2024-2025學年高中英語Unit1Greatscientistsreading課時作業(yè)2新人教版必修5

Unit1Greatscientistsreading課時作業(yè)第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFIRE-FIGHTINGHowtofightafireAnyonewhousesfire-extinguishersshouldknowafewbasicfactsabouthowtomakethemwork.Thisleafletwilltellyouthemostimportantthingstorememberifyouhavetoputafireout.WaterextinguishersYoucanputmostfiresoutwithwaterextinguishers.However,youshouldnotusewaterextinguishersifthefireinvolveselectricalequipmentorifithasbeenstartedbyflammable(易燃的)liquidssuchaspetrol.Asinallfires,makesurethatthewindisbehindyou—ifyoudothis,thesmokewillblowawayfromyou.Pointthejetofwateratthebottomofthefireandmoveitslowlyhigher.Rememberthatyoushouldonlyuseextinguishersforsmallfires.Ifthereisanydangerofthefirespreadingtoanythingthatcanexplode,youshouldnottrytoputthefireoutyourself.Instead,leavethebuildingimmediately,andcallthefirebrigade.Foam(泡沫)extinguishersYoucanuseafoamextinguisherforfirecausedbyburningliquidssuchaspetrol.Neverpointthejetdirectlyintotheliquiditself,asthismaymakeitsplashandspreadthefire.Instead,tryandpointtheextinguisherupintotheairsothatthefoamgoesupandfallsontopoftheburningliquid.Whateverthekindoffire,donotstandupstraight—ifyoucanstaydown,thiswillhelpyoutoavoidthesmoke,andyoumaybeabletogetclosertothefire.Getoutofthebuildingatonceifyouthinkyourescaperoutemightbecutoffbysmokeorfire.CarbonDioxide(CO2)extinguishersSomefireextinguishersarefilledwithagascalledcarbondioxide.Youcanusethesetoputoutfireswhichhavebeencausedeitherbyelectricalequipmentorflammableliquids.Ifthefirehasbeencausedbyelectricalequipment,switchtheequipmentoffandpointtheextinguisherstraightatthefire.Ifthefirehasbeencausedbyaliquidlikepetrol,pointtheextinguisheratthenearestedgeofthefire,andmoveitfromsidetoside.Remember,neverstayinabuildingifitisdangeroustodoso,orifthefiregrowsbeyondyourcontrol.Makesureyouarestandingnearanexitincasethishappens.1．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Youcannotputallfiresoutwithwaterextinguishers.B．Incaseoffire,staydowntoprotectyourselffromthesmoke.C．Ifthefiremightcauseanyfurtherexplosion,askforprofessionalhelp.D．Foamextinguishersareforfirescausedbyelectricalequipment.2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Inappropriateuseoffireextinguishersmightmakethingsworse.B．Youshouldstayinthebuildingifyourescaperouteiscutoff.C．Standingclosetoanexitwillabsolutelyguaranteeyoursafetyinafire.D．Firefightingisacomplicatedjobthatcanonlybedonebyfirebrigades.3．Whoisthepotentialtargetreaderofthispassage?A．Firefighters. B．Thegeneralpublic. C．Collegeprofessors. D．