《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-三、稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控（雙語）

三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder

（一）發(fā)生與為害情況

OccurrenceandDamage

稻縱卷葉螟俗稱刮青蟲、百葉蟲、小苞蟲，屬鱗翅目螟蛾科，廣泛分布我國南北各稻區(qū)，但以南方稻區(qū)發(fā)生量大，為害重。主要為害水稻，有時為害小麥、甘蔗、粟及一些禾本科雜草。

Riceleaffolder,commonlyknownasCnaphalocrocismedinalisGuenée,belongstoLepidopteraPyralidae,whichiswidelydistributedinvariousriceregionsinthenorthandsouthofChina,butthesouthernriceregionhasalargeamountofoccurrence,causingseriousdamage.Itmainlydamagesrice,sometimeswheat,sugarcane,milletandsomepoaceousweeds.

以幼蟲綴絲縱卷水稻葉片成蟲苞，幼蟲隱匿其中取食葉肉，僅留表皮，形成白色條斑，致使水稻千粒重降低，秕粒增加，一般減產(chǎn)2～3成，重的達5成以上，甚至顆粒無收。

Thelarvaerolltheimagobractsofriceleaveslongitudinallywithfilaments.Thelarvaehideinthemandfeedonmesophyll,leavingonlytheepidermistoformwhitestripes,resultinginadecreaseinthethousand-grainweightofriceandanincreaseinblightedgrains.Generally,theyieldisreducedby20–30%,andmorethan50%inseriouscases,orevennoharvest.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder（二）形態(tài)識別

MorphologicalRecognition

1、成蟲

Imago

體長7～9mm，翅展12～18mm，淡黃褐色。前、后翅外緣均有黑褐色寬邊。前翅有3條黑褐色條紋，中間一條較短，不達后緣；后翅有2條黑褐色條紋。雄蛾體較小，前翅前緣中央有1個由黑色毛簇組成的眼狀紋，前足脛節(jié)末端膨大，其上生有褐色叢毛，停息時尾部翹起。雌蛾體較大，停息時尾部平直。

Thebodylengthis7–9mm,thewingspanis12–18mm,anditislightyellowish-brown.Theoutermarginsoftheforewingsandhindwingshavedarkbrownbroadedges.Theforewingshave3black-brownstripes,andthemiddleoneisshort,notreachingthetrailingedge,andthehindwingshave2black-brownstripes.Themalemothissmall.Thereisaneye-shapedstripecomposedofblackhairclustersinthecenteroftheleadingedgeoftheforewing.Theendofthetibiaoftheforelegisenlarged,withbrowntuftsonit.Thetailistiltedatrest.Thefemalemothislargeandhasastraighttailatrest.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder

2、卵

Egg

長約1mm，寬約0.5mm，近橢圓形，扁平而中央稍隆起。初產(chǎn)時乳白色，后漸變?yōu)榈S色至黃色，孵化前淡黃褐色，可見一黑點。

Itisabout1mmlongand0.5mmwide,nearlyelliptical,flatandslightlyraisedinthecenter.Itismilkywhiteatbirth,thengraduallyturnslightyellowtoyellow,andlightyellowish-brownbeforehatching,withablackspotvisible.

3、幼蟲

Larva

末齡幼蟲體長14～19mm，通常5齡，少數(shù)6齡。體黃綠色或綠色，老熟時為桔紅色。前胸背板上有兩黑褐色斑紋。中、后胸背面有8個毛片，分二排，前排6個，后排2個。腹部背面有毛片6個，前排4個，后排2個。

Thelastinstarlarvaeare14-19mmlong,usually5thinstar,andafew6thinstar.Thebodyisyellowish-greenorgreen,andorangewhenmature.Therearetwoblack-brownstripesonthebackofthechest.Thereare8hairsonthebackofthemiddleandhindchest,whicharedividedintotworows,6inthefrontrowand2inthebackrow.Thereare6hairsonthebackoftheabdomen,4inthefrontrowand2inthebackrow.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder

4、蛹

Pupa

體長7～10mm，長圓筒形，末端較尖削，具臀刺8根。初蛹時體色淡黃，后轉(zhuǎn)為紅棕色或褐色。Thebodylengthis7-10mm,longcylindrical,withsharpendsand8buttockthorns.Theinitialpupaislightyellowandthenturnsreddishbrownorbrown.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder（三）發(fā)生規(guī)律

