備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)愛尚閱讀技巧篇專題16細(xì)節(jié)理解題解答技巧含解析

專題16細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題解答技巧細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一詳細(xì)事實(shí)和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是依據(jù)文章中的詳細(xì)信息如事實(shí)、例證、緣由、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中干脆找到答案，有些則須要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計(jì)算、排序、是非推斷、圖形比較等。常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年這種題型較少；3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；4.以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識(shí)圖等提問。做細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏確定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培育自己快速獲得信息的實(shí)力。解答此類試題時(shí)，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常常可實(shí)行“帶著問題找答案”的方法．先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語(yǔ)。然后以此為線索。要快速地分辨和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中找尋與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句．細(xì)致品嘗，比照比較．確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用解除法．將“無此細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)解除。了解細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般狀況下，干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：（1）是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；（2）符合常識(shí)，但不是文章內(nèi)容；（3）與原文的內(nèi)容極其相像，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。有的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題只要干脆分辨不要求讀者對(duì)客觀的事實(shí)作出說明或推斷，只要求從閱讀材料中干脆獲得信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，在必要的時(shí)候（做推斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候）能夠精確而快速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，干脆得出答案，但要留意往往答案與原文中的語(yǔ)句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語(yǔ)或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題就須要通過有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲得信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的推斷．此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。值得一提的是，有時(shí)原文中的信息可能只是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，甚至一個(gè)單詞，因此須要我們?cè)陂喿x中特殊細(xì)致才能捕獲到真正有用的信息。1.描寫類細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題描寫類細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題，常?？疾榭忌鷮?duì)文中有關(guān)人物動(dòng)作、思想感情、心理活動(dòng)、觀點(diǎn)，或事務(wù)的起因、發(fā)展、過程、結(jié)果等方面的理解。這類描寫信息往往較干脆，一般不太須要考生對(duì)它們進(jìn)行較深化的理解，對(duì)于該類題，考生一般都可以較干脆地從原文中找到與題目對(duì)應(yīng)的有關(guān)信息。（2024·海南高考真題）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃動(dòng)）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飛機(jī)）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B.ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC.ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.2.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C.NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Failurecanleadtoprogress. B.SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC.Failureshouldbeavoided. D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.4.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport B.Ashortstory.C.Abookreview D.Aresearcharticle.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】這是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。主要講解并描述了對(duì)彼得羅斯基博士的書《寬恕設(shè)計(jì)：理解失敗》的評(píng)論，工程設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟承┚売蓭硎。