2024屆高考英語概要寫作專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案（含答案）

高考英語概要寫作專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

一、考點(diǎn)分析：

概要寫作，是一道“跨界”題；相信我們對“跨界”一詞應(yīng)該不會陌生了：跨界歌

手，跨界喜劇人等綜藝節(jié)目收視率頗高。Summary概要寫作就是在讀的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行寫

作，所以是閱讀能力和寫作能力的綜合。簡單地表達(dá)Summar概要寫作=Reading+

Writing。

在日常的英語教學(xué)中，教師也經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生就所學(xué)英語課文逐段概括段落大意或者復(fù)

述課文，這在一定程度上都為概要寫作打基礎(chǔ)。除此之外，作為考生，還要注意以下兒

點(diǎn)：

(1)積累常見的同義短語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換，掌握并運(yùn)用單詞、短語和句型?！扒蓩D難為無米

之炊”，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒有相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識，也很難寫出概

要寫作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識上下功夫，以不變應(yīng)萬變。

(2)進(jìn)行適度地專題練習(xí)。有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行適度練習(xí)有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要

點(diǎn)，找到概要寫作的感覺，沖破對概要寫作的不適感。平時可多關(guān)注往年的高考閱讀文

章，進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和主旨概括訓(xùn)練?？砂次捏w和題材，分類訓(xùn)練篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的布局，增強(qiáng)

對文章上下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握冬種文體的寫作特點(diǎn)和框架。如：

記敘文：what/who/when/where/why/how

議論文：opinion/idea+argument(supportingideas/reasons)

說明文：phenomenon/problem+reason+solution(causeandeffect),introductionofan

object(howitismade,howitisused,howitmaychange,whatmakesitneworsignificant)

新聞：afocusonthefirstparagraphandthefirstandlastsentencesoftheotherparagraphs

就目前出現(xiàn)的考題來看，以記敘，說明，議論為主，新聞幾乎沒有出現(xiàn)過。新聞

往往只需要通過第一句話就可以得知整個事件的梗概，這樣就無法考查學(xué)生的分析能力

和概括能力，所以考的可能性較小。綜合以上分析可知，新高考更加重視考查考生高中

階段英語基本技能的掌握情況，也注意考查考生進(jìn)入高等學(xué)校繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的潛能，目標(biāo)是

利用高考命題的導(dǎo)向功能推動新課程的課堂教學(xué)改革。

1.選材特點(diǎn)

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（1）所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在350以內(nèi)：

（2）所選材料體裁沒有限制，以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。

2.評分參考

閱卷時主要考慮以下內(nèi)容：

（1）時原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；

（2）應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；

（3）上下文的連貫性;

（4）對各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況。

注意：理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要求，完全使用自己的語言，準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞

匯，得分相應(yīng)比較高,相反，如果概要寫作部分出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象，得分

檔次將會大大降低；所與內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)不得分。

3、考查能力

概要寫作，簡言之就是對所讀過的文章簡要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之

為摘要。寫概要時,讀者要是把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來,

而不是抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細(xì)節(jié)性信息作為中心，而是要通過對文章中的單詞、

詞組和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換，對文章的具體信息進(jìn)行概括，再用合適的語言表述出來。這

一題型主要考查學(xué)生對文章主旨大意的概括和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力，同時考查學(xué)生用

簡潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力。因此，概要寫作

是基于閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)，是二者的有機(jī)結(jié)合體,是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的溝通橋梁。

二、專題詳解

1）知識點(diǎn)1

1.寫作步驟

1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。

2）弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些

問題寫出要點(diǎn)。

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3）列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順

序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

4）在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn):

（1）概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較

少的文字'弓次要內(nèi)容.

（3）注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互

不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。

（4）不排斥用原文的某曲詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語

表達(dá)，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會更好。

（5）計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。

五個基本步驟概括起來就是:

1）、通讀全文,理解大意;

2）、研讀文本,理清主次;

3）、圍繞中心,擬寫初稿;

4）、梳理整合,靈活表達(dá);

5）、修改潤色,完美呈現(xiàn)。

例題分析：

Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereis

nothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockout

disease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskin

andletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughtolieinpublicbaths.By1538,(heFrenchking

hadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.Thusbegana

longtimewhentherichand(hepoorinEuropelivedw:thdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,

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KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,the

kingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.

