統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection課時(shí)提能練含解析北師大版

PAGE課時(shí)提能練(四十三)選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·綿陽(yáng)市第一次診斷性考試)Wheatisamainsourceoffoodforpeopleacrosstheplanet，accountingforafifthofthecaloriesconsumedglobally.Butasaresultofclimatechange，scientistsbelievemostpartsoftheworldwherethecropisgrownwillbehitbywatershortagesbytheendofthecentury.AndtheU．S.couldbeamongthecountriesworstaffected，theauthorsoftheresearchpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvancestoldNewsweek.Ifclimatechangeisn'tdealtwith，bytheyear2100,60percentofareasthatgrowwheatwillbehitbywaterscarcity—upfromthecurrentlevelof15percent，accordingtotheinternationalteamofscientists.Co-authorsMiroslavTrnkaandSongFengtoldNewsweekthatintheirpreviousresearch，theyhadshownclimatechangemaycausesoiltobecomelessmoist(潮濕的)acrossmostmainlandU．S.states，includingthosewherewheatisgrown.Asaresult，theU．S.couldbe“oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers”intermsoftheincreaseinareasaffectedbyseveredroughts，theysaidinajointstatement.Worryingly，existingresearchhaspredicteda4.0to6.5percentdropinglobalwheatproductionper1degreeCelsiusofwarmingifclimatechangeisn'teased.Andit'sunlikelythatwheatcanbereplacedifwaterbecomesscarce，asit'snotasthirstyasothercropsandcandowithoutwaterforarelativelylongperiodoftime.“Ifmultipleregionsareaffectedbydroughtatthesametime，itmightbedifficulttomeetthedemandevenifthetraderoutesstayopenandarenotrestrictedbygovernmentalmeasures，”warnedFengandTrnka.However，theysaid，“Studiesshowthatifwecontinuouslyimprovethesustainabilityandtechnologiesinthecomingdecadesandallowforinternationaltrade，wemayovercomethenegativeimpactsofclimatechange.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】科學(xué)家認(rèn)為由于氣候變更，到本世紀(jì)末，世界上大部分種植小麥的地區(qū)將受到缺水的影響，而假如氣候變更得不到緩解，全球小麥的產(chǎn)量將會(huì)削減。1．Howwillclimatechangehurtwheatproduction?A．Byloweringthetemperature.B．Byreducingthewatersupply.C．Bypollutingthesoil.D．Byfloodingthefield.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句可知，由于氣候變更，小麥種植地將受到缺水的影響；又依據(jù)第四段可知，缺水會(huì)影響小麥產(chǎn)量，故選B。]2．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?A．WheatproductioncauseddroughtsinmostmainlandU．S.states.B．TheUnitedStatesisthebiggestwheatproducerintheworld.C．TheUnitedStateswillsufferalotfromclimatechange.D．ClimatechangeiscloselywatchedbyAmericanscientists.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“theU．S.couldbe‘oneofthetopmostaffectedwheatproducers’”可推知，美國(guó)將在氣候變更中受到很大影響，故選C。]3．Whyiswheatunlikelytobereplacedbyothercropsinadrought?A．Itistheprimaryfoodformostcountries.B．Itisnotinfluencedbyglobalwarming.C．Itiswidelygrowninmostcountries.D．Itneedslesswaterthanothercrops.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句可知，小麥不像其他作物那樣那么須要水，在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)沒(méi)有水也能生存，因此小麥不太可能被其他作物取代，故選D。]4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Health. B．Science.C．Education. D．Entertainment.B[推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，這是一篇有關(guān)氣候變更對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量影響的文章，由此可推知，本文可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版塊，故選B。]