小升初英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)解讀知識(shí)講解典例探究分層訓(xùn)練-第十五講首字母填空（學(xué)生版）

第十五講：首字母填空【考點(diǎn)解讀】首字母填空是近幾年小升初試題必考的的題型之一，因?yàn)樗兄浅：玫男哦群托Ф龋瑫r(shí)又能拉開(kāi)考生間的分差、提高區(qū)分度。這種題型屬于能力測(cè)試的范疇，要求考生在充分理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上將單詞拼寫(xiě)出來(lái)，并且單詞形式合理，符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)范和短文需要。這種試題的首字母已給，所填的單詞就必須是該字母開(kāi)頭的單詞。這既是一種限制，又是一種提示。所以這對(duì)于小升初學(xué)生的要求比較高，本講重點(diǎn)講解該種題型的一些方法和技巧?！局R(shí)講解】知識(shí)點(diǎn)1——★首字母SECTION解題秘籍▲答題步驟：1)閱讀全文（粗讀和細(xì)讀）2)判斷所缺單詞詞性3)填出使文章完整通順的單詞4)檢查所填單詞的數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)▲解題重點(diǎn)：1)詞性（尤其是長(zhǎng)句）；2)上下文聯(lián)系；3)固定搭配;4)積累高頻詞匯；復(fù)查語(yǔ)法▲注意事項(xiàng)：1會(huì)判斷詞性，具備分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和成分能力2關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)（時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，人稱(chēng)，名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞副詞的級(jí)）3一般全文中56個(gè)單詞相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單，可順利填出4要學(xué)會(huì)猜測(cè)單詞，不留空格5不要在一時(shí)拿不定主意的詞上糾纏▲解題難點(diǎn)：考綱詞匯生僻或冷門(mén)詞匯；一詞多義的詞；知識(shí)點(diǎn)2——做首字母填空必備歸根結(jié)底，記憶單詞方法錯(cuò)誤小學(xué)階段，大部分孩子背誦單詞只關(guān)注其拼寫(xiě)以其中文意思，而忘記最重要的一點(diǎn)單詞的詞性；對(duì)于語(yǔ)感不太好的學(xué)生，我們建議在做此題時(shí)，首先去判斷句子所缺的是成分從而確定其詞性。2、通過(guò)上下文聯(lián)系去推理有的老師要求小朋友通讀全文，這點(diǎn)是很好?？墒乾F(xiàn)實(shí)情況下，孩子們考英語(yǔ)總是時(shí)間來(lái)不及。但實(shí)際上只要從空格往前推2句開(kāi)始聯(lián)系和推理就夠了。句中會(huì)出現(xiàn)相關(guān)的情節(jié)、反義詞、時(shí)間等讓你確定空格的答案。（1）依據(jù)習(xí)慣用法與固定搭配進(jìn)行填詞：如…W

hishelp,theoldmanwassafe.Theboythankedhimverymuch.從句意我們就知道是“在他的幫助下”，withhishelp.（2）依據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行填詞：如…Itwasal

earlier.從句中的earlier可以看出它是比較級(jí)，我們應(yīng)該會(huì)想到修飾形容詞比較級(jí)有哪些詞，前面有a,那肯定就是little.（3）依據(jù)常識(shí)的積累進(jìn)行填詞：如…Butitwastoolate.Hisfriendwasveryangry.Mr.Whitesaidnothingbutonlyoneword“S

.”Mr.White遲到了，他的朋友很生氣，他什么都沒(méi)說(shuō)，只說(shuō)了一個(gè)字“S

.”我們根據(jù)常識(shí)肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.（4）依據(jù)邏輯推理與句意理解進(jìn)行填詞：如OneSundayafternoon,Mr.Whitedrovehisnewcartohisfriend’shousehappily.Hewantedtop