Thoughthebeliefinthemerit（好處）ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeen

regardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningaway

dirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventing

disease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorld

WarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtohewhiterthanwhite,cloths

eversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

Attitudestodirtsti1differhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrylo

warntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.

Onthecontrary.MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist（免疫學(xué)家）,encourages

childrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter（后者）position

isgainingsomeground.

Onepossibleversion：

Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.（要點(diǎn)1）Foralongtimeinhistory,

peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefrom

gettingill.（要點(diǎn)2）However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200years

ago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.（要點(diǎn)3）

However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.

（要點(diǎn)4）

【范文點(diǎn)撥】

（一）要點(diǎn)分析

1.文章第一段就是本篇文章的主題句，亮明了總的觀點(diǎn)：However,thereisnothing

fixedaboutattitudestodirt.換句話說：Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowards

dirt.再結(jié)合下文談到的主題可知Differenlpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsdirton

theskin.范文中的要點(diǎn)「'Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.”概括非常

精煉。

2.第二段主要談到了在16世紀(jì)，人們認(rèn)為dirtontheskinwasameanstoblockout

disease,尤以英、法兩國的貴族為代表。結(jié)合第三段第一Thoughthebeliefinthemerit

ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversince18

century.可知，直到IS世紀(jì)之前，人們都認(rèn)為dirt是很“友好的”，有助于預(yù)防疾病。范

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文中的要點(diǎn)2"Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,

believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.”很好地總結(jié)了這些要點(diǎn)。

3.第三段用Though引出人們對dirt觀點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變“…sincethe18thcentury.

Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.”再結(jié)合本段最后一部分

Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea…可得出要點(diǎn)3^However,peoplebegantocharge

theirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffour

bodycankeepushealthy”

4.文章最后一段第一句指出，現(xiàn)在人們對于dirt的態(tài)度還是有所不同，Onthe

contrary引出專家的觀點(diǎn)，一位免疫學(xué)家認(rèn)為dirt有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。這一觀點(diǎn)獲得

了一些支持。范文中的要點(diǎn)4ktHowevcr,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirt

mayhelpourimmunesystem.”表達(dá)很恰切。

（二）要點(diǎn)連接

文章概要，在寫完了要點(diǎn)之后，下一步的工作就是要把這些要點(diǎn)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞進(jìn)

行連接，使上下句之間具有連貫性。本篇文章整篇結(jié)構(gòu)是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，要點(diǎn)2和要點(diǎn)3

在觀點(diǎn)上截然相反，因此，之間需要表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞，范文用了However恰到好處。

要點(diǎn)3和要點(diǎn)4在觀點(diǎn)上又存在不同，因此，還是用表轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞However。不過小

編認(rèn)為，此處用Neveriheless可以避免三句話內(nèi)出現(xiàn)兩次However。

（三）關(guān)鍵詞匯

第一段：fixed（確定的：不變的）第二段：means（手段，方法）,blockout（擋?。?open

up（打開）,upon（.......之后；立即）第三段：long-lived（長期存在的）,selltheidea（說服

某人接收某個觀點(diǎn)）第四段：warnsboff（警告某人不要靠近）,position（觀點(diǎn)）,gainsome

ground（取得優(yōu)勢）

以上這些關(guān)鍵詞對于整篇文章的理解與轉(zhuǎn)化成自己的語言都很關(guān)鍵，如果不能準(zhǔn)確

領(lǐng)會其用意，語篇理解的效果會大打折扣。所以，概要寫作的基礎(chǔ)是理解語篇，而讀懂

語篇的基礎(chǔ)是詞匯，尤其是對關(guān)鍵詞匯的掌握與運(yùn)用。在此基礎(chǔ)上，綜合運(yùn)用語法與句

法結(jié)構(gòu)，按照行文邏輯組織語言，形成概要。

二）知識點(diǎn)2：

1.Techniquesofasummary-Paraphrasing

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注意：使用Paraphrasing需要換詞、簡化；使用generalwords而不是detailedwords

Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.fHewasverybrave.

eg-

ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedto

readallofthemduringthewintervacation.Shebroughthomealotofbookstoread

duringthevacation.