B(2024·“四省八校”其次次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestthisyearhavebeenahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsentheclimatechangecrisisandthreatenbiodiversity(生物多樣性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”．Itisalsohometoabout3millionspeciesofplantsandanimals，and1millionnativepeople.Thevastareasoftherainforestplayanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecausetheyabsorbheatinsteadofitbeingreflectedbackintotheatmosphere.Theyalsostorecarbondioxideandproduceoxygen，ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased，mitigatingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople，”ThomasLovejoy，anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Theoverwhelmingthreatisthatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”U.N.SecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodlastyear.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2024，upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2024，INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre，aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo，toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest，whosedegradation(惡化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined，buttheemergencyhastranscended(超出)Brazil'sborders，reachingPeruvian，ParaguayanandBolivianregions.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】科學(xué)家和環(huán)保組織擔(dān)憂席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災(zāi)將加劇氣候變更危機(jī)，威逼生物多樣性。今年，位于巴西的部分亞馬遜雨林火災(zāi)數(shù)量顯著增加。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Increasing. B．Relieving.C．Ignoring. D．Improving.B[詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段第三、四句可知，大片的熱帶雨林在世界生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著重要的角色，因?yàn)樗鼈兗橙崃浚皇菍崃糠瓷浠卮髿庵校淮送猓瑹釒в炅诌€儲(chǔ)存二氧化碳并制造氧氣，以確保更少的二氧化碳被釋放。由此可知，熱帶雨林能夠減輕氣候變更帶來(lái)的影響。故可推知畫線詞的含義與“relieving”的含義相近，故選B。]6．WhatcanwelearnfromThomas'sandAntónio'swords?A．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.B．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.C．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.D．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中Thomas所說(shuō)的話“Anyforestdestroyedisathreattobiodiversityandpeople”以及António所說(shuō)的話“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis，wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity”可知，Thomas認(rèn)為任何森林的破壞都是對(duì)生物多樣性和人們的威逼，António認(rèn)為在全球氣候危機(jī)的狀況下，我們擔(dān)當(dāng)不起氧氣和生物多樣性的主要來(lái)源(即亞馬遜雨林)被更多破壞的后果。由此可推知，兩人意在表明，雨林大火導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)峻的后果。故選B。]【干擾項(xiàng)分析】依據(jù)上述分析可知，兩人并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)生物多樣性成就了雨林的獨(dú)特性，故A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。7．WhydoestheauthorlistthenumbersinParagraph4?A．Toprovetheimportanceoftherainforest.B．Toshowthereasonforforestfires.C．Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.D．Topresentthereductioninrainforestareas.