hisfriendupatfiveandthenwenttoseeanewmovietogether.根據(jù)句意，Mr.White高興地開(kāi)著車(chē)去他的朋友家，然后一起去看電影，我們可以進(jìn)行邏輯推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.3、縮小詞匯范圍，讓大腦變成詞庫(kù)一旦確定空格詞性和上下文意思推理后，就能明顯縮小詞匯范圍。同時(shí)，切記首字母的單詞不會(huì)超過(guò)新2的難度，所以新3的單詞根本在首字母題中用不上，顯得雞肋。因此，同學(xué)們只要填基礎(chǔ)詞就可以了。譬如，我們判斷此處為介詞，那么a開(kāi)頭的介詞above,along,among,about等，就會(huì)縮小一些的范圍。根據(jù)優(yōu)秀老師的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們專(zhuān)門(mén)設(shè)置了一個(gè)首字母單詞高頻分級(jí)圖，對(duì)于很多歷年考過(guò)的單詞作了分級(jí)，都會(huì)在課程最后給大家羅列出來(lái)。4、最后要注意，填完以后仔細(xì)檢查填完后，尤其檢查以下幾處：1）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)2）名詞單復(fù)數(shù)3）形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)4）單詞拼寫(xiě)5、系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)靠什么一個(gè)好的首字母專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)工具，不僅能事半功倍，還能少走彎路。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3——首字母填空高頻詞匯小升初首字母填空高頻詞匯匯總

A

about,

also,

and

,

although,

always,

any

,anything,

are,

all,

ache,

at,

actor,

again,

agree,

ask,

answer,

around,

afraid,

age,

across,

alone,

as,

away,

able

B

both,

because,

before,

but,

between,

behind,

besides,

by,

back,

believe,

buy,

busy,

bee,

beach,

belong,

bad,

blood,

beautiful

C

can,

children,

e,

cool,

change,

climate,

care,

corner,

called,

cold,

chance,

clear,

clean,

cost,

fortable

D

different,difficult,drive,decide,do/does,die(dead/dying),dream,dinner,disappear,during,down,drop

E

either,else,every,easy,enter,early,enough,enjoy,end,each,exam,energy,excited,education

F

for,forget,far,from,find,finally,family,friendly,famous,flow(flew),feel,few,fall

G

good,get,great,grade,game,give,guess,go,grow

H

hold,home,hope,help,have,heroes,however,happen,hundred,high,hurt,hard

I

in,improve,inside,imagine,into,if

,impossible,interesting,idea,instead

J

job,join,just

K

kind,keep,know(known)

L

lonely,like,loud,lazy,live,later,little,look,learn,listen,large,longer,last,luck

M

medical,medicine,make,much,more,mountain,mean,manner,message,move,must

N

nice,neighbour,neither,nor,night,nothing,not,necessary,nature,number

O

olympic,over,older,over,one,only,on,once,other,out,often,own,offer

P

parents,

poor,

pollution;

popular;

polite;

put;

person;

present;

protect;

place(s),

possible;

play;

public;

pass(past),

plan.

Q

quickly,

quiet

R

research;

recently;

repair;

real;

robot;

round;

right;

return;

result;

S

sport;

safe;

similar;

same;

sometimes;

start;

share;

still;

show;

smell;

smile;

shopping;

such;

sleepy;

seem;

survive;

success;

stay;

skill;

soon;

stop;

T

turn(turning);

tree;

truth;

tired;

think(thought);

thirsty;

times;

than;

try;

travel;

teaching;

themselves;

terrible;

traffic;

U

understand;

use;

useful;

usually;

umbrella;

until;

V

voice;

visit;

view;

very;

volleyball;

W

willing;

with;

without;

Y

yet;

year;三、【典例探究】【例題1】：Dogsaregoodpets.Theyareveryf

1

topeopleandalsoverybeautiful.Mostdogsgetonverywellwithc

2

andtheirparents.Othersaregoodwatchdogsbecausetheycryloudlywhenas

3

arrives.

Whenyoubuyadog,animportantthingtothinkaboutisits

s

4

——buyasmalldogifyourhomeissmallandabiggeroneify

5

islarger.Manypeopledon’tknowhowmuchtofeedtheirdogs.Dogseata

6

anything!Theylikemeat,riceandlotsofotherthings.Youcanbuylotsoffood

m

7

fordogsinshops.Don’tletyourdogseattoomuch.Feeditonlyonceaday.Alwaysl

8

waterforyourdog.Itcangetthirstyveryquickly,especiallyins

9

.