寫摘要時可以采用下列幾種小技巧：

1）刪除細(xì)節(jié)。只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。

2）選擇一至兩個例子。原文中可能包括5個或更多的例子，你只需從中篩選一至二個

例子。

3）把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個句子，

那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。

4）避免重復(fù)。在原文中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個主題，可能會重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在摘要中

是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。

5）壓縮長的句子。如下列兩例：

“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.n

可以概括為："Hewasverybraveinbattle.^^

“Hewashardupfbrmoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”

可以概括為：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”

6）你還可以使用詞叁代替整句或者從句。請看下面的例子:

“BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andMountHuang,werevisitedby

onlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthese

mountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywho

neverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.”

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可以概括為：''BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,oncevisitedbyonlyafewpeople,are

todayaccessibletomany,thankstobetterwages,paidholidays,newhotelsandbetter

transportationsendees''(如果需要結(jié)合?？碱}中的例子，則推薦2017年虹口一?！癆re

YouReadyforYourExam?”，是典型的將句子轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞短語的考例)

7)使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，比如：

“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek

andsometextbooks.Sheintended(oreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.^^

可以概括為："Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthevocation.n

8)使用最短的連接詞。比如，可以使用but,then,thus,yet,(hough,不能使用atthesame

time,inthefirstplace,becauseofthese,ontheotherhand等較長的連接詞。通常，使用分

號就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。

9)文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在摘要中轉(zhuǎn)換成笫三人稱，從而把大段的對白簡化，

比如：

KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly:Youusemuch(oomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul—it's

notgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned:"Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn't

havesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful...likeeatingcardboardorsand...justimagine

breadwithoutsaltinit.orpotatoesorpastacookedwithoutsalt!”Katewaspatient.She

didirlwaulluquaiiclwithPaul.Shewauledlupvisuadchim.Shesaidfiiuily."Builoumuch

saltisbadforyou.Itcausehighbloodpressureandlatteron,heart-attacks.Italsodisguises

thetasteoffood,therealtasteswhicharemuchmoresubtlethansalt,andwhichwehavelost

thesensitivitytoappreciateanymore.”

可以用第三人稱概括為：

KatesuggestedtoPaulthatheshouldeatlesssalt.Shethoughtthateatingtoomuchsalt

woulddohardtoPaul'shealthandthatitcouldreduceiherealtastesoffood.ButHaul

disagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithoutsaltwouldbetasteless.

(Task1:Pleasefollowtheexampletochoosetheproperskillfromtheaboveones.)

1,Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakebothsideshappy.Herearesometips

1)Maketimetotalk.Youcouldtalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.

2).Keepadiary.Itcanhelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.

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3）.Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyourownclothesandhelparound（he

house.

Whichskill:_______________________________________________________________

Summary:__________________________________________________________________

2.Sometimes,kidsdon'tthinktheirparentsarefairtothem.Whenyouwanttodressina

modemway,yourmumdoesn'tlikeyoutowearamini-skirt.Whenyouarcmakingphone

callstofriends,theyaskwhetheryou'respeakingtoaboyoragirl.

Whichskill:_______________________________________________________________

Summary:__________________________________________________________________

3.KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,tkYouusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul,it'snotat

allgoodforyou!”Paulputdownhisknifeand什owned,“Whyonearthnot!Ifyoudidn't

havesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful...likeeatingwoodorsand...justimaginebread

withoutsaltinit!”

Whichskill:_______________________________________________________________

Summary:__________________________________________________________________

4.ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeand

Newsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.

Whichskill:______________________________________________________________

Summary:_________________________________________________________________

1.SkillI:Omitthedetails

Therearesometipsforchildrentofollowsothattheycangetonwellwiththeirparents.

2.Skill2:Omittheexamples.