OccurrenceRegularity1、生活史及習(xí)性

Lifehistoryandhabits

稻縱卷葉螟是一種遷飛性害蟲。在我國一年發(fā)生1～11代，在重慶一年發(fā)生5～6代并有零星蛹越冬。在我國東半部，該蟲在每年春、夏季可自南向北發(fā)生5次遷飛，秋季自北向南回遷3次。Riceleaffolderisamigratorypest.InChina,1~11generationsoccurinayear,and5~6generationsoccurinayearinChongqing,withsporadicpupaeoverwintering.IntheeasternhalfofChina,theinsectcanmigrate5timesfromsouthtonorthinspringandsummerand3timesfromnorthtosouthinautumn.成蟲晝伏夜出，白天多停息在稻田或周圍其他作物、草叢中，遇驚擾即飛起，但不飛遠。有趨光性，對白熾光趨性較強。喜產(chǎn)卵于生長嫩綠、葉寬軟披的稻株上。卵多產(chǎn)于中上部葉片的中脈附近，也有少量散產(chǎn)在葉鞘上；一般單粒散產(chǎn)，少數(shù)2～5粒聯(lián)在一起，每雌一般可產(chǎn)卵40～50粒，最多可達170粒。Imagoescomeoutatnightinthedaytimeandmostlyrestinpaddyfieldsorothercropsandgrassesaroundduringtheday.Theyflyupwhendisturbedbutnotfaraway.Theyhavephototaxisandstrongphototaxistoincandescent.Theyliketolayeggsonriceplantswithgreen,wideandsoftleaves.Theeggsaremostlylaidnearthemidveinofthemiddleandupperleaves,andasmallnumberofeggsarescatteredontheleafsheath.Generally,singleeggsarelaid,withafew2–5eggslinkedtogether.

Eachfemalecangenerallylay40–50eggs,upto170eggs.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder蟻螟大多鉆入心葉或卷葉中啃食葉肉，被害處出現(xiàn)針尖大小的半透明小白點，很少結(jié)苞。2齡開始吐絲綴卷葉尖或近葉尖的葉緣，形成小蟲苞，藏在其中嚙食稻葉上表皮和葉肉，致使受害部位僅留下表皮，形成長短不一的條狀白斑。進入3齡后，蟲苞增長，并開始轉(zhuǎn)苞為害，食量增加明顯。4齡后轉(zhuǎn)苞頻繁，食量猛增，蟲苞大，為害重。幼蟲活潑，剝開蟲苞時其迅速向后退縮或翻落地面。化蛹部位，分蘗期多在稻叢基部黃葉和無效分蘗上，抽穗后則多在葉鞘內(nèi)側(cè)，有的還在稻叢基部的植株間或舊蟲苞內(nèi)化蛹。Theantborermostlyboresintotheinnerleavesorcurledleavestoeatmesophyll.Translucentsmallwhitedotswiththesizeofneedletipsappearattheaffectedparts,withfewbuds.The2ndinstarbeginstospinthreadstoembellishtheleaftiportheleafmarginneartheleaftip,formingsmallbracts,whichhideinthebractsandrodentontheepidermisandmesophyllofriceleaves,leavingonlytheepidermisattheaffectedparts,formingstrip-shapedwhitespotsofdifferentlengths.Afterthe3rdinstar,thebractsgrowandbegintoturnintobractsfordamage,andtheappetiteincreasessignificantly.Afterthe4thinstar,theyturnintobractsfrequently,withasharpincreaseinappetiteandlargebracts,causingseriousdamage.Thelarvaeareactiveandquicklyretreatorfalloffthegroundwhenpeelingthebracts.Inthetilleringstage,pupariationmostlyoccursontheyellowleavesandineffectivetillersatthebaseofthericecluster.Afterheading,itismostlyontheinnersideoftheleafsheath,andsomepupatebetweenplantsatthebaseofthericeclusterorintheoldbracts.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder2、發(fā)生條件

OccurrenceConditions（1）氣象因素

喜適溫暖高濕，溫度22～28℃、相對濕度80％以上最有利于發(fā)生。

(1)Meteorologicalfactors:Itpreferswarmandhighhumidity,withatemperatureof22–28°Candrelativehumidityofmorethan80%,whichismostconducivetooccurrence.