〔拍軒磉M(jìn)步。1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金門大橋?qū)嵭辛艘粋€(gè)50歲生日聚會(huì)。這座橋禁止機(jī)動(dòng)車通行，人們可以在橋上漫步。組織者預(yù)料將有5萬人到場(chǎng)。相反，多達(dá)80萬人擠滿了通往大橋的道路。當(dāng)25萬人在橋上時(shí)，工程師們留意到了一個(gè)可怕的現(xiàn)象：路面在被要求承載的最重荷載作用下變得平了。更糟的是，它起先晃動(dòng)。因此可以看出，金門大橋50歲生日那天，它的重量超過了它的承受實(shí)力。故選A。2.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可知，雖然他承認(rèn)工程設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟切┫氤龌蛟O(shè)計(jì)它們的人只是把事情弄錯(cuò)了失敗，但在這本書中，彼得羅斯基博士拓寬了他的視野，考慮了這種失敗發(fā)生的更大背景。有時(shí)，由于一個(gè)好的設(shè)計(jì)是用不合格的低質(zhì)量材料建立的，所以裝置會(huì)失敗?；蛘?，一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采納，用好像是無害的改進(jìn)，直到突然間，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推想出，依據(jù)第三段，不是全部的災(zāi)難都是由工程設(shè)計(jì)引起的是彼得羅斯基博士的想法。故選C。3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。因此可以看出，A項(xiàng)與此相呼應(yīng)，即失敗能帶來進(jìn)步，故選A。4.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章其次段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，這個(gè)故事是《寬恕設(shè)計(jì)：理解失敗》一書中的一個(gè)，這本書既是對(duì)工程的一封情書，也是對(duì)其崩潰的贊歌。并且后面兩段都在寫這本書里的內(nèi)容以及評(píng)價(jià)，再依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，讀者不僅會(huì)遇到他們以前聽過的故事，還會(huì)遇到一些新的故事和關(guān)于工程師對(duì)公眾的責(zé)任以及如何幫助年輕工程師駕馭它們的動(dòng)人探討。再結(jié)合最終一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。因此可以推想出，這些內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于這本書的評(píng)論，因?yàn)檫@篇文章是書評(píng)，故選C。2.信息找尋題、廣告閱讀題信息找尋題一般在應(yīng)用文體中較常見，體現(xiàn)于查字典、閱讀廣告、公告、演出海報(bào)、車船航班時(shí)辰表等之中。這類閱讀材料包含的某一方面的信息特別全面，能滿意各種人對(duì)信息的需求，但在高考試題中，常常是就某一方面提問，考生完全沒有必要從頭到尾細(xì)致閱讀，因?yàn)椴牧现杏泻芏嗳哂酂o效信息。做此類題時(shí)，宜采納“題干定全法”。即：先閱讀題干，然后依據(jù)問題要求，有針對(duì)性地閱讀相關(guān)部分快速找尋有效信息。廣告是閱讀理解題常考的一種題材。廣告屬應(yīng)用文體。嚴(yán)格來說廣告屬快速找尋信息題。但是廣告有著其他快速找尋信息題不同的特點(diǎn)。廣告文體簡(jiǎn)潔明快，省略了大量的詞語(yǔ)，達(dá)到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同時(shí)具有語(yǔ)言精練，形象性、鼓動(dòng)性強(qiáng)的良好效果。廣告閱讀題多為細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，關(guān)鍵在于正確理解廣告內(nèi)容。考生必需具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用實(shí)力，熟識(shí)文化背景，利用各種手段（如：補(bǔ)全、聯(lián)想、推想等）正確解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。通常運(yùn)用“補(bǔ)全成分法”和“聯(lián)想推想法”兩種方法來解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。做題方法同樣采納“題干定向法”。（1）補(bǔ)全成分法省略名在廣告體閱讀材料中大量出現(xiàn)，可以說廣告閱讀理解材料中大多數(shù)句子都是省略句。我們應(yīng)結(jié)合全文語(yǔ)境及邏輯關(guān)系將省略句補(bǔ)全，從而更加精確地理解。如：Driverwanted.依據(jù)文義，可將該句補(bǔ)充為：Adriverwillbewanted.(聘請(qǐng)一名司機(jī))。（2）聯(lián)想推想法在些廣告時(shí)間、日期、地點(diǎn)、電話、票價(jià)等用了縮略詞，甚至一概沒有提及，這就須要考生前后連貫，充分想象，整體理解。搜尋已知信息，推斷語(yǔ)篇意義。（2024·海南高考真題）PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.BroadcastingCampBecomethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.SecretAgentCampInthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolestjobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeofrealsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.CulinaryCampIfyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.StreetArtCampThiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorfulideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwithnon-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmuralwhichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.5.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.6.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?A.Createawebsite. B.Runanewsstation.C.Meetastarreporter. D.Holdadinnerparty.7.