Itisquitenaturalthatwechildrenlookatthesameproblemdifferentlyfromourparents.

3.Skill3:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.

KatesuggestedthatPaulshouldeallesssalt.ButPauldisagreed.Hesaidthatfoodwithout

saltwouldbetasteless.

4.Skill4:Usegeneral（概括性）wordsinsteadofspecific（具體的）words.

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Shebroughthomealotofbooksandmagazinestoreadduringthevacation.

2.TypesofSummaries

1）記敘文----串聯(lián)要素（who,when,where,what,how,why）

要求：

a.誰做了什么？

b.結(jié)果如何？

2）說明文——根據(jù)不同類型

a.描寫事物性質(zhì)功用?！皩ο?性質(zhì)功用+利好”

（Inthepassage）thewriterintroduces***（對象）tous,especiallyits…（性

質(zhì)或功用），fromwhichweknow…（對象帶有的利好）.

b.針對某個問題提出的解決方案或措施，“問題+解決方法”

Thepassagetellsus…（問題）,including…（方法1）,…（方法2）...,and…（方法3）.

c.介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果，“現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果二

（Theauthor/writersaid/talksabout）...（現(xiàn)象）of.....because/but...（原因/本質(zhì)1）,and

（原因/本質(zhì)

3）議論文一論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論；找出主題句，支撐句和結(jié)論句。

積累模板SomeSummaryModelsforYou

要注意歸納和積累summary中常用的句式或模板。

A.如議論文的概要通?？梢匀绱碎_頭：

Theessay/passage/autliorhighlightstheimportanceofencouragementforstudents.

Theessay/passage/authorarguesinsupportofstatingthat...

Theessay/passage/authorarguesthatwemustnotonlyvaluethosewhocomefirst

orarethebestinanyfieldbuttheotherswhoseeffortpushthemtosuccess.

Thecssay/passage/autliordiscussestheimpactofemail.

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Theessay/passage/autliorcomparesfriendshipwiththecomfortofhome.

Theessay/passage/authoroutlinestheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.

B.而記敘文的概要則可以從以下模板中選擇：

Thepassage/storyisaboutamisunderstandingbetweenastudentandateacher.

Theauthortellsusastoryabouta.

Thepassageisastoryabout.

Accordingtothepassage,theherointhestory.

C.通用型模板：

Accordingtothepassage,weknow...

Thisarticleismainlyabout...

Thewriterstatesthat...

Ascanbelearnthispassage,—

Thepassagesaysthat...

Inthispassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceof

另外，更具體點(diǎn)：

（I）記敘文概要模板

a.點(diǎn)明寫作目的類：

Thewritertellsus---:主題）byshowingusanexampleof---,who/which---（故事情節(jié)）.

b.作者經(jīng)歷類：

Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushis

experienceofdoingsth,which.......

c.他人經(jīng)歷類：

Thispassageismainlyaboutsb'sexperienceofdoingsth.....

(2)議論文概要模板

第10頁共21頁

Thearticlegivestheviewthat...

should/shouldrTt…（主題）.

…?.（補(bǔ)充論據(jù)）.

Thepassagehighlights（強(qiáng)調(diào)）theimportanceofslh…

Theauthorarguesthat...

（3）說明文概要模板

a.現(xiàn)象揭示類：

Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon（主題）,which….（補(bǔ)充解釋）.

b.利弊對比類：

Thearticlecomparesihedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A...whileB...

Thepassagediscussestheimpact（影響）ofsth.Onthepositiveside…，butitmay

also….

c.研究顯示類：

Thestudyreveals（揭露）ihat…

Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...

練習(xí)：

初級：

找準(zhǔn)主題句

Passage1

AterribleearthquakebrokeoutinIstanbul,（hecapitalofTurkey,ontheearlymorning

ofSeptember14,2006,at4o'clock.Asmostpeoplewerestillindeepsleepwhenthe

earthquakewashappening,allthepeoplewereinapanic,whichledtoadisastrousresult一

about200peoplewerekilledintheearthquake,andmanymorewereseriouslyinjured,with

hundredsofthousandshomeless.Thelocalgovernmentisorganizingtherescueandthe

internationalaidhasalsocomefrommanycountries,includingChina.