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句中的“thenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreased”和第三句中的“theforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percent”可推知，第四段列舉數(shù)字是為了說(shuō)明，亞馬遜雨林由于森林火災(zāi)的影響，其面積削減了一些。故選D。]8．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theclimatechangecrisisisworsening.B．Theforestareasareonthedecline.C．“Thelungsoftheworld”isburning.D．Theworld'secosystemisunderattack.C[主旨大意題。文章第一段為文章的總述部分，表明本年席卷亞馬遜雨林的火災(zāi)將加劇氣候變更危機(jī)，威逼生物多樣性；其次至第五段介紹了亞馬遜雨林火災(zāi)對(duì)生物多樣性以及森林面積等的影響，其中第四段又突出強(qiáng)調(diào)亞馬遜雨林火災(zāi)數(shù)量顯著增加。由此可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·蘭州市高三診斷考試)Iwasstandinginaclassofwild14-year-oldgirlsastheythrewpaperandhowled(大聲叫喊)withlaughter.Theywouldn't__1__me.Iwas23andIdidn'tknowwhatIwasdoing.Ineverwantedto__2__.Iwantedtobeawriter.ButwhenIarrivedinLondon，theywereshortofteachers，notwriters.Myeffortstoteachwere__3__.Whenthebellfinallyrang，Irushedtothestaffroom，redwithanger.Theotherteachersweren't__4__.“That's4B，theworstclassinschool，”onesaid.Idreaded(膽怯 )ournext__5__，butIcouldn'tgiveup.Ineededthejob.So，I__6__formallessons.Instead，Ibrought__7__forclassdiscussions.Oneoftheliveliesttalkswasabouttheargumentstheyhadwiththeirparents.Theypaidattentionandsharedabouttheirlives.Iwas__8__.SoIhadthemwriteaboutthemselves.Mostwroteaboutfamilieswithlittlemoneyandbigproblems.Astimewenton，theiressaysbecamea__9__betweenus.Iadmiredtheirhumor，toughnessandinsight，andIthoughtthey__10__myinterestintheirlives.ThemusicalMyFairLadywasplayingintheWestEnd，buttheyhadneverseena__11__stageperformance.TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd，butnonehadeverbeenthere.Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical.TheythoughtIwas__12__.Noteacherhadever__13__takingthemout.Afewweekslater,4BandIweresittingina__14__.Theylovedthemusic，thecostumesandthecharacters.Itwasthe__15__oftheiryear，andtheytalkedaboutitfordays.Neartheendofthesemester，someoneknockedonthedoorofthestaffroom.Thetwomostrebellious(叛逆的)girlsin4Bwerethere—withflowers.IwasproudtoknowIhad__16__theirlives.Ienjoyedteachingandgettingalongwith__17__.WhenIreturnedtoAustraliaseveralyearslater，Istillwantedtobea__18__.Forthefirsttimeinmylife，Istopped__19__andstartedwriting.MyfirststorywastitledMyFairLadies.Teachingwasn'tthe__20__ofmywritingcareer；itwasthebeginning.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】“我”想做一名作家，但是倫敦缺的是老師，于是“我”做了一名老師。由于帶了全校最差的班級(jí)，起先時(shí)“我”不知所措。后來(lái)“我”變更了常規(guī)的授課方式，激勵(lì)學(xué)生們寫自己經(jīng)驗(yàn)的故事，帶她們?nèi)ビ^賞音樂(lè)劇。“我”的行為觸動(dòng)了她們的內(nèi)心……1．A.listento B．hearaboutC．catchupwith D．takecareofA[依據(jù)上文可知，這些女生扔紙并大聲談笑；依據(jù)下文可知，23歲的“我”不知所措；據(jù)此可以推斷，這些女生不聽我講話；A項(xiàng)意為“聽……”，故A項(xiàng)正確。]2．Amunicate B．teachC．discuss D．workB[依據(jù)下文可知，“我”想要當(dāng)一名作家；上文提到，對(duì)這群在教室里高聲談笑的女生“我”一籌莫展，據(jù)此可以推知，“我”不準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)，B項(xiàng)意為“教學(xué)”，故B項(xiàng)正確。]3．A.successful B．persistentC．unforgettable D．hopelessD[依據(jù)下文可知，我氣得臉都紅了，同事告知我說(shuō)這個(gè)班是最差的班；據(jù)此可以推知，我感到努力毫無(wú)希望；D項(xiàng)意為“無(wú)望的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。]4．