Youngchildren.BMarkTwain,thefamousAmericanwriter,likedtoplayjokesonothers.Butonceajokewasplayedonhim.OnedayMarkTwainwasinvitedtogiveatalkinasmalltown.Atlunchhemetayoungman,oneofhisfriends.Theyoungmansaidthathehasanunclewithhim.HetoldTwainthathisuncleneverlaughedorsmiled,andthatnobodyandnothingwasabletomakehisunclesmileorlaugh."Youbringyouruncletomytalktonight,"saidMarkTwain."I'msureIcanmakehimlaugh".Thateveningtheyoungmanandhisunclesatinthefront.MarkTwainbegantospeak.Hetoldseveralfunnystories.Thismadeeveryoneintheroomlaugh.Butthemanneverevensmiled.MarkTwaintoldmorefunnystories,buttheoldmanstillkeptquiet.MarkTwaintoldhisfunnystories.Finallyhestopped.Hewastiredandquitedisappointed(悲觀的)．Somedayslater,MarkTwaintoldanotherfriendofhisaboutwhathadhappened."Oh,"saidhisfriend."Iknowthatoldman.He'sbeendeaf(聾)foryears."4．MarkTwainlikedtoplayjokeson_____.A．himself B．others C．oldmen D．Americans5．OnedayMarkTwainmet_____atlunch.A．a(chǎn)friend B．a(chǎn)youngman'suncleC．a(chǎn)younggirl D．a(chǎn)deaf6．TheyoungmantoldMarkTwainthathisunclenever_____.A．spoke B．talked C．laughed D．a(chǎn)te7．MarkTwainstoppedtellingstoriesatlastbecausehewas_____.A．thirsty B．tired C．a(chǎn)ngry D．sleepyCThoughitisnotgoodforustoexposeourselvestosunlightfortoolong,allowingourselvesappropriateamountofexposuretosunlightgivesusmanybenefitsandaffectsusinanumberofways.Withoutthesun,lifewouldnothavedeveloped.Itgivesusenergyandheatsourworld.Thesungivesuslightandthusinturnweareabletoseethebeautifulcolorsinourworld.Itmakesusfeelgoodwhenwefeelthewarmthofitsraysonourshoulders.Westoretheenergyfromthesuntohelpbuildandheatourhouses.Withoutsunlightwewouldnotbeabletosurvive.Sunlightgivesbalance.Alllivingthingsliveinafoodchainandatthebeginningofthefoodchaincomestheplantwhichabsorbssunlightandtransformslightenergyintochemicalenergy,whichwillthenbeabsorbedbyanotherlifetobeturnedintoanewkindofenergyandsoon.OneofthebenefitsthatwecangetfromsunlightisthatwecanreceivevitaminDfromsunlight.Ithelpsustokeepahealthybody,controltheamountofmineralsinthebody,whichisneededtohelpkeepourbonesandteethingoodconditionandhelpstokeepawell-balancedmind.Differentplacesontheearthreceivevaryingdegreesofsunlight,whichwilldecidetheregion’sclimate.Forexample,thefartherawayitisfromtheequator(赤道),thesharpertheangle(角度)ofthesun’sraysthatreachit,whichmeansthatsunlightcoveragewillbemorespreadout,andreceivelessheatthanlowerlatitudeareasnearertheequator.8．Whydoessunlightgivebalance?A．Ithelpstopassenergy. B．Ithelpstoabsorbenergy.C．Ithelpstoformnewlives. D．Ithelpstoprotectnewlives.9．Sunlightcanassistpeoplein____.A．increasingtheamountofminerals B．obtainingahealthynervesystemC．keepingtheirbonesandteethhealthy D．keepingadelightedmind10．What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Whichplaceisthehottest. B．Howsunlightaffectstheclimate.C．Howtogetmoresunlight. D．Howmuchsunlightaplaceneeds.11．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Avoidbeingexposedtosunlighttoolong B．Followtheresearchers’wordsC．Goodeffectsofsunlightonourlives D．