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?A.BroadcastingCamp. B.SecretAgentCamp.C.CulinaryCamp D.StreetArtCamp.【答案】5.C6.B7.C【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)不同類型的夏令營(yíng)的狀況。5.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知從廣播到街頭藝術(shù)，這只是17個(gè)特別獨(dú)特的營(yíng)地中的4個(gè)。由此可知，今年夏天巴利島有17個(gè)露營(yíng)地。故選C。6.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.”可知在經(jīng)營(yíng)好我們自己的新聞電臺(tái)的方方面面的同時(shí)，孩子們和他們的營(yíng)員們將在每天晚上的晚餐時(shí)，為整個(gè)夏令營(yíng)創(chuàng)作并主持播出一個(gè)廣播。由此可知，營(yíng)員在廣播營(yíng)會(huì)經(jīng)營(yíng)一家新聞電臺(tái)。故選B。7.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.”可知假如你的孩子喜愛呆在廚房里，那么烹飪夏令營(yíng)確定是最合適的選擇。露營(yíng)者學(xué)習(xí)烘焙、油炸和切菜的技術(shù)技能，以及一些他們可以帶回家和家人共享的食譜。由此可知，CulinaryCamp會(huì)吸引對(duì)烹飪感愛好的孩子。故選C。3.數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算題此類試題一般要求考生能依據(jù)閱讀材料中給出的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，找出計(jì)算關(guān)系，通過計(jì)算，得出正確的結(jié)論。這類計(jì)算一般來說比較簡(jiǎn)潔，關(guān)鍵是要弄清各數(shù)據(jù)間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準(zhǔn)比較的數(shù)據(jù)，弄清單位換算關(guān)系，確定計(jì)算方法，問題便迎刃而解了。對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)較多、項(xiàng)目困難用時(shí)間或空間跨度較大的短文，通?？刹杉{“列表法”，即按確定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門別類地列出，化模糊為清楚，為計(jì)算打下基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)于相對(duì)不太困難的數(shù)據(jù)，可采納“推算法”，即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)潔的運(yùn)算就可得出?！瑼tpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800 B.About3,400C.About2,400 D.About1,200【答案】B【解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語(yǔ)言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400.故選B。4.圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題此類試題要求依據(jù)短文中的描寫找出相應(yīng)的圖形，或依據(jù)圖形選出相應(yīng)的文字?？刹杉{“文字鎖定法”，即找出描述圖形的句段，按“文”鎖“圖”，快速鎖定相關(guān)圖形，或用“圖形標(biāo)示法”，在圖形中標(biāo)出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，以便做題。（2015，四川卷）50.Thecardaboveis_________A.aticket B.apostcardC.aninvitation D.anadvertisement51.Thepartyisfor_________A.abirthdayB.theQueenC.beewatchingD.theNationalDay52.Accordingtothecard,ifyouareunabletogo,youcan.A.returnthecardB.visittheMuseumC.ignorethemessageD.contactAlice'smother【答案】50.C51.A52.D【解析】這是一張邀請(qǐng)函，是為了慶祝Alice的兩歲生日。50.C主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章的wearethrowingaparty以及comebugwithus.可知，這是一張邀請(qǐng)函，故選擇C。51.A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章中的Aliceisturning2，可知，是為了慶祝生日的，故選擇A。52.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章中的regretstotheQueenBeeat601-555-4111可知假如不能來，請(qǐng)打電話給媽媽，故選擇D。5.代詞指代題解題技能代詞指代題要求考生確定的上下文推想代詞的指代意義。此類題一般是在人物或事物關(guān)系比較困難的狀況下運(yùn)用的一種題型，所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在。（2024·新課標(biāo)卷III））OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSlidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.＂Hey,aren’tyoufromMississippi?＂theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.＂I’mfromMississippitoo.＂Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.＂TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,＂Weltysaid.＂Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.＂TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(團(tuán)聚).＂Myfriendssaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’＂Weltyadded.＂AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’＂Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.