A.embarrassed B．happyC．surprised D．worriedC[依據(jù)后句可知，其中一個(gè)老師告知我說(shuō)，4B班是全校最差的班級(jí)；據(jù)此可以推知，對(duì)于這種狀況，其他老師并不感到驚奇；C項(xiàng)意為“覺(jué)得驚奇的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。]5．A.appointment B．meetingC．task D．performanceB[依據(jù)上文可知，班里的女生高聲談笑不聽“我”講話，據(jù)此可以推知，“我”膽怯 和她們?cè)俅我娒?，B項(xiàng)意為“見面”，故B項(xiàng)正確。]6．A.abandoned B．designedC．took D．hatedA[依據(jù)后句中的“forclassdiscussions”可知，“我”放棄了常規(guī)教學(xué)，以班級(jí)探討的方式取代；A項(xiàng)意為“放棄”，故A項(xiàng)正確。]7．A.papers B．rewardsC．topics D．a(chǎn)ssistantsC[依據(jù)該句中的“brought”，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，“我”準(zhǔn)備了班級(jí)探討的話題；C項(xiàng)意為“話題”，故C項(xiàng)正確。]8．A.fascinated B．disappointedC．puzzled D．relaxedA[依據(jù)后句可知，“我”讓她們寫下她們的故事；據(jù)此可以推知，“我”對(duì)她們的探討很入迷；A項(xiàng)意為“入迷的”，故A項(xiàng)正確。]9．A.deal B．bridgeC．guide D．secretB[依據(jù)該句中的“betweenus”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這些文章成了“我”和她們之間聯(lián)系的橋梁；B項(xiàng)意為“橋梁”，故B項(xiàng)正確。]10．A.praised B．understoodC．ignored D．a(chǎn)ppreciatedD[依據(jù)上文可知，“我”觀賞她們的幽默、堅(jiān)毅和洞察力；結(jié)合該句中的“myinterestintheirlives”可以推知，“我”認(rèn)為她們也會(huì)感謝“我”對(duì)她們生活的關(guān)注；D項(xiàng)意為“感謝，感謝”，故D項(xiàng)正確。]11．A.good B．familiarC．famous D．liveD[依據(jù)該句中的“but”及后一句“TheylivedjustafewsubwaystopsfromtheWestEnd...there”可知，盡管她們的住處離倫敦西區(qū)很近，但是她們沒(méi)有看到過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演；D項(xiàng)意為“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演出的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。]12．A.lying B．guessingC．joking D．promisingC[依據(jù)后句中的“Noteacherhadever”可知，沒(méi)有老師帶她們出去過(guò)；據(jù)此可以推知，當(dāng)“我”問(wèn)她們是否要去看現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演時(shí)，她們認(rèn)為“我”在開玩笑，故C項(xiàng)正確。]13．A.admitted B．dislikedC．minded D．suggestedD[依據(jù)上文中的“Iaskedifthey'dliketoseethemusical”可知，“我”提議她們出去看音樂(lè)?。唤Y(jié)合該句中的“takingthemout”可知，之前沒(méi)有老師提議帶她們出去，D項(xiàng)意為“提議”，故D項(xiàng)正確。]14．A.bookstore B．theaterC．library D．classroomB[依據(jù)上文中的“Iaskedif...themusical”可知，“我”提議她們出去觀賞音樂(lè)??；結(jié)合該句中的“4BandIweresittingin”可以推知，數(shù)周后的一天，“我”和她們坐在了一家劇院里；B項(xiàng)意為“劇院”，故B項(xiàng)正確。]15．A.highlight B．goalC．story D．a(chǎn)chievementA[依據(jù)該句中的“andtheytalkedaboutitfordays”可知，她們談?wù)摿藥滋鞎r(shí)間；據(jù)此可以推知，這是她們一年中最精彩的一天；A項(xiàng)意為“最精彩的部分”，故A項(xiàng)正確。]16．A.found B．touchedC．created D．savedB[依據(jù)前句可知，有兩位最叛逆的女生拿著花來(lái)到教員的辦公室，結(jié)合上文敘述的“我”和她們觀賞音樂(lè)劇可以推知，“我”觸及了她們的生活，B項(xiàng)意為“觸及”。]17．A.colleagues B．parentsC．teenagers D．playersC[依據(jù)該句中的“andgettingalongwith”，并結(jié)合上文敘述的“我”傲慢地得知“我”觸及了她們的生活可以推知，“我”喜愛(ài)上了教學(xué)，和青少年們相處融洽；C項(xiàng)意為“青少年”，故C項(xiàng)正確。]18．A.teacher B．writerC．performer D．listenerB[依據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)其次句“Iwantedtobeawriter”可知，我想要當(dāng)一名作家；結(jié)合后句中的“startedwriting”可知，“我”起先寫作；據(jù)此可以推知，“我”仍舊想要做一名作家，故B項(xiàng)正確。]19．A.dreaming B．hesitatingC．travelling D．learningA[依據(jù)該句中的“startedwriting”，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，第一次“我”不再幻想，而是真正起先寫作；A項(xiàng)意為“想象，幻想”，故A項(xiàng)正確。]20．A.idea B．partC．end D．planC[依據(jù)該句中的“itwasthebeginning”可知，教學(xué)是“我”寫作的起先，據(jù)此可知，空處與句中的“beginning”對(duì)應(yīng)，表示“終結(jié)”，故C項(xiàng)正確。]