MakingfulluseofsunlightDIfhumanseverhopetoliveontheMars,thesettlerswillneedtoproduceaseriesoforganiccompounds(有機化合物),fromfuelstodrugs,whicharetooexpensivetoshipfromEarth.ChemistsfromUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,andLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory(BerkeleyLab)haveaplanforthat.Forthepasteightyears,theresearchershavebeenworkingonasystemcombiningbacteriaandnanowires(細菌和納米線)thatcancatchtheenergyofsunlighttochangecarbondioxide(CO,)andwaterintobuildingblocksfororganicthings.Nanowiresarethinwiresaboutone-hundredththewidthofahumanhair,usedaselectronicparts,andalsoassolarcells.“OnMars,about96%oftheatmosphereisCO2.Basically,allyouneedisthesenanowirestotakeinthesolarenergyandpassitontothesebacteriatodothechemistryforyou,”saidprojectleaderPeidongYang,professorofchemistryandtheS.K.andAngelaChanDistinguishedChairinEnergyatUCBerkeley.“Foradeepspacetask,youcareabouttheweight,andbiologicalsystemshavetheadvantagethattheyself-reproduce:Youdon’tneedtosendalot.That’swhythisversionishighlyattractive.”Theonlyotherrequirement,besidessunlight,iswater,whichonMarsisrelativelymorethanenoughinthepolaricecapsandlikelyliesfrozenundergroundovermostoftheplanet,saidYang.Itworkslikephotosynthesis(光合作用),whichplantsnaturallyemploytochangeCO2andwaterintocarboncompounds,mostlysugarandcarbohydrates.Plants,however,haveaquitelowefficiency(效率),usuallychanginglessthanone-halfpercentofsolarenergyintocarboncompounds.Yang’ssystemiscomparabletotheplantthatbestchangesCO2tosugar,whichis4～5%efficient.12．Whatisthefunctionofthenewbiologicalsystem?A．ReducingairpollutiononMars.B．CarryingmanyorganicthingstoMars.C．HelpingtoproduceorganiccompoundsonMars.D．Makingbuildingblockswithoutsunlight.13．Whyistheself-reproductionpossibleonMars?A．There’splentyofCO2,waterandsunlightonMars.B．Marsismucheasiertolandthanotherplanets.C．Spaceshiptechnologyhasdevelopedalot.D．LotsofoxygenwasfoundonMars.14．WhatcanwelearnaboutYang’ssystemaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Itdoesn’tneedcarbondioxideandwater.B．Itcanbereplacedbyplantsinspace.C．Itsefficiencyishigherthannaturalphotosynthesis’s.D．Itfunctionsbasedonrulesdifferentfromphotosynthesis.15．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Life. B．Science. C．Health. D．Education.其次節(jié)七選五閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Weallwanttogotothegymonaregularbasis.Butsometimeswecan’tdoitduetovariousreasons,suchashavingnoenoughtimeorjustlackingthemotivation.16Hereareplentyofwaysyoucanstayfitathome.Wearworkoutclothesathome.Whenyou’renotgettingreadytogooutanywhere,putonclothesthataresuitableforexercising.17That’sbecausethey’llkeepexerciseattheforefrontofyourmind.18Whetheryou’reworkingonyourcomputerorwatchingtelevision,getupandmovearoundfor5to10minutesforeveryhouryousit.Pacearoundtheroom,ordo10-20jumps.Walkasoftenaspossible.Manysmartphoneshavebuilt-inactivityappsthatwillalsomonitoryourstepcount.Usethesetoseehowmanystepsyou’regettingineachday.Trytoaddafewhundredstepseachweektograduallybecomemoreactive