＂Idon’tmakethemup,＂shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.＂Idon’thaveto.＂Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty’speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment(片段)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.26.Theunderlinedword＂them＂inParagraph6referstoWelty’s_______.A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories【文章大意】文章介紹了一位女作家請(qǐng)紐約的摯友吃飯時(shí)發(fā)生的故事。Welty是一位年紀(jì)比較大的作家，她來自密西西比。Welty的作品都是來自于現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活。26.D【解析】畫線的them指代前面提到的人或物，依據(jù)＂Nowwebelieveyourstories＂可知，them指代的是Welty寫的小說里面的故事，聽了Welty和兩個(gè)生疏人的有關(guān)密西西比的談話之后，Welty的摯友信任了Welty小說里的故事都是來源于生活，故選D。I.閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。1RECOMMENDATIONBlueperiodBluePeriodfocusesonstudentstryingtopassentranceexamsforartschools.Thestorycentersaroundasecond-yearseniorhighschoolstudentwithapassionfordrawingwhoaspirestostudyattheTokyoUniversityoftheArts.Yamaguchiprovidesrealisticportrayalsofartschoolexams,whicharedifferentfromthetestsofregularcolleges.Ithaswonthe2024CartoonGrandPrize,anannualawardjudgedbybookstoreemployeesandothermangaenthusiasts.BeastarsBeastarsisamangaserieswrittenandillustratedbyParuItagaki.Thisserieswasthewinnerofthe2024TaishoMangaPrize.Thestorytakesplaceinaworldofmodern,civilized,anthropomorphicanimalswithaculturaldividebetweenthecarnivoresandherbivores.Theseriestakesitsnamefromthein-universerankofBeastar,anindividualofgreattalent,service,andnotoriety.Spy×FamilySpy×FamilyisaJapanesemangaserieswrittenandillustratedbyTatsuyaEndo.Thestoryfollowsaspywhohasto“buildafamily”inordertoexecuteamission,notrealizingthatthegirlheadoptsasadaughterandthewomanheagreestobeinafakemarriagewithareamindreaderandanassassinrespectively.NodameCantabileIt’sthewinnerofthe2004KodanshaMangaPrize.Thesonofafamouspianist,musicstudentShinichiChiakidreamsofstudyingabroadandbecomingaconductorlikehismentor.Unfortunately,hisfearofflyinggroundshisloftyplans!Ashewatchesotherclassmatesachievewhathehasalwayswanted,Shinichiwondersifheshouldquitmusicaltogether.ThenonedayhemeetsfellowstudentMegumiNoda,alsoknownasNodame.Thisoddballgirlcannotcook,clean,orevenreadamusicscore,butshecanplaythepianoinincomparableCantabilestyle.AndsheteachesChiakisomethingthathehasforgotten:toenjoyhismusic,nomatterwhereheis.1.Ifyouwanttogotoanartcollegetolearnpainting,youmaychoose.A.Blueperiod B.BeastarsC.Spy×Family D.NodameCantabile2.Whichofthefollowingisnotawardedaprize?A.Blueperiod B.BeastarsC.Spy×Family D.NodameCantabile3.Ifyouwanttoexperiencehappinessfromawholefamily,youmaychoose.A.Blueperiod B.BeastarsC.Spy×Family D.NodameCantabile【答案】1.A2.C3.C【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要舉薦了四本漫畫作品，介紹了其故事內(nèi)容和所獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)等信息。1.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Thestorycentersaroundasecond-yearseniorhighschoolstudentwithapassionfordrawingwhoaspirestostudyattheTokyoUniversityoftheArts.(故事圍繞一名酷愛繪畫的高二學(xué)生綻開，他渴望進(jìn)入東京藝術(shù)高校學(xué)習(xí))”可知，假如你想去藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)繪畫，你可以選擇Blueperiod。故選A。2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Ithaswonthe2024CartoonGrandPrize(榮獲2024年卡通大獎(jiǎng))”；其次段中“Thisserieswasthewinnerofthe2024TaishoMangaPrize.(這部漫畫獲得了2024年大正漫畫獎(jiǎng))”；以及最終一段中“It’sthewinnerofthe2004KodanshaMangaPrize.