管理學（第三版）課件：Managing Human Resources

ManagingHumanResources

LearningObjectivesLO1

Discusshowcompaniesusehumanresourcesmanagementtogaincompetitiveadvantage.LO2

Givereasonswhycompaniesrecruitbothinternallyandexternallyfornewhires.LO3

Understandvariousmethodsforselectingnewemployeesandequalemploymentopportunitylaws.LO4

Evaluatetheimportanceofspendingontraininganddevelopment.LearningObjectives(cont.)LO5

Explainalternativesforwhoappraisesanemployee’sperformance.LO6

Describethefundamentalaspectsofarewardsystem.LO7

Summarizehowunionsandlaborlawsinfluencehumanresourcesmanagement.HumanResourceManagementHumanresourcesmanagement(HRM)systemoforganizationalactivitiestoattract,develop,andmotivateaneffectiveandqualifiedworkforce.Alsoknownastalent,humancapital,orpersonnelmanagement.StrategicHumanResourcesManagementHRPlanningInvolves

ThreeStagesTheHRPlanningProcessDemandforecastsdetermininghowmanyandwhattypeofpeopleareneeded.Supplyoflaborhowmanyandwhattypesofemployeestheorganizationactuallywillhave.HRPlanningProcessFigure8.1Question Whattoolisusedfordeterminingwhatisdoneonagivenjobandwhatshouldbedoneonthatjob?JobdescriptionJobspecificationJobanalysisOccupationbreakdown

TheHRPlanningProcessJobanalysisAtoolfordeterminingwhatisdoneonagivenjobandwhatshouldbedoneonthatjob.StaffingtheOrganizationRecruitment

ThedevelopmentofapoolofapplicantsforjobsinanorganizationInternal,externalSelection

ChoosingfromamongqualifiedapplicantstohireintoanorganizationSelectionMethodsInterviewsBackgroundChecksPersonalityTestsInterviewsStructuredinterviewSelectiontechniquethatinvolvesaskingallapplicantsthesamequestionsandcomparingtheirresponsestoastandardizedsetofanswers.PerformanceTestsAssessmentcenterAmanagerialperformancetestinwhichcandidatesparticipateinavarietyofexercisesandsituations.ReliabilityandValidityReliabilityTheconsistencyoftestscoresovertimeandacrossalternativemeasurements.ValidityThedegreetowhichaselectiontestpredictsorcorrelateswithjobperformanceCriterion,contentValidityCriterion-relatedvalidityreferstothedegreetowhichatestactuallypredictsorcorrelateswithjobperformanceContentvalidityconcernsthedegreetowhichselectiontestsmeasurearepresentativesampleoftheknowledge,skills,andabilitiesrequiredforthejobSometimesEmployees

MustBeLetGoOutplacementTheprocessofhelpingpeoplewhohavebeendismissedfromthecompanyregainemploymentelsewhere.TerminationEmployment-at-willThelegalconceptthatanemployeemaybeterminatedforanyreason.AdviceonTerminationDogiveasmuchwarningaspossibleformasslayoffs.Dositdownoneononewiththeindividual,inaprivateoffice.Docompleteaterminationsessionwithin15minutes.Don’tallowtimefordebateduringaterminationsession.Don’tmakepersonalcommentswhenfiringsomeone.LegalIssuesandEqualEmploymentOpportunityAdverseimpactWhenaseeminglyneutralemploymentpracticehasadisproportionatelynegativeeffectonaprotectedgroup.U.S.EqualEmploymentLawsExhibit8.3U.S.EqualEmploymentLaws(cont.)Exhibit8.3TrainingandDevelopmentTrainingTeachinglower-levelemployeeshowtoperformtheirpresentjobs.DevelopmentHelpingmanagersandprofessionalemployeeslearnthebroadskillsneededfortheirpresentandfuturejobs.TrainingandDevelopmentNeedsassessmentAnanalysisidentifyingthejobs,people,anddepartmentsforwhichtrainingisnecessary.Percentageofcompaniesincreasing

spendingonspecifictrainingareasin2011Exhibit8.4TypesofTrainingOrientationtrainingTrainingdesignedtointroducenewemployeestothecompanyandfamiliarizethemwithpolicies,procedures,culture,andthelikeTeamtrainingTrainingthatprovidesemployeeswiththeskillsandperspectivestheyneedtocollaboratewithothers.TypesofTrainingDiversitytrainingProgramsthatfocusonidentifyingandreducinghiddenbiasesagainstpeoplewithdifferencesanddevelopingtheskillsneededtomanageadiversifiedworkforce.PerformanceAppraisalPerformanceappraisal(PA)Assessmentofanemployee’sjobperformance.TypesofAppraisalsPerformanceAppraisalManagementbyobjectives(MBO)Aprocessinwhichobjectivessetbyasubordinateandasupervisormustbereachedwithinagiventimeperiod.Question ___________istheprocessofusingmultiplesourcesofappraisaltogainacomprehensiveperspectiveonone’sperformance.360-degreeappraisalPeerappraisalContentappraisalEquityappraisal

PerformanceAppraisal360-degreeappraisalProcessofusingmultiplesourcesofappraisaltogainacomprehensiveperspectiveonone’sperformanceFactorsInfluencingtheWageMixInternalfactorsincludetheorganization’scompensationpolicy,theworthofeachjob,theemployee’srelativeworth,andtheemployer’sabilitytopayExternalfactorsincludeconditionsofthelabormarket,areawagerates,thecostofliving,theuseofcollectivebargaining,andlegalrequirementsPayStructureExhibit8.6EmployeeBenefitsCafeteriabenefitprogramAnemployeebenefitprograminwhichemployeeschoosefromamenuofoptionstocreateabenefitpackagetailoredtotheirneeds.FlexiblebenefitprogramsBenefitprogramsinwhichemployeesaregivencreditstospendonbenefitsthatfittheiruniqueneeds.PayandBenefitsMust

MeetLegalRequirementsComparableworthprincipleofequalpayfordifferentjobsofequalworthLaborRelatio