第II頁共21頁

Whichofthefollowingisthetopicsentence?

1.AterribleearthquakebrokeoutinIstanbul.

2.About200peoplewerekilledintheearthquake.

3.Theinternationalaidhasalsocomefrommanycountries,includingChina.

4.Allthepeoplewereinapanicduringtheearthquake.

Passage2

Yearsagoi(wasverydifficult(otravelfromoneplacetoanother.Thejoumeyswere

oftenlong,tiringanddangerous.Todaythepicturehaschanged..Therearefirst-classships

andairplanestotakepeoplewheretheirdreamslie,whetherwithinone'scountryorabroad.

Travelinghasbecomesafer,moreenjoyableandaboveall,moreeconomical.Sovvecansay

transportationhasbeenimprovedagreatdeal.

Whichofthefollowingisthetopicsentence?

1.Yearsagoitwasverydifficultto(ravelfromoneplacetoanother.

2.Todaythepicturehaschanged.

3.Transportationhasbeenimprovedagreatdeal.

4.Travelinghasbecomesafer,moreenjoyableandaboveall,moreeconomical.

中級：

1.改寫訓(xùn)練

Rewritethefollowingsentences.........(eachwithonesentence).

1.KatelookedatPaulandsaidangrily,“Youputtoomuchsaltonyourfbod.^^

KatesaidtoPaulangrilyheputtoomuchsaltonhisfood.

2.Sheboughtalotofvegetablessuchascabbage,carrots,cucumbers,tomatoes,potatoes

andsomeeggs.Sheintendedtoinviteallhisfriendsforherbirthdaypartyatthe

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weekend.

“Sheboughtvariousvegetablestoholdherselfabirthdaypartywithallherfriends.

3.Nowadaysmoreandmoreteenagerstrytobemoreindependentfromtheirparentsand

sometimesbecomeveryrebellious.Theyalwayswanttowearlongandstrangehairstyle,

whichtheirparentscomplainaboutalot.TheyalsospendtoomuchtimeontheInternetand

playingcomputergames.

?Nowadaysteenstrytoshowtheirindependencebydoingstrangethingsorwastingtime

online,thussomebecomingrebellious.

4.Itisbettertopreventsomethingunpleasantfromhappeningthantrytoputitright

afterwards.

Preventionisbetterthancure.

2.縮寫練習(xí)

1).Readthefollowingpassageandfillintheblanks.

ItmusthavebeenabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeup

mywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfastasleep.SoIgotaladderfromtheshedin

thegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbingtowardsthebedroomwindow.Iwas

almosttherewhenasarcasticvoicebelowsaid,UIdon'tthinkthewindowsneedcleaningat

thistimeofthenight.''ilookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.I

immediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,“Ienjoycleaningwindowsat

night”

“SodoI,“answeredthepolicemaninthesametone."Excusemyinterruptingyou.Ihate

tointemiptamanwhenhe'sbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothe

station?”

“Well,I'dprefertostayhere,“1said.“Yousee,I'veforgottenmykey.^^

"Youwhat?”hecaled

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“Mykey,“Ishouted.

Fortunately,(heshoutingwokeupmywifewhoopenedthewindowjustasthe

policemanhadstarted:oclimbtowardsme.

點(diǎn)撥：

這是一篇記敘文，請從原文中劃出時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事情的經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。填充下面

所給的summary,注意如何借用詞法，語法簡化句子。

Summary:

Onarrivinghomeearlyinthemorning,thewriterfailedto

byringingthedoorbell.Hetriedto

.butwasfoundby.Soon

Onarrivinghomeearlyinthemorning,thewriterfailedtowakeuphiswifeby

ringing(hedoorbell.Hetriedtoclimbinthrough(hewindow,butwasfoundbyapoliceman.

Soonhisshoutingwokehiswifeup.

2).Writeasummarywithabout30words.