課時(shí)提能練(四十四)選修8Unit22EnvironmentalProtection(B)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·江西金太陽(yáng)聯(lián)考)Burningcoaltoprovideenergyaddsplanet-warmingcarbondioxide,orCO2,toEarth'satmosphere.Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.CO2mustalsobeobliteratedfromtheatmosphere,theysay.ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon-removaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecost-effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.ForestsusedtocovermuchoftheAppalachianMountainsintheeasternUnitedStates.InthestateofWestVirginia,akindofminingknownasstripmining(露天開采)leftthelandtherebare,withouttrees.Nowexpertsareworkingtobringbacktheforeststhatoncecoveredmuchofthestate.WestVirginia'sMonongahelaNationalForestishometoararegroupoftrees.Theyarecalledvirgin(原始的)woods;theyhaveneverbeentouchedbyhumans.ShaneJones,abiologistwiththeU．S.ForestService,saysthetreesthereweremissedbymistakewhenthesurroundingforestwascutdownforwoodmanyyearsago.Thatmistaketurnedouttobeagoodthing;redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCOExpertssay,natureofferspowerfultoolstofightclimatechange.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。燃燒煤導(dǎo)致了大量的能引起溫室效應(yīng)的二氧化碳排放到了大氣中，僅僅是削減二氧化碳的排放并不足以避開全球氣候變暖帶來(lái)的災(zāi)難?，F(xiàn)有的試驗(yàn)階段的去除二氧化碳的機(jī)器又太貴，無(wú)法大面積普及運(yùn)用。還好一項(xiàng)新的探討表明，有效又經(jīng)濟(jì)的去除二氧化碳的方法已經(jīng)存在，那就是森林。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obliterated”meaninParagraph1?A．Prevented. B．Cleared.C．Produced. D．Stored.B[詞義揣測(cè)題。由劃線句子上一句“Astheplanetheatsup,expertswarnthatsimplycuttinggreenhousegasemissions(排放)willnotbeenoughtoavoidpossiblydisastrouslevelsofglobalwarming.(隨著地球變暖，專家警告說(shuō)僅僅是削減二氧化碳的排放并不足以避開全球氣候變暖帶來(lái)的災(zāi)難。)”可推知，劃線詞所在句意為“二氧化碳必需從空氣中移除”。劃線單詞也與下段首句“ExistingexperimentalmachinesthatremoveCO2directlyfromtheairaretoocostlytobewidelyused.(現(xiàn)有的干脆從空氣中移除二氧化碳的試驗(yàn)機(jī)器太貴，無(wú)法廣泛運(yùn)用。)”中的remove呼應(yīng)。Prevented阻擋，阻礙；Cleared移走，清除；Produced生產(chǎn)，制造；Stored貯藏，保存。故選B。]2．What'stheadvantageofforestscomparedwiththeexistingexperimentalmachines?A．Theyreleasemoreoxygen.B．TheyclearmoreCO2.C．Theysavemoremoney.D．TheyabsorbCO2faster.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的“ButanewreportfromtheU．S.NationalAcademyofSciences,EngineeringandMedicinesayseffectivecarbon-removaltechnologyalreadyexists.Itisnotcostly,orevencomplexscience.It'sforests.(美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)、工程和醫(yī)學(xué)院的一項(xiàng)新報(bào)告表明，有效的去除二氧化碳的技術(shù)已經(jīng)存在。它花費(fèi)不高，甚至不是困難的科學(xué)。它就是森林。)”可知，與現(xiàn)有的試驗(yàn)機(jī)器相比，森林的好處是省錢。故選C。]3．WhydoestheauthormentionWestVirginiainParagraph3?A．Toprovetheplaceisunsuitableforhumansurvival.B．Tostressplantingtreesispracticalforcleanair.C．Toindicatetreesaredifficulttoliveonsuchpoorsoil.D．Toshowpeopleinthestatearenowlivingahardlife.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Thereportexplainsthatplantingtreesandoverseeingforestsarecost-effectivewaystocleantheair.Theyalsoworkwellacrosslargeareas.(探討顯示，植樹造林是劃算的清理空氣的方法。它們也適合大面積的運(yùn)用。)”