Rememberthatdogsneede

10

.Youshouldtakeitforawalkeveryday.Don’tkeepyourdoginsideallday.答案及簡(jiǎn)析

1.friendly.人們之所以把狗作為寵物來(lái)養(yǎng)，主要是因?yàn)樗鼈儽容^通人性，且對(duì)人很友好，能給人們帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)。根據(jù)“beveryf

1

topeople”來(lái)分析，此空應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞，表明狗對(duì)人的態(tài)度。friend是名詞，friendly是形容詞，故friendly是正確答案。

2.children.寵物狗自然是在家中養(yǎng)，它們除了聽(tīng)主人的話以外，與家中的小主人即孩子也是好朋友。由于是指大多數(shù)家庭的情況，并受their一詞的提示，此處應(yīng)填“孩子”的復(fù)數(shù)形式，即children。

3.stranger.狗的天性是護(hù)家。文中的watchdogs意為“看家狗”，專(zhuān)門(mén)指有生人來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)出叫喊的狗。“生人”在英文中即為stranger。

4.size.這個(gè)空略微有點(diǎn)難。一是size一詞平時(shí)用得較少，二是一般家庭都養(yǎng)小型犬，供狗活動(dòng)的空間一般不成問(wèn)題，因此，對(duì)狗的體積問(wèn)題考慮的較少。從后面的句子來(lái)看，此處是在談狗的體積的問(wèn)題——“如果你的家小，就買(mǎi)一只小狗；如果你的家大，就買(mǎi)一只大狗。”

5.yours.這是一個(gè)名詞性物主代詞，代替上半句的yourhome。此句完整的說(shuō)法應(yīng)是buyasmalldogifyourhomeissmallandbuyabiggeroneifyourhomeislarger.為避免詞的重復(fù)使用，在英文句子中常用名詞性物主代詞代替前面的那個(gè)名詞。本文最突出的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是決大多數(shù)需填詞的后面都有一句或兩句話的內(nèi)容是對(duì)所填詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的。因此，在做這種類(lèi)型的題時(shí)，一定要注意分析上下文的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行推理和歸納，正確的理解句意，最后決定出最佳的詞及其正確形式?！纠}2】：Therewasanoldmanwholovedmoneyverymuch.Hen

1

gaveanythingtoanybody.Aftersomeyearshebecamer

2

.

Onedayhewaswalkingneartheriverwithhisfriendswhenhefellintotheriver.Hisfriendsrantohelphim.Oneofthemheldouthishandandcried,“Givemeyourhand,andI’llp

3

youout！”Therichm

4

headwentdownthewatera

5

thencameupagain,buthedidnotg

6

hishandtohisfriend.Againanotherofhisfriendstried,butagainthes

7

thinghappened.

Thena

8

friend,Nasreddin,said,“TakemyhandandI’llpullyouout!”TherichmantookhishandandNasreddinpulledhimoutofthewater.

“Youdon’tknowyourfriendveryw9

.”Nasreddinsaidtotheothers.“Whenyousay‘Give！’tohim,hed

10

nothing,butwhenyousay‘Take！’healwaystakes.”答案與簡(jiǎn)析：

守財(cái)奴鬧出了笑話。文中談了一次救人的過(guò)程，解題時(shí)要根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的情況特別注意“give”和“take”的妙用。

1.never.因?yàn)閘ovemoney,所以他決不會(huì)“給予”。never意為“從不”。

2.rich.rich是形容詞，作表語(yǔ)。由于從不施舍，幾年后他就富有了。

3.pull.pull...out意為“把……拉出來(lái)”。

4.man’s.head為名詞，要選用man的所有格形式。

5.and.andthen...意為“后來(lái)又……”。and起并列作用。

6.give.give...to...意為“把……給……”。

7.same.句意為：又發(fā)生了同樣的情況。

8.another.another表示不定指的“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”。

9.well.well為副詞，knowwell意思是“很了解”。

10.does.這句話是引述原話，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。donothing表示“什么事都不干”。四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習(xí)1】Doyouknowtheword“brunch”?IntheWest,manypeopleliketohavebrunch—late(1)b________orearlylunch.Peopleoftenhavebrunch(2)b_____10a.m.and2p.m.onSundaybecausetheyprefertogetup(3)l_____afteraweek'shardworkorwanttoenjoybrunchwiththeirparents,orfriends.Thatisarelaxingandinteresting(4)w______ofeatingformostfamilies.