.Setagoalforhowmanystepsyouwanttoachieve.19Putonyourfavoritemusicanddance.Dancingcanbehealthywaythatgetsyourheartrateupandyourbloodpumping.Useslowersongstowarmup.Thenswitchtosomefasterpaceddancemusic.20No,youdon’thavetobeaprofessionaldancer,justhavefunmovingtothemusicandimprovingyourfitnessatthesametime.A.Mustyoudanceperfectly? B.Wherecanwedoexerciseregularly? C.Takeshortfitnessbreakswhensitting. D.Howcanwefitexerciseintodailylife?E.Thenchallengeyourselftomeetthatgoal,F.Walkaroundorjumpwhenusingsmartphones.G.Theymayencourageyoutoexercisealittleharder.參考答案1~3DBA4~7BACB8~11ACBC12~15CACB16~40DGCEA部分答案解析：1．D2．A3．B這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了如何正確運用不同的滅火器和運用時的留意事項。1．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中“Youcanputmostfiresoutwithwaterextinguishers.”（你用水滅火器可以撲滅大部分的火）可知，水滅火器只能撲滅大部分的火，所以A項Youcannotputallfiresoutwithwaterextinguishers.你不能用水滅火器撲滅全部的火，與原文意思相符，所以A項正確；依據(jù)文中“Whateverthekindoffire,donotstandupstraight—ifyoucanstaydown,thiswillhelpyoutoavoidthesmoke”（不論什么樣的火，不要始終站著-假如你能趴下，這樣可以幫你避開煙）可知，趴下是可以有效避開煙的損害的，所以B項Incaseoffire,staydowntoprotectyourselffromthesmoke.假如有火，趴下可以讓你免受煙的損害，與文中意思相符，所以B項正確；依據(jù)文中“Ifthereisanydangerofthefirespreadingtoanythingthatcanexplode,youshouldnottrytoputthefireoutyourself.Instead,leavethebuildingimmediately,andcallthefirebrigade.”（當所處火災(zāi)有進一步的擴散到可能引起爆炸的任何東西時，你不應(yīng)當獨自滅火，而是應(yīng)當馬上離開那個建筑物并且給消防隊打電話。）可知，火災(zāi)有進一步危急的時候，應(yīng)當先自保離開火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場，并打電話報火警，所以C項，Ifthefiremightcauseanyfurtherexplosion,askforprofessionalhelp.假如火可能會引起進一步的爆炸，向?qū)I(yè)人求助，與原文意思相符，所以C項正確；依據(jù)文中“Youcanuseafoamextinguisherforfirecausedbyburningliquidssuchaspetrol.”（當出現(xiàn)像汽油等液體引起的火災(zāi)時可以用泡沫滅火器來滅火）可知，泡沫滅火器是針對液體引起的火災(zāi)的，而D項，F(xiàn)oamextinguishersareforfirescausedbyelectricalequipment.泡沫滅火器用來撲滅由電器引起的火災(zāi)，與原文意思不符，所以D項錯誤，綜上所述，只有D項不正確，故選D項。2．推理推斷題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹不同的滅火器滅火，但不同滅火器的運用方法會因為不同類型的火災(zāi)也有所不同，所以在滅火時肯定要正確運用滅火器，那么言外之意就是，假如沒有正確運用滅火器也可能會使火災(zāi)更加惡化，所以A項，Inappropriateuseoffireextinguishersmightmakethingsworse.不正確的運用滅火器可能會使事情惡化，是正確的；依據(jù)文中“Getoutofthebuildingatonceifyouthinkyourescaperoutemightbecutoffbysmokeorfire.”（假如逃跑路途被火或者煙切斷，你應(yīng)當馬上離開樓里），可知B項，Youshouldstayinthebuildingifyourescaperouteiscutoff.假如逃跑路途被切斷，你應(yīng)當待在樓里，與原文不符，所以B項錯誤；C項Standingclosetoanexitwillabsolutelyguaranteeyoursafetyinafire.在火災(zāi)中，站在靠近出口的地方可以肯定保證你的平安，說法太肯定，所以C項錯誤；D項Firefightingisacomplicatedjobthatcanonlybedonebyfirebrigades.滅火是一項特別困難的工作，所以只能由消防隊來做這個工作。從文中介紹不同的滅火器運用方法可以知道，滅火并沒有很困難，只是須要我們駕馭滅火器正確運用方法，除非火災(zāi)特別危急而且有爆炸的可能，才須要求助消防隊，所以D項錯誤，綜上所述，只有A項正確，是我們可以從文中推理出來的，故選A項。3．推理推斷題。從文中可以知道文章在介紹滅火器的運用方法和留意事項，操作簡潔明白，而且文中多次提出只有特別狀況下才須要我們向消防隊的專業(yè)人士尋求幫助，所以我們可以看出這篇文章的潛在讀者應(yīng)當是大眾讀者，即一般公眾，B項正確，故選B項。4．B5．A6．C7．B這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了聞名美國作家馬克吐溫平常愛開別人玩笑，但有一次卻被別人開了玩笑。