可知，本段中的舉例是為證明用植樹造林來(lái)清理空氣是切實(shí)可行的。故選B。]4．Whatcanweknowabouttheredsprucetrees?A．TheycanonlybefoundinMonongahelaB．Theyweregiventhenamevirginwoodsforbeauty.C．Theywerecutdownforwoodbyfarmers.D．Theycouldstorecarbondioxideinthesoil.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“redspruce(云杉)forestssuchasthoseintheMonongahelaareextremelyeffectiveattakingCO2outoftheatmosphereandlockingitintothesoil(像莫農(nóng)加希拉的這些云杉在汲取空氣中的二氧化碳，并將它們鎖在土壤內(nèi)這些方面是極其有效的)”可知，云杉能將二氧化碳儲(chǔ)存在土壤中。故選D。]B(2024·威海模擬)A2024reportfoundthatfoodwastewouldincreasebyathirdto2.1billiontonsby2030.Beyondthecostofthewasteitself，thrown-awayfoodgeneratesagasthatcontributestoclimatechange.Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds，butsuppliersneedtoswitchtoreusablepackagingtomakethemenvironmentallyfriendly.Tailor-mademealkitscutwastebyprovidingpeoplewithpreciseamountsoffreshingredients(烹飪?cè)?forchosenrecipes，meaningleftoversareminimized.Butwhilethedeliveryservicesscorewellonreducingfoodwaste，buyingthesamefoodingredientsfromthesupermarketalmostalwayssavesenergyoverallsimplybecausemealkitsusesomuchsingle-usepackaging.Thegoodnewsisthatifpeoplehavemealsthataretailoredforconsumption，theywon'toverbuyandhavelessfoodwaste.Theyfine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.Thepackagingisakillerifit'ssingle-useandthrownaway，whichcanmakealltheenvironmentalbenefitslost.Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。套餐可以削減食物奢侈，但包裝是個(gè)問(wèn)題。家庭送餐包可以削減超過(guò)三分之二的食物奢侈，但供應(yīng)商須要改用可重復(fù)運(yùn)用的包裝，使其更加環(huán)保。5．Whatcanwelearnabouthomedeliverymealkits?A．Theycancutdownondailyexpenses.B．Theywilltotallysolvetheproblemoffoodwaste.C．Theycankeepenergyconsumptiontoaminimum.D．Theywillbenefittheenvironmentwithreusablepackaging.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Homedeliverymealkits(盒)canreducefoodwastebymorethantwo-thirds(家庭送餐包可以削減三分之二的食物奢侈)”可知可利用的包裝對(duì)環(huán)保有益。故選D。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fine-tune”inParagraph3mean?A．Attach. B．Adjust.C．Raise. D．Compare.B[詞義揣測(cè)題。第三段主要講解并描述量身定制餐會(huì)降低奢侈。依據(jù)畫線句“Theyfine-tunetheamountoffoodtowhattheywillactuallyeat.(人們可以依據(jù)將要吃多少來(lái)調(diào)整食物數(shù)量。)”可知，fine-tune意為“調(diào)整，調(diào)整”，故選B。]7．Theauthorsuggestscarryingmealswithadeliverytruckto________.A．reducetransportemissionsB．savemorefoodC．shoponlyinthesupermarketD．shortencartripdistancesA[推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Mealkitscanreducetransportemissions(排放)ifpeoplegotothesupermarketlessfrequently.Ifpeopleonlygoandbuysuchgoodsassoapandtoiletpaper，theymayonlyhavetovisitonceeverycoupleofmonths.Adeliverytruckcancarrymealsforalotofpeopleintheneighborhood.Sodozensofcartripsmightbereplacedwithonetrucktrip.”可知餐盒可以削減交通排放，運(yùn)輸卡車可以一次給小區(qū)許多人送餐飯，削減交通排放。故選A。]8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetomealkits?A．Supportive. B．Unfavorable.C．Objective. D．Indifferent.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“However，studyfoundthatevenifdeliverymealkitsreducedfoodwastetozero，theywouldstilluseupmoreenergyoverallthanbuyingthesamefoodfromthesupermarketunlesstheenergyusedforthemealkitpackagingwascutbyafifth.”