（2）品種及栽培管理

不同水稻品種間，一般葉色深綠、寬軟的比葉色淺淡、質(zhì)地硬的受害重，矮桿品種比高桿品種，晚粳比晚秈，雜交稻比常規(guī)稻發(fā)生重。

同一品種，幼蟲取食分蘗至抽穗期的成活率高，有利發(fā)育。

(2)Varietiesandcultivationmanagement:Generally,darkgreen,wideandsoftleavesaregenerallymorevulnerablethanlightandhardones.Low-stemvarietiesaremorevulnerablethanhigh-stemvarieties,latejaponicavarietiesaremorevulnerablethanlateindicavarieties,andhybridriceismorevulnerablethanconventionalrice.Forthesamevariety,thesurvivalrateoflarvaefromtilleringtoheadingishigh,whichisconducivetodevelopment.

在栽培方措施面，偏施氮肥或田間長期積水，造成禾苗徒長和披葉，同時植株含氮量高，易誘蛾產(chǎn)卵，并有利幼蟲結(jié)苞為害，也是為害加重。

Intermsofcultivationmeasures,excessiveapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerorlong-termwateraccumulationinthefieldwillcauseexcessivegrowthofseedlingsanddroopingleaves.Atthesametime,theplanthasahighnitrogencontent,whichwillinducemothstolayeggs,helpthelarvaetoformbracts,andincreasethedamage.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder2、發(fā)生條件

OccurrenceConditions（3）天敵

Naturalenemies

稻縱卷葉螟的天敵有80多種，各蟲期都有天敵寄生或捕食。卵期寄生性天敵有擬澳洲赤眼蜂、稻螟赤眼蜂和松毛蟲赤眼蜂；幼蟲期有稻縱卷葉螟絨繭蜂、螟鈴絨繭蜂、扁股小蜂等；蛹期有姬蜂、廣大腿蜂。捕食性天敵有青蛙、蜻蜓、豆娘、蜘蛛、隱翅蟲、步甲等。Therearemorethan80naturalenemiesofriceleaffolder,whichparasitizeorpreyateachinsectstage.TheparasiticnaturalenemiesintheeggstageincludeTrichogrammaconfusum,TrichogrammajaponicumandTrichogrammadendrolimi;inthelarvalstage,therearericeleaffolderparasitoid,ricebollwormparasitoid,andflattedwasp;inthepupalstage,thereareIchneumonandBrachymerialasusWalker.Predatorynaturalenemiesincludefrogs,dragonflies,damselflies,spiders,staphylinids,andbeetles.三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder擬澳洲赤眼蜂三稻縱卷葉螟綠色防控

III.GreenPreventionandControlofRiceLeafFolder（四）防治方法

ControlMethods1、農(nóng)業(yè)防治

選用抗（耐）蟲水稻品種，合理施肥，使水稻生長發(fā)育健壯，防止前期猛發(fā)旺長，后期貪青遲熟?？茖W(xué)管水，適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)擱田時間，降低幼蟲孵化期田間濕度，或在化蛹高峰期灌深水2～3d，殺死蟲蛹。1.Agriculturalcontrol.Selectinsect-resistantricevarietiesandapplyfertilizerreasonablytomakethericegrowrobustlyandpreventitfromrapidgrowthintheearlystageandslowripeninginthelaterstage.Scientificallymanagewater,properlyadjustthetimeoffielddraining,reducethefieldhumidityduringthelarvaincubationperiod,orirrigatedeepwaterfor2–3daysatthepeakofpupationtokillthepupae.2、生物防治

保護利用天敵，在其產(chǎn)卵盛期，分期分批釋放赤眼蜂，每次每畝釋放40000～50000頭，連放3次。也可用殺螟桿菌或青蟲菌等生物農(nóng)藥于孵化后噴霧。2.Biologicalcontrol.Protectandutilizenaturalenemies.Inthepeakperiodofspawning,releaseTrichogrammainstagesandbatches,40,000–50,000permueachtime,threetimesinarow.Biologicalpesticidessuchasbacillusferocidalisorinsecticidalbacteriacanalsobesp