決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-理念闡述類2 精講課件（強化篇）

(高中說明文)理念闡述2決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力；運用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟；學會使用“脫衣服”大法分析長難句；積累與理念闡述類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。真題講解示例22020全國卷III

DPART3123(2020全國卷IIID)題目見講義①

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”④

In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.摘要一般特殊型

說明文引言正文Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsagobutthepastfewthousandyears.Ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwaterlongerthanuslocalislanders.MelissaIlardowonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristics.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.5.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?6.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?7.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應(yīng)的題目。TheresearchersfoundtheBajauhadevolvedintobetterdivers.MindMap2020全國ⅢD說明對象分析說明對象實例Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsagobutthepastfewthousandyears.看法Dr.JubiladowasamazedthattheBajaucouldbetteradapttotheocean.1.TheBajaualsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.InadditiontothecenturiesofdivingleadingtotheevolutionoftheBajau,Dr.IlardothoughtothergenesmighthelptheBajaudive.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?2.TheBajaucouldstayunderwaterlongerthanlocalislanders.題目速覽Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.5WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?Invalleys. Nearrivers. Onthebeach. Offthecoast.67WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaHighlanders’SurvivalSkillsBasicMethodsofGeneticResearchTheWorld’sBestDivers 8推理判斷題細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題主旨大意題拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題5STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞題干定位說明對象STEP2：定位信息段Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin. D.Significanceoffoodselection.Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsagobutthepastfewthousandyears.①Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

examplesofhumanevolution技巧點撥：同詞、同義復現(xiàn)答案指向句分析參考譯文theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutionAsscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes時間狀語時間狀語從句1injustthepastfewthousandyears2233當科學家深入研究我們的基因時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類在過去幾千年里進化的例子。1.尋找解鎖鑰匙---主句謂語動詞2.找主干，去枝葉Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.1拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細節(jié)理解題6STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞題干定位

分析說明對象STEP2：定位信息段WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?Invalleys. B.Nearrivers. C.Onthebeach. D.Offthecoast.TheresearchersfoundtheBajauhadevolvedintobetterdivers.1.TheBajaualsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

技巧點撥：同詞復現(xiàn)incoastalwaters拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細節(jié)理解題7STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday. B.

Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.

Theycouldstaylongunderwater. D.

Theylivedonbothlandandwater.STEP2：定位信息段題干定位分析說明對象Dr.JubiladowasamazedthattheBajaucouldbetteradapttotheocean.2.TheBajaucouldstayunderwaterlongerthanlocalislanders.

③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

技巧點撥：同義、同詞復現(xiàn)stayunderwateramazedlonger拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意題8STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞STEP2：定位信息段Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea B.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.

BasicMethodsofGeneticResearch D.TheWorld’sBestDivers題干定位分析說明對象Dr.JubiladowasamazedthattheBajaucouldbetteradapttotheocean.2.TheBajaucouldstayunderwaterlongerthanlocalislanders.TheresearchersfoundtheBajauhadevolvedintobetterdivers.1.TheBajaualsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwatersInadditiontothecenturiesofdivingleadingtotheevolutionoftheBajau,Dr.IlardothoughtothergenesmighthelptheBajaudive.②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”④In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

技巧點撥：關(guān)注標題是否準確概括本文主旨回顧Q5Q6Q7Q8Tip1:

閱讀理解滿分還在于____________的理解。Tip2:

長難句分析可以采用_________________：①_________________________________________________________;②_________________________________________________________;③_________________________________________________________。Tip3:

善于比較_______________________________。

SUMMARY長難句脫衣服大法去枝葉留主干，去掉定語、狀語、同位語、插入語等找主干，括從句，弄懂主干漢語意思依次還原枝葉，得到完整句意文中長難句與選項的關(guān)系詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)①

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.examplesofhumanevolutionWhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers. B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin. D.Significanceoffoodselection.5詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)②OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?Invalleys. B.Nearrivers. C.Onthebeach. D.Offthecoast.6incoastalwaters詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)③Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”amazedWhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday. B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater. D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.7詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)②OnThu