Advertisingcanbeaservicetocustomers.Thisistruewhenadsgivereliable

informationaboutthegoodsadvertised.Suchinformationisneededifthecustomeristo

makeawisechoicewhenhebuyssomething.Itisusefulbecauseitcanhelpthecustomer

knowmoreaboutthekindsofgoodsavailableintheshops.

However,someadsarenotveryusefultothecustomers.Insteadofhelpingthecustomer

tosatisfyhisrealneeds,theysetouttomakehimwantunnecessarythingsbydoingads

cleverly.TheysetoutLomakeusbelievewhatlliuyadvertisewillmakeuscleverer,prclliur,

morehandsome,ifonlyweuseit.Forexample,thevoiceonTVsays,“ByusingourSKII,it

makesyourskincrystal“Thescreenshowsaseriesofpicturesinwhichafamousactressnot

onlyhasherskinwhitenedbutalsohasherpronouncedwrinklessilkilysmoothed.Some

ladieswithdarkskinwillbepersuadedtochoosethatcosmetic(化妝品).

點(diǎn)撥：

這是一篇議論文，請從原文中劃出每一段的主題句，再進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)化和銜接。

第14頁共21頁

Thispassageisaboutadvertisingservice.Adsarenormallyuseful(oprovideinformationfor

wisepurchases,butsomealsolurecustomerstobuyunnecessaryproductsbygiving

exaggeratedorfalseinformation.

高級，

不同文體練習(xí)：

A.記敘文

OnarecentSunday,IwasbuyinggroceriesinasupermarketwhenIheardthesoundof

acaraccident.Itwasclosebutnotveryclose,soIcontinuedshopping.

AsItookarightturnonMunadhamaStreet,Isawamanlyingonthegroundinasmall

poolofblood.Hewasn'tdead.

Theideaofstoppingtohelpor(o(akehimtoahospitalcrossedmymind,butIdidn't

dare.Carspassedwithoutstopping.Pedestriansandshopownerskeptdoingwhattheywere

doing,pretendingnothinghadhappened.

iwasstilllookingatthewoundedmanandblamingmyselffornotstoppingtohelp.

Othershopperspeeredathimfromadistance,sorrowfulandsympathetic,butdidnothing.

Iwentontoanothergrocerystore,stayingforaboutfiveminuteswhileshoppingfor

tomatoes,onionsandothervegetables.Duringthattime,themanmanagedtositupand

wavetopassingcars.

Noonestopped.Noonedidanything.Nooneliftedafinger.Thewoundeddiedalonethe

street.Theonlyreactioncamefromawomaninthegrocerystore.Inalowvoice,shesaid,

"MyGod,blesshissoul."

Anofferofaidcouldhavesavedtheman'slife.

Fromthepassagewcknowthattheauthorwitnessedacaraccidentandfoundnoonehelped

theinjuredman.Asaresult,themandiedonthestreet,whichmadehimfeelguilty.

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B、說明文:

Eyecareisanimportantfactorinallofourlives.Withouteyes,weseemtobeabletodo

nothing.But,whatcanwedototakecareofeyes?Firstly,weshouldeathealthyfoods.

Secondly,don'tsitbeforeacomputerscreenorTVfortoolongtimeandtakeregularrestat

intervals（間隔）sothatrelaxtheeyemuscles.Thirdly,havingenoughsleepisthebestrest

fbreyes.

Besidesthosenotices,youshouldbeawareofsomethreatstoeyesindailylives.

Excessiveexposuretobrightsunlightisharmfultoeyes,therefore,whengoingout,

especiallyinsummertime,putonapairofqualifiedsunglasses;Stayawayformsmoking.

Someingredientsincigarettesarecarcinogenesis（致癌的）.

Lastbutnottheleast,takeregularmedicalexaminestothecheckoutpotentialeye

diseaseandpreventitsdelerioration（退化）.Eyesarethemostimportantsenseorgansandone

shouldusepropereyecareproductstoavoidfurtherirritations（刺激性）andensurelongevity

atease.

Oureyesarcimportantforus,sotheauthortellsushowtoprotectoureyes,includingeating

healthyfood,givingthemenoughtimetorest,knowingsomethreats,andtakingfrequenteye

examinations.