(這是2004年講談社漫畫獎(jiǎng)的得主)”可知，Spy×Family沒有獲獎(jiǎng)。故選C。3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“Thestoryfollowsaspywhohasto‘buildafamily’inordertoexecuteamission,notrealizingthatthegirlheadoptsasadaughterandthewomanheagreestobeinafakemarriagewithareamindreaderandanassassinrespectively.(故事講解并描述的是一個(gè)間諜為了完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，不得不‘組建家庭’，卻不知道自己收養(yǎng)的女兒和假結(jié)婚的女人分別是讀心術(shù)者和殺手)”可知，假如你想體驗(yàn)一個(gè)大家庭的華蜜，你可以選擇Spy×Family。故選C。2“Allpuppiesarecute,”explainsCliveWynne,theheadofArizonaStateUniversity’scanine-sciencelaboratory.“Butnotallpuppiesareequallycute."Indeed,recentresearchindicatesthatpeakpuppycutenessservesimportantpurposesandmightplayanimportantroleinbindingdogandownertogether.Inastudy，Wynneandhiscolleaguessoughttopindown,scientifically,thetimelineofpuppycuteness.Theirfindingwas:Peopleconsistentlyconsidereddogsmostattractivewhentheyweresixtoeightweeksold.Thisage,Wynnesays,isanimportantdevelopmentalperiod:Motherdogsstopnursingtheiryoungaroundtheeighthweek,afterwhichpuppiesrelyonhumansforsurvival.Peakcuteness,then,isnoaccident.Humansseemtobeespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)tocutethings.Researchdatingbacktothe1940sshowsthatalmostanycreaturewithbabylikefeatures—largeeyes,abulgingforehead,shortlimbs—isabletodrawourliking.Butpuppycutenessisuniquelyhuman-directed.Otherresearchmakesclearjustwhydogsseektocommandourattention.Oxytocin,theso-calledlovehormone,hasbeenfoundtosuddenlyincreaseindogsandtheirownersaftertheylookineachother’seyes.Inotherwords,themoredogsgetustolookatthem,themoretightlybonded(聯(lián)系)tothemwegrow.Bornblindandbasicallydeaf,puppiesaren’tinteractive(互動(dòng)的)intheirfirstweeksoflife,andWynnenotesthatmanypeoplefindanimalsinthisstagealienandunattractive.Arecentstudyfocusedonhumansshowedthat,similartosix-week-oldpuppies,six-month-oldbabiesareseenassignificantlycuterthannewborns,whichinspiresafloodofsocialinteractions,suchaspetting,playing,andbaby-talking.Theseactsaredevelopmentallyfundamentaltobothbabiesandpuppies.4.FromWynne’sresearchwecanlearnthatcutenessissomething____.A.puppiesarebornwith B.thathelpspuppiessurviveC.thatincreasessteadilyaspuppiesgrow D.thathelpspuppiestodefendagainstdanger5.Whatcan-welearnaboutOxytocinfromthepassage?A.Oxytocinisahormonethatwillinspirelove.B.Oxytocinisahormonethatonlyexistsindogs.C.Oxytocincanbeincreasedbyconstanttouch.D.Oxytocinwillincreasegreatlywhendogsstareatus.6.Theunderlinedword"alien"inParagraph4probablymeans____.A.unique B.lovely C.strange D.dangerous7.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Fromuglytocute B.Man’sbestfriendC.Survivalofthecutest D.Loveliestanimals:puppies【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.C【分析】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章講解并描述了狗狗的可愛度與人類之間的聯(lián)系，并依據(jù)對(duì)于可愛度的探討，引發(fā)的對(duì)于人類與新生兒之間互動(dòng)性的思索。4.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Thisage,Wynnesays,isanimportantdevelopmentalperiod:Motherdogsstopnursingtheiryoungaroundtheeighthweek,afterwhichpuppiesrelyonhumansforsurvival.Peakcuteness,then,isnoaccident.”（Wynne說，這個(gè)年齡是一個(gè)重要的發(fā)育時(shí)期:狗媽媽在第8周左右停止喂養(yǎng)它們的幼犬，之后幼犬依靠人類生存。因此，萌到極點(diǎn)并非偶然。）可知從Wynne的探討中，我們可以了解到“可愛”有助于小狗生存。故選B。5.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Oxytocin,theso-calledlovehormone,hasbeenfoundtosuddenlyincreaseindogsandtheirownersaftertheylookineachother’seyes.”