Today,brunchhasbee(5)p______inbighotels.Onecan(6)e_____askfororcookithimself.Tomakeit(7)l______likebothbreakfastandlunch,peoplechoosetohavelotsofdishes.Youmayoftenseethefollowing(8)f______onthetable,meat,eggs,fruit,(9)v_______,orangejuice,teaandbacon.Doyouhavebrunchat(10)w_______?Ifnot,whynottry?【練習(xí)2】(1)Atdifferenttimesinaman'slifehisfoodhasdifferenteffects(影響)onhisbody.Amongchildrenf1isquicklychangedtothepower(力量)torunandplaygames.Mostofayoungman'sfoodisspentongrowingt2;Wegrowupwardsonlyd3thefirsttwentyyearsofourl4,notlater.Workingmengettheirstrongbodiesfromtheirfood;andiftheyworkh5,theydonotgetfat.Officeworkerseatwellands6downalot,andmaybegintogrowfatwhens7quiteyoung.Manyolderpeoplet8toworkmuchandwalkoften.P9themostdifficulttimeiswhenamanr10sixtyyearsofage.Hisbodyandmindb11restful,withoutmuchworkorinterest.Thatiswhenfoodchangesquicklytof12.【鞏固】【練習(xí)1】(2)Bats(蝙蝠)aretheonlyflying"animals"intheworld.Itisk1toallthattheycannotseeverywell."Asb2asabat"isoftenheard.Yet,theyhavenot3flyingonthedarkestnightsandf4theirwayroundverywell.Whycanbatsflyandseeatnight?Theyflyb5"radar(雷達(dá))".Thebat'sradarw6thesamewayastheradaronshipsandplanes.Asabatfliest7theair,itmakesasound.Ifthesoundshitt8,theywillebackandthebat'searswillr9themessage.Inthisway,thebatisa10toknowwherethethingsare.Batsgooutforf11atnight.Inthedaytime,theyhanginsomed12places.【練習(xí)2】（3）Tennisisinitssecondlife.Itsfirstgameb1inFrance.ThenameofthegameesfromtheFrenchword"tennez".TheEnglishmenc2thegame"tennis"whentheywatchedtheFrenchmenplay800yearsago.TheEnglishmenlikedtheFrenchgame.Tenniscourtswerebuiltineverypark,ineverycity,justl3today.Thetwocountriesplayeda4eachother.Atfirsttheyplayedforhonor.Thentheyw5money.Laterpeoplebegancheating（欺騙）togetmoney.Threehundredyearsagothegamewasforbidden（禁止）tostopthecheating.Thegamea6disappeared.AmericansfoundtheoldcourtswhentheywenttoEurope100yearsago.Theylearnedw7theycoulddoaboutthegame.TheylikedthegameastheEnglishmenhadb8.Afterreturninghome,theAmericansbuilttenniscourts.Tennisbegantobeep9inalltheUnitedStates.Nowitisoneofthemoste10gamesintheworldagain.【拔高】【練習(xí)1】(4)Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.Everydaymyparentsareverybusyt1tomakemoneyinordertopaythehightuition(學(xué)費(fèi)）formybrotherandme.Theyh2say"Iloveyou"orsendf3toeachother.Besides，myfatherhasabadtemper(脾氣).Itiseasyforhimtolosehistemperw4he'sverytiredfromthehardwork.Ididn'tknowwhethertherewaslovebetweenthemu5onespring.Atthattime，myfathersuddenlygotbadlysick.Mymotherhadtostaywithhiminthehospitalforamonth.Whentheyreturnedfromthehospital,theybothlookedveryw6asifbothofthemhadaseriousillness.Aftertheywereback,mymotherhelpedmyfatherwalkslowlyonthecountryroadeverydayinthemorninganddusk.H7aftertwomonthsmyfatherstillcouldn'twalkbyh8.Allofuswereworriedabouthim."Dad，howareyouf9now?"Iaskedhimoneday."Susan,don'tworryaboutme."hesaidI10alowvoice."Ijustlikewalkingwithyourmom.Ilikethiskindoflife."Readinghiseyes,Iknowhelovesmymotherverymuch.OnceIthoughtlovem11flowers,presentsandsweetkisses.Butfromthise12,Iunderstandthatloveisinside,makinglifestrongandwarm.