4．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“MarkTwain,thefamousAmericanwriter,likedtoplayjokesonothers.(美國聞名作家馬克·吐溫喜愛開別人的玩笑。)”可知，他喜愛跟別人開玩笑，故選B項。5．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Atlunchhemetayoungman,oneofhisfriends.(吃午飯時，他遇到了一個年輕人，他的一個摯友。)”可知，一天吃午飯時他遇到了他的一個摯友，故選A項。6．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“HetoldTwainthathisuncleneverlaughedorsmiled,andthatnobodyandnothingwasabletomakehisunclesmileorlaugh.(他告知吐溫，他的叔叔從不笑或微笑，沒有人或任何事能夠使他的叔叔微笑或大笑。)”可知，他摯友的叔叔不會笑，故選C項。7．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段最終一句“Finallyhestopped.Hewastiredandquitedisappointed(最終他停了下來。他很累，很悲觀。)”可知，馬克吐溫累了，故選B項。8．A9．C30．B31．C這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了太陽對人類生活的主動影響。8．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Sunlightgivesbalance.Alllivingthingsliveinafoodchainandatthebeginningofthefoodchaincomestheplantwhichabsorbssunlightandtransformslightenergyintochemicalenergy,whichwillthenbeabsorbedbyanotherlifetobeturnedintoanewkindofenergyandsoon.”可知，陽光使萬物保持平衡。全部的生物都生活在一個食物鏈中，在食物鏈的起先，植物汲取陽光，將光能轉(zhuǎn)化為化學能，然后被另一個生命汲取，轉(zhuǎn)化為一種新的能量等等。由此可知，陽光使萬物保持平衡是因為它有助于傳遞能量。故選A項。9．細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Ithelpsustokeepahealthybody,controltheamountofmineralsinthebody,whichisneededtohelpkeepourbonesandteethingoodconditionandhelpstokeepawell-balancedmind.”可知，它幫助我們保持健康的身體，限制身體中礦物質(zhì)的含量，這些礦物質(zhì)是保持骨骼和牙齒處于良好狀態(tài)所需的，有助于保持良好的心理平衡。所以陽光可以幫助人們保持骨骼和牙齒的健康。故選C項。10．主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段“Differentplacesontheearthreceivevaryingdegreesofsunlight,whichwilldecidetheregion’sclimate.Forexample,thefartherawayitisfromtheequator,thesharpertheangleofthesun’sraysthatreachit,whichmeansthatsunlightcoveragewillbemorespreadout,andreceivelessheatthanlowerlatitudeareasnearertheequator.”可知，地球上不同的地方接受不同程度的陽光，這將確定該地區(qū)的氣候。由此可知，最終一段的大意是陽光如何影響氣候。故選B項。11．主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段“Thoughitisnotgoodforustoexposeourselvestosunlightfortoolong,allowingourselvesappropriateamountofexposuretosunlightgivesusmanybenefitsandaffectsusinanumberofways.”可知，雖然長時間暴露在陽光下對我們不好，但讓自己適當?shù)乇┞对陉柟庀聲o我們帶來很多好處，并在很多方面影響我們。所以短文的最佳標題為“陽光對我們生活的主動影響”。故選C項。12．C13．A14．C15．B這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了可以在火星上自己生產(chǎn)有機化合物的新系統(tǒng)。文章分析了它的可能性以及它的優(yōu)點。12．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段“IfhumanseverhopetoliveontheMars,thesettlerswillneedtoproduceaseriesoforganiccompounds(有機化合物),fromfuelstodrugs,whicharetooexpensivetoshipfromEarth.”（假如人類希望在火星上生活，定居者將須要生產(chǎn)一系列的有機化合物，從燃料到藥物，這些從地球上運輸出來的東西太貴了。）可知，人類若須要在火星上定居，則須要生產(chǎn)一系列的有機化合物，但是從地球上運輸很昂貴。同時在依據(jù)第三段“Forthepasteightyears,theresearchershavebeenworkingonasystemcombiningbacteriaandnanowires(細菌和納米線)thatcancatchtheenergyofsunlighttochangecarbondioxide(CO,)andwaterintobuildingblocksfororganicthings.Nanowiresarethinwiresabout