（催產(chǎn)素，也就是所謂的愛情荷爾蒙，被發(fā)覺在狗狗和主子對(duì)視后會(huì)突然增加）可知我們能從文章中了解到催產(chǎn)素是一種能激發(fā)愛的荷爾蒙。故選A。6.詞句揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)最終一段“Bornblindandbasicallydeaf,puppiesaren’tinteractive(互動(dòng)的)intheirfirstweeksoflife,andWynnenotesthatmanypeoplefindanimalsinthisstagealienandunattractive.”可知狗狗剛生下來時(shí)沒有視覺和聽覺功能，不與人互動(dòng)，所以在這個(gè)階段一般是生疏并且不吸引人的。此處的alien應(yīng)當(dāng)是“生疏的”意思，與strange意思相符。故選C。7.主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段“Indeed,recentresearchindicatesthatpeakpuppycutenessservesimportantpurposesandmightplayanimportantroleinbindingdogandownertogether.”（事實(shí)上，最近的探討表明，小狗的可愛程度達(dá)到頂峰是有重要作用的，而且可能在把狗狗和主子聯(lián)系在一起方面發(fā)揮重要作用）結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知本文由狗及人，最終一段提到了依據(jù)狗狗可愛度的探討，引發(fā)了對(duì)于與新生兒互動(dòng)的思索。因此，“最可愛的生存”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選C。3Ididn’tunderstandtheironyimmediately.Onlyonthewayhome.ThebookIhadjustreturnedtoourlibrarywascalled“UnquietLandscape,”byChritopherNeve.Hewidenedmyview.Buttheironicwordformeinhisbook’stitle,Irealized,was“unquiet”.Itappliednottothelandscapebuttoourlocallibrary.Ihavevisiteditagainsincethen,andmyconclusionismuchthesame:Thereisnolongeraquietplace.Onbothofmyvisitsthelibrarywaspackedwithsmallchildren,andtheyweredoingratheralotofsmall-childrenthings,suchasdancingincircles,singing,jumpingupanddown,andsoon.Variousadultssittingaroundwereclearlynotdiscouragingthem,rathertheopposite.Iwasn’texactlyshocked.ButIhavetosaythatmyunderstandingoflibrarybehaviorandpurposechangedsomewhat.Allmyupbringingaboutlibrarieswasthattheyweresanctums,placesofescapeinanoisyworld.Ifonesomuchasclearedone’sthroatinalibrary,onewaslikelytobestaredatbythelibrarians—nottomentiontoleratingthedisapprovaloffellowlibraryusersenjoyingtheirpost-lunchnap.ThefirstschoolIattendedhadalibrarythatwasentirelytraditionalinfunction.Init,weboysdid(orwereexpectedtodo)onethingonly:read.ThesecondschoolIattendedallowedonetowriteaswellasreadinthelibrary.Sincethosedays,myattitude,Ihope,haschangedalittle.I’vecomeacrosssomeverypleasantlibrarianseagertohelpwithmyprojects.Someofthemaresurprisinglygenerouswithprovidingaccesstotheirbooks,whichareasdeartothemastheirownchildren.Andthesilencerulehas,overtheyears,becomemuchlessstrict.Evenquiteloudlaughter,Ifind,isnotalwaysfrownedupon.8.Whatdidtheauthordoafterfinishingthebook?A.Hevisitedthelandsmentionedinthebook.B.Heexpressedhisadmirationtothebookwinter.C.Hekepthishabitofstayingquietinthelibrary.D.Hemadeacloseobservationofthelocallibrary.9.Whatdidtheauthorfindoutabouttheadultsinthelibrary?A.Theymadelotsofnoise. B.Theyweresoftwiththekids.C.Theydidn’tlistentothelibrarians. D.Theycouldn’tstoptheirkidsbadbehavior.10.Whatchangeaboutthelibrarieshastheauthorexperiencedinhisschooldays?A.Thelibrariesweremoretraditionalinfunction. B.Thelibrarieswereexpandingveryfast.C.Thelibrariesweremoretolerantofnoise. D.Thelibrariesweregettingbetter-equipped.【答案】8.D9.B10.C【分析】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了作者在讀了克里斯托弗寫的《不再寧?kù)o的風(fēng)景》這本書后，進(jìn)一步去探究當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館，作者發(fā)覺不受傳統(tǒng)規(guī)則束縛的圖書館給自己帶來更好的體驗(yàn)。8.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Buttheironicwordformeinhisbook’stitle,Irealized,was“unquiet”.Itappliednottothelandscapebuttoourlocallibrary.Ihavevisiteditagainsincethen,andmyconclusionismuchthesame:Thereisnolongeraquietplace.