【練習(xí)2】(5)Awomanwaseatinginarestaurant.Sheaskedthewaitertodomanyt1forher.Nowshewasg2thewaiteralotoftrouble.F3,sheaskedthewaitertoturnontheairconditionerbecauseshef4toohot.Thensheaskedhimtoturnito5becauseshewastoocold.Thiswentonandonforn6halfanhour.Butthewaiterwasverykindandh7.Hedideverythingthewomanaskedh8todowithoutgettingangry.F9,someoneelseintherestaurantaskedwhythew10didn'tjustthrowthewomanout."Oh,Idon'tcare."Thewaitersaidandsmiling,"Wedon'tevenhaveanairconditioner."五、【課后鞏固】【習(xí)題1】1.Henrywasworried.Thiswashisfirsttimetogotravelingbyair.Hedidnotknowh___tofindhisseat,sohewenttotheairhostessandasked,"Couldyouhelpme?Ican'tfindmyseat."Theairhostesss___himtheseatandtoldhimtositd___andfastentheseatbelt.ShetoldHenrynottom___aboutwhentheplanewasgoingup.AndshealsosaidthatHenry'searsmightfeelalittles___,buthedidn'tneedtoworryaboutitb___manypeoplefeltlikethat.Whentheplanewasf___veryhigh,Henrycouldstandupandwalkround.Hecoulde___readbooks,newspapersorseefilms.Theairhostesswouldb_____foodanddrinks.Henrycoulde___theflightandarrivedhomesoon.2.IamBill.IamEIetoCwithmyparents.Theyworkinauniversity(大學(xué))andIstudyinam______school.Westayinahouseneartheuniversitybutitisfarfrom(遠(yuǎn)離)myschool.Igetupatsixinthemandthenhavesomebandmforbreakfast.Igotoschoolbybike.Thefirstlessonbateight,soImustgetthereatsevenfortyfive.InChina,lofpeoplegotoworkbybikeandyoucanseebikeshandt.Chinaisa“CountryofBike.”3.Theu________meanstheearth,thesun,themoonandthestarsandthespaceb________them.Manyofthestarsaresof_____awaythatwecannotseethem.Themoon,oursatellite,travelsa______theearth.Ithasalreadybeenvisitedb______manfromtheearth.Manmadesatelliteshavebeensentupi______spacebymanycountries.Theygoroundtheearth.Theyareusedforhelpingustolearnmorea______theearth,theweatherandotherthings.Theyarealsousedforsendingandr_______messages.Itmakespeoplef_______differentcountriesunderstandeachothermuchbetter.Sopeoplesaytheworlditselfisbeingamuchs_____place.Peoplecallthesmallplace“theglobalvillage”.4.DoyouknowSweden?ItlinthenorthofEurope.ItisthefourthlargestcountryinEuropewithanareaof450000squarekilometersandapofabout8.5million.overonethirdofthemliveinthethreelargestcities,namelyStockholm,GoteborgandMalmo.MorethanhalfofSwedeniscwithtrees.Itisoneofthercountriesintheworld.About100yearsagoSwedenbecameindustrialized(工業(yè)化）。Todaylessthanlessthanonethirdofthepeoplearef.SwedenisthecountrywheretheworldfamousNobelPriozesareawarded.ManypeoplewhohavebeentoStockholm,thecofSweden,musthavevisitedtheplaceswhereNobelPrizesareawarded.thefirstlanguageofSwedenisSwedish.Englishisthefirstflanguageinschools.Manymiddleschoolstud