C、議論文：

Gellingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,

peoplethoughtthatif\vcwenttobedearlyandgotupearly,wewouldbeenergeticthewhole

day.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.

Infact,morningisthebestlimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestand

peoplearcusuallyinthebestconditions.Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwc

memorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthanatanyothertimeof

theday.Ifwcdosomsmorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecan

buildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplan

andgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwcgetupearly.However,ifwcgetuplate,

wellprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.

Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifweslick

togettingupearlyeveryday,wcwillcertainlybenefitalotfromit.

第16頁共21頁

Thepassagemainlytellsusgettingupearlyinthemorningisagoodhabitthat11benefitusa

lot.Ilenablesustohaveabettermemory,healthierbodyandbetterpreparationfortheday.

小結(jié)：

1.分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確捕捉要點(diǎn)。

有了“指南針”之后，捕捉短文要點(diǎn)就容易多了。那么，如何才能快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕

捉到文章的要點(diǎn)呢？

首先，從文體入手。一般來說，讀寫任務(wù)里的閱讀材料按文體可以分成兩種：議論

文和記敘文。議論文有三要素，即論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證，文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)、

分總結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)等。因此，我們通?？梢栽诘谝欢位蜃詈笠欢握艺擖c(diǎn)。

其次，從過渡語入手。

2.理清邏輯關(guān)系，選擇合適連詞。

在捕捉到文章的要點(diǎn)之后，接下來就是要理清他們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再找到適當(dāng)

的連接詞，自然銜接，使之成為一個連貫的語段。如實(shí)例一可以用圖表示如下：

3.靈活變化表達(dá)，適度進(jìn)行paraphraseo

理清要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系之后，不能簡單地照搬原句，還必須進(jìn)行適度的

paraphrase,即用自己的話進(jìn)行改寫，才符合“不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子”的要求。

那么，如何才能達(dá)到“雁過不留痕”的效果呢？

(1)同義替換。

(2)語態(tài)互換。

(3)非謂語動詞短語與從句的互換。

(4)合并句子。

4.削“枝”去“葉”，實(shí)行精"兵”裁”員”

由于字?jǐn)?shù)有限制，所以在寫summary時還應(yīng)采取一些必要的手段來進(jìn)行精“兵”

裁“員”，減少字?jǐn)?shù)。慣常采用的方法有：

(1)主謂縮寫。如theywill—>they,ll;weare-we're;shouldnot—shouldn't;cannot—?can,t

等。

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⑵句式省略。如whenhecrossedtheroad=whcncrossingtheroad,ifthey'recorrectedtoo

much=ifcorrectedtoomuch.

（3）使用代詞或含有替代含義的詞。

鞏固練習(xí)：

初級：（記敘文，純粹概要寫作）

Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaand（hemainpointsofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Onadamp,boring,stay-in-housekindofday,Iwasa4-year-oldartistarmedwithanew

treasure:myownbigboxofcrayons（蠟筆）.Somehow,theusualpaperwasn'tspecial

enoughforthese64perfect,sweet-smellingsticksofvividcolor.Ilookedaroundforahiggcr

canvas（畫布）.Ifonlytherewerehiddenwalls.WallsliketheonesinMomandDad'scloset.

Slippingquietlydownthehalltothebedroom,Istoodontiptoetoreach（hesiringfor

theclosetlight.Wordsandimagesfilledmymindfasterthanmyhandscouldmakethem.

Abrilliantrainbowwasseenononewall,withacheerygoldensunpeekingoutfrom

above.Below,agiantshadetreesupportedaswingforstick-figurechildren.Around:hem,

flowersbloomedeverywhere.

Mymasterpiece!Allmyveryownmagic!Ilookinthewalls,thecolorsandthe

brightness.Joyswelledinsideme.Butasmycreativitywounddown,athoughtpoppedup:

I'vegottoshowMom!SuddenlyIwasstill.

Momcalledout,^Dinner'sready,"Afterashorttime,herfootstepsapproached,andthen

finally,theclosetdooropened.Istoodnervouslyinthecorne