(但我意識(shí)到，在他的書名中，對(duì)我來說具有諷刺意味的詞是“擔(dān)心”。它并不適用于風(fēng)景，而是適用于我們當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館。從那以后，我又去了那里，我的結(jié)論大致相同：這里不再是一個(gè)寧?kù)o的地方)”可知，作者在讀完書后對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貓D書館進(jìn)一步去了解。故選D。9.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Onbothofmyvisitsthelibrarywaspackedwithsmallchildren,andtheyweredoingratheralotofsmall-childrenthings,suchasdancingincircles,singing,jumpingupanddown,andsoon.Variousadultssittingaroundwereclearlynotdiscouragingthem,rathertheopposite.(我兩次去圖書館的時(shí)候，圖書館里都擠滿了小孩子，他們做了相當(dāng)多的小孩子的事情，比如跳圈圈、唱歌、上躥下跳等等。坐在四周的大人們明顯并沒有勸阻他們，反而縱容他們)”可知，在圖書館孩子們唱跳，上下蹦，大人們坐在旁邊并沒有進(jìn)行制止，說明大人們對(duì)孩子很溫順。故選B。10.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Andthesilencerulehas,overtheyears,becomemuchlessstrict.Evenquiteloudlaughter,Ifind,isnotalwaysfrownedupon.(多年來，必需保持寧?kù)o的規(guī)則已經(jīng)變得不那么嚴(yán)格了。我發(fā)覺，即使是很大聲的笑聲，也并不總是遭到人反對(duì)了)”可知，圖書館變得更能容忍噪音。故選C。4Whetheryou’reacomicfanornot,you’reboundtohaveseenpostersorsocialmediapostsaboutMarvel’snewestblockbuster(大片),BlackPanther.BlackPantherwasfirstcreatedin1966byStanLeeandJackKirbyandwastransformedintoafilmthisyear.ThestoryfollowsT’Challa,amanlivinginafictionalAfricannationnamedWakanda.BlackPantheristhefirstnon-whitesuperherotohavehisownfilm,makingthisamilestonemovie.ButwhatmakesthisfilmdifferentfromalltheotherMarvelfilms?Takealookatthecastlistandyou’llfindthatthemajorityareblackactorsandactresses.Sure,blackpeoplehavebeeninmoviesbutlookattherolestheyplayandyou’llfindthattheyareoftencastasthecriminals,slavesorpoverty-strickenindividuals.Notthisone!Thefilmalsotakesastepforwardinrepresentation,asblackchildrencannowlookupandseethemselvesandtheirstoriesrepresentedinmediawheretheycouldn’tbefore.Fortoolong,alargeportionofourpopulationhasbeenunder-representedinmedia,thatgroupofpeoplebeingthosewhoarenotwhite.Soit’srefreshingandabouttimetohaveafilmwhichcelebratesAfricapositivelyandadequately!MichelleObama,theformerfirstladyphraseditbeautifullywhenshetweeted,“IlovedthismovieandIknowitwillinspirepeopleofallbackgroundstodigdeepandfindthecouragetobeheroesoftheirownstories.Thankyou,theentireBlackPantherteam!Becauseofyou,youngpeoplewillfinallyseesuperheroesthatlooklikethemonthebigscreen."Herposthasbeensharedmorethan140,000times.Thefilmhasbecomeahit.Ithasalreadybrokenrecords,havingearnedmorethat＄607millionintheUnitedStatesonlysinceitsreleaseinFebrury.Inthefollowingdays,observersexpectBlackPantherwillpassTheAvengersasthehighest-earningsuperherofilminhistory.11.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactsetsBlackPantherapartfromtheotherfilmsaboutblackpeople?A.Blackpeoplearecastasthecriminalsandslaves.B.Africa’slandscapesandculturesarefairlyshownoff.C.Blackpeoplebecomesuperheroesforthefirsttime.D.BlackpeoplehavestarredinthefilmBlackPanther.12.WhatdoweknowaboutMichelleObama’sattitudetothefilmBlackPanther?A.SheacknowledgestheentireBlackPantherteam.B.ShelovesthefilminthatitwasshotinAfrica.C.Herpostaboutthefilmreceivedlittlereaction.D.ShethinksthecomicbookBlackPantherbetterthanthefilm.13.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthereview?A.Theboxoffice. B.Thecast. C.Thespecialeffect. D.Thestoryline.【答案】11.C12.A13.C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章是一篇影評(píng)，文章主要介紹了電影《黑豹》的別出心裁之處以及其受歡迎的緣由。11.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的“BlackPantheristhefirstnon-white