandsustaintheirinternationalpresencethroughasystematicprocessof, andenhancingtheircorecapabilities.

0)SectionDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.應(yīng)chstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraph叩rethanonce.應(yīng)chparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FearofNature:AnEmergingThreattoWhatdowelosewhennaturalspacesandspeciesdisappear?Increasingly,researchhasshownthatasspeciesandecosystemsvanish,italsochipsawayatourabilitytopreservewhatremains—becausewenolongerunderstandwhatwe'reYouprobablyseeitallthetime.Theneighborwhoputspesticidesonhislawnratherthandealwithannoyingbees.Thepoliticianwhovotesagainstwildlifeprotectionbecauseshe'sneverseenawolfinthewild.Thecorporationthatwantstobulldoze（用推土機推平）thehabitatofararefrog.Atbestthiscanbetermed"theextinctionofexperience,"whereourculturalandnaturalhistoriesfade"biophobia,"thefearoflivingthingsandacompleteaversiontonature.Thisisn'tthefictionoflivinginacoldemptydystopia（絕望的世界）．Sadly,it'sbecomingawayoflifefortoomanypeople—especiallychildren.ArecentstudyinJapanpaintsastrikingportraitofthisproblem.Asurveyofmorethan5,300schoolchildrenintheTochigiPrefectureexaminedtheirperceptionof14localinsectspeciesandonespider.Theresults?Acollective"ew!"Mostofthestudentssawthespeciesasthingstodislikeorfear,orevenassourcesofdanger.Thelessexperiencethestudentshadwithnature,themorenegativetheirfeelings.TheresulswerepublishedearlierthisyearinthejournalBiologicalConservation.LeadresearcherMasashiSogawiththeUniversityofTokyosaysthestudystemmedfromobservationsabouttoday'snature-deficientchildren."Humansinherentlyavoiddangerousorganismssuchasbees,butchildrenthesedaysavoidevenharmlessinsectssuchasbutterfliesanddragonflies（蠟蜓），“hesays."Ihavelongwonderedwhysomanyoftoday'schildrenreactlikethis."Althoughthechildren'sreactionsweresomewhatexpected,thenewstudydidcontainanunexpectedfinding:Manyofthesurveyedchildrenrevealedthattheirparentsalsoexpressedfearordisgustofthesameanimals.Infacttheseparentalemotionswerestrongenoughtooverwhelmanypositiveexperiencesthechildrenmighthavegainedfromdirectexperiencesinnature.AsSogaandhiscoauthorswroteintheirpaper,"Ourresultssuggestthatthereislikelyafeedbackloopinwhichanincreaseinpeoplewhohavenegativeattitudestowardsnatureinonegenerationwillleadtoafurtherincreaseinpeoplewithsimilarattitudesinthenextgeneration."Andthat'spossiblythegreaterthreatposedbyextinctionofexperience.Sogasuggeststhegenerationalloss—aconditionpreviouslydubbedenviromnentalgenerationalamnesia（遺忘）—couldchipawayatoursocietalabilitytopreservewhatwe'relosing."Ibelievethatincreasedbiophobiaisamajor,butinvisible,threattoglobalbiodiversity,"Sogasays."Asthenumberofchildrenwhohavebiophobiaincreases,publicinterestandsupportforbiodiversityconservationwillgraduallydecline.Althoughmanyconservationbiologistsstillconsiderthatpreventingthelossofwildlifehabitatisthemostimportantwaytoconservebiodiversity,IthinkpreventingincreasedbiophobiaisalsoimportantforWhat'stobedoneaboutthis?Thepapermakesseveralrecommendations,themostobviousofwhichisthatchildrenshouldexperiencenaturemoreoften.Theauthorsalsosuggestestablishingpoliciestoguidethesenaturalexperiencesandincreasingeducationalprogramsaboutthenaturalworld.Helpingparentstoseespeciesaroundtheminanewlightwouldmakeadifference,too.And,ofcourse,maintainingsupportforpreservingthewildspaceswherethese"scary"creaturesliveisthemostimportantthingofall.That'sapointreinforcedbyanotherrecentstudy,whichfoundthatwildspaceslocatedwithinurbanareas—andtheplantsandanimalsthatthriveinthem—areparticularlyimportantforhumanhealthandwell-being.PublishedinthejournalFrontiersinSustainableCities,thestudyexaminedattitudestowardDiscoveryPark,theheavilyforested534-acrepublicparkinSeattle,Washington.Itfoundthatthepublichadthemostappreciationfor-andgainedthemostvaluefrom-thewildestpartsofthepark."Ihaveseenwhales,seals,fish,eagles,shorebirdsandmanyotherseacreaturesintheirnaturalhabitat,"onesurveyparticipantwrote."Comingherewithpeoplehasallowedmetoconnectandtalkwiththemaboutconversationthatsimplydoesnothappenineverydaylife,"wroteanother.Theparticipantsreportedthattheirmostvaluableexperiencesintheparkincludedencounteringwildlife,walkingthroughopenspaces,exploringthebeachandfindingbeautifulviews."Wesawthatalargemajorityofparticipants'interactions,especiallytheirmostmeaningfulinteractions,dependedonDiscoveryPark'srelativewildness,"saysleadauthorElizabethLev,amaster'sstudentintheisrelativelywild.Afterall,youcan'tenjoywatch咡birdsiftherearenobirdstofollow;gazeatthesunsetifit'sobscuredbyskyscrapers;orstopandsmelltheflowersiftheydon'thaveroomtogrow.Andyeteventhislong-protectedspacecouldsomedaybecomelesshospitabletonature.OverthepastfewyearsalotofpeopleandorganizationshavesuggesteddevelopingpartsofDiscoveryParkortheneighboringarea.Mostrecentlyaplanproposedbuilding34acresofmuch-neededaffordablehousingandparkingspacesadjacenttothepark,bringingwiththemnoise,trafficandpollution.Ifanythinglikethathappened,boththeparkandthepeopleofSeattlecouldlosesomethingvital.AndthatwouldcontinuethetrendofchippingawayatSeattle's—andtheworld's—naturalspaces,leavingjusttinypocketparksandgreen-but-emptyspacesthatofferlittlerealvaluetowildlife,plantsor"Itistruethatanyinteractionwithnatureisbetterthannone,butIdon'twantpeopletobesatisfiedwithanysmallbitofgrassandtrees,"Levsays."Wehavebeeninthiscycleofenvironmentalgenerationalamnesiaforalongtime,wherethebaselinekeepsshiftingandwedon'tevenrealizewhatwe'relosinguntilit'sgone.Ifwecangetpeopletounderstandhowmuchmeaningandvaluecancomefromhavingmoreexperienceswithmorewildformsofnature,thenmaybewecanstopthiscycleandmovetowardconservingandrestoringwhatwehaveleft..，＇0)Buildingthisunderstandinginanever-morefearfulanddisconnectedworldmaybethebiggestchallenge.PeterKahn,theseniorauthorofLev'spaperandthedirectoroftheHumanInteractionwithNatureLab,madeseveralsuggestionsforbridgingthisgapinthis2011book,Tech叩logicalNature.Theyechotherecommendationaboutgettingchildrenintonature,butalsoincludetellingstoriesofhowthingsusedtobe,imaginingwhatthingsmightbelikeinthefuture,anddevelopingacommonlanguageaboutnature,"awayofspeakingaboutwildanddomesticinteractionpatterns,andthemeaningful,deepandoftenjoyfulfeelingsthattheygenerate."P)Nomatterwhattechniquesweuse,thisgrowingfieldofresearchillustratesthatsavingnaturerequiresencouragingpeopletoexperienceitmoreoftenandmoredeeply.Thatcallsforadditionalresearch—Levandhercoauthorshavepublishedatoolkitthatothermunicipalitiescanfollowtostudythevalueoftheirownwildspaces-andclearcommunicationoftheresults."Ifwecancontinuetoshowpeoplethebenefitsofthesewildspaces,"Levsays,"maybepeoplewillbegintoseemorevalueinkeepingtheseareasundeveloped—forthesakeofourmutualbenefit."Anewstudyfoundparents'aversiontocertainanimalswouldpassontotheirThedisappearanceofspeciesandecologicalsystemserodesourabilitytokeepwhatisAstudyshowedthatthewildestareasofDiscoveryParkappealedmosttotheThefearoflivingorganismsisbecomingmorePreventingtheincreaseinchildren'sfearoflivingcreaturesisalsoimportantforconservingResearchshowsthatmoreanddeeperexperiencepeoplehavewithnaturewillhelpsaveThoughhumansnaturallytendtoavoiddangerousanimals,today'schildrentrytostayawayfromevenharmlessones.DevelopmentinandaroundDiscoveryParkcouldcauseheavylossestotheparkandthelocalAlargesurveyofschoolchildrenfoundthattheirnegativefeelingsgrewastheirexperiencewithnaturediminished.ElizabethLevbelievesincreasedcontactwithmorewildlifehelpsconserveSectionDirections,Thereare2passagesinthissection.應(yīng)chpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingSomepeopleintheUShaveassertedthatforgivingstudentloandebtisonewaytostimulatethefor'economicallydistressed'students.SomeinUSCongresshavegonesofarastosuggestforgivingup$50,000indebtperstudentborrower,butdoesforgivingstudentdebtnecessarilycorrelatetohelpingtheTheanswerisno.Thispolicyisjustgivingmoneyawaytouniversitiesandthemostaffluentinattendance.FederalReservedatarevealsthatthehighest-income40percentofhouseholdsoweapproximately60percentofoutstandingstudentdebt,whilethelowest40percentowejustunder20percent.Thiscouldbeduetoacombinationoffactors,studentsfromhigh-incomehouseholdsaremorelikelytogotoexpensivecolleges,lesslikelytoreceivefinancialaid,andmorelikelytohavehighincomespost-graduation.Plus,themajorityofstudentdebtisheldbygraduatedegreeearners,whoearnapproximately25percentmorethantheirundergraduatecounterparts.Clearly,givingfreereigntobankstoforgivestudentdebtisastepinthewrongdirection.Otherproposalsforbroader,long-termstudentloanplanshavesomefundamentalproblems.Oneistocancelstudentdebtonlyforundergraduatedegreesandforstudentsmakinglessthan$ThisattemptstoaddressthefactthatCongress'previouslymentionedstudentloanforgivenessplanlargelyhelpsoutthewealthy,butisanadverseincentiveforuniversitiestokeepraisingtuitionandforstudentstochoosetomajorinlow-earningdegreeprograms.Collegeshavenoreasontomaketheirprogramsmoreaffordableiftheybelievestudentswilljusttakeoutmoredebt.And,studentswillfeelmorecomfortablemakingtheirresponsibledecisiontogotensofthousandsofdollarsindebttomajorinimpracticaloridealisticsubjectsiftheyknowtheirloanswillbeforgiven.Thisisespeciallyconcerninggiventhepandemic（大流行?。﹉asrenderedacollegeeducationpracticallyworthless.StudentsarepayingtensofthousandsofdollarsperyeartoliveathomeandbelecturedontheInternet.Dowereallywanttotellcollegesthattheycangetawaywithprovidingbelow-averageserviceforanoutrageouscost?Inthecaseofanyofthesestudentdebtplans,working-classAmericanswhochosenottoorcouldnotaffordtogotocollegewillbesubsidizingtheeducationoftheprofessionalclass.Plumbersandretailworkerswillbepayingforthedegreesofdoctorsandlawyers.TheUSgoverrunent'sefforttohelpthoseindebtiscommendablebutisthisreallythesolutionthatwillhelpthepoorfinanciallyrecover?WhydosomepeopleadvocateforgivingstudentloanTheyassertitwillnarrowthegapbetweenthewealthyandtheTheybelieveitwillbenefitboththeeconomyandtheTheyclaimitwilleliminateeconomicdistressamongcollegeTheythinkthecostofeducationistheresponsibilityoftheWhatdowelearnfromtheFederalReserveApproximately60%ofstudentdebtremainsCancellingstudentdebtbenefitswealthyfamiliesForgivingstudentdebtprovideslittlebenefittoLow-incomefamiliesowethebiggestamountofstudentWhatdoestheauthorsaystudentsarelikelytodoiftheyknowtheyneedn'trepaytheirTheywillchoosetostudysubjectswithoutconsideringtheirjobTheywillbefreetopursuetheirgoalswithoutbeingburdenedTheywillover-borrowandlivebeyondtheirTheywillbeabletoenrollinexpensiveWhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutcollegesofferingonlineTheycannotgetawaywiththeseriousTheyhavesufferedgreatlyfromthecurrentThetuitiontheychargeisnotjustifiedbythequalityoftheirThetuitiontheychargehassurgedoutrageouslyduringtheWhatwillhappenifanyoftheproposedstudentdebtplansisPlumbersandretailworkerswillhaveachanceofbecomingWorking-classstudentswillhaveincreasingaccesstosubsidizedBlue-collarworkerswillhavetobearthecostofeducatingwould-behigh-Agrowingnumberofstudentswillbeabletoearndegreesinmedicineandlaw.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingIfthere'sonerulethatmostparentsclingtointheconfusing,fast-changingworldofkidsandmedia,it's"Noscreensbeforeage2."Asoftoday,thatrulehasbeenthrownouttheTheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP),whichfirstissuedthatrecommendationbackin1999,hasextensivelyupdatedandreviseditsguidelinesforchildrenandadolescentstoreflectnewresearchandnewhabits.Thenewguidelines,especiallyforveryyoungchildren,shiftthefocusfromWHATisonthetoWHOelseisintheroom.Andindoingso,theyraisesomeintriguingpointsaboutthefutureoflearningfrommedia.Forbabiesyoungerthan18months,AAPstillsaysnoscreensatallarethebestidea—withnotableexception:Livevideochat.Surveysindicatethatfamiliesalreadypopularlybelievethat"Facetimedoesn'tcount",oratleastthatthebenefitofvirtualvisitswithgrandparentsorotherrelativesoutweighsthepotentialcostofexposingbabiestothelaptoporsmartphone.TheA心doesn'tcitepositiveevidencethatinfantsactuallygetsomethingoutofthiskindof"conversation",thewaythattheyclearlydofromlivesocialinteraction.Butthere'ssomeobservationalresearchthatinfantsasyoungassixmonthsoldareemotionallyengagedbyplayinglivepeekaboo（躲貓貓游戲）withGrandmaonline.Forinfantsandtoddlers（學(xué)步兒童），ages15monthsto2yearsold,there'slimitedevidencefromcoupleofverysmallstudiesthattheycanlearnnewwordsfromeducationalmedia,甘a叫onlyifparentsarewatchingalongsidethem,repeatingwhatthevideosaysand/ordrawingattentiontowhatisonthescreen.Inotherwords,treatingavide