可知探討表明外賣飯盒比超市買食物會(huì)耗費(fèi)更多的能源，再依據(jù)最終一句“Butifthepackagingcanbereused，ifit'sglassbottles，likeintheolddays，wecangetsomebenefits.(但是假如這些包裝能夠被再利用，對(duì)我們還是會(huì)有一些好處的。)”可推出作者對(duì)飯盒的運(yùn)用是客觀的看法。故選C。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·濟(jì)寧沖刺卷)HealthySee,HealthyDoVisitthegrocerystoreonanemptystomach,andyouwillprobablycomehomewithafewthingsyoudidnotplantobuy.Buthungerisnottheonlycauseofadditionalpurchases.Thelocationofstoredisplays(擺放)alsoinfluencesourshoppingchoices.1Thecheckoutareaisaparticularhotspotforjunkfood.Studieshavefoundthattheproductsmostcommonlyfoundtherearesugaryandsaltysnacks.23Ithasbeenworkingwithmorethan1,000storeownerstoencouragethemtoorderandpromotenutritiousfoods.“Weknowthatthestoresarefullofcues(示意)meanttoencourageconsumption，”saysTamarAdjoian,aresearchscientistatthedepartment,“Makinghealthyfoodsmoreconvenientorappealingcanleadtoincreasedsalesofthoseproducts.”Adjoianandhercolleagueswonderedifsuchfindingswouldapplytotheircity'scrowdedurbancheckoutareas,sotheyselectedthreeBronxsupermarketsfortheirownstudy.4Thentheyrecordedpurchasesoversixthree-hourperiodsineachstorefortwoweeks.Ofthemorethan2,100shopperstheyobserved,just4percentboughtanythingfromthecheckoutarea.Amongthosewhodid,however,customersinthehealthylinespurchasednutritiousfoodsmorethantwiceasoftenasthoseinthestandardlines.5ThesefindingswerereportedinSeptemberintheJournalofNutritionEducationandBehavior.Thepotentialinfluencemayseemsmall,butAdjoianbelievesthatchangingmorecheckoutlineswouldopencustomers'eyestonutritious,lower-caloriefoods.HealthdepartmentofficialsarenowexploringwaystoexpandhealthyoptionsatcheckoutcountersthroughoutNewYorkCity.A．Thesefoodsgivepeoplemoreenergy.B．Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.C．Anditmaymakeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits.D．Thesupermarketsbegantooffernutritious,lower-caloriefoods.E．ThesefindingscaughttheattentionofNewYorkCityDepartmentofHealth.F．Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.G．Andafewstudieshavesuggestedthatsimplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章用幾個(gè)試驗(yàn)向我們證明白商店里商品的擺放位置，特殊是結(jié)賬處旁邊的商品擺放會(huì)影響我們購(gòu)物的選擇。所以健康部門和專家都呼吁將健康食品放在這些地方，提高大家對(duì)健康食品的關(guān)注度。1．C[空格位于首段最終一句?？崭袂耙痪渚湟鉃椋旱陜?nèi)商品的擺放位置也會(huì)影響購(gòu)物的選擇。選項(xiàng)C中的it與上句話中的“Thelocation”可形成指代關(guān)系，并且“makeorbreaksomehealthyeatinghabits”與文章主題HealthySee,HealthyDo(看到的健康的，買的就是健康的)呼應(yīng)。故選C。]2．G[空格位于段中?？崭袂熬湟鉃椋航Y(jié)賬處擺放的商品常常是糖或者咸的零食。空格后的兩個(gè)舉例都是強(qiáng)調(diào)假如購(gòu)物者看到的常常是健康食品的話，他們會(huì)更多的選擇健康食品。由此可推知，空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)換一下擺放在結(jié)賬處的食品的重要性。選項(xiàng)G中的“simplyswappinginhealthieroptionscanchangecustomerbehavior(簡(jiǎn)潔地將垃圾食品換成健康一點(diǎn)的食品能變更顧客的購(gòu)物行為)”與這一語(yǔ)境呼應(yīng)，起到承上啟下的作用。故選G。]3．E[空格位于段首。由本段中的“aresearchscientistatthedepartment”可知，前邊應(yīng)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)department，選項(xiàng)E中的“DepartmentofHealth”與之呼應(yīng)。故選E。]4．F[空格位于段中。分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，第四段和第五段主要講解并描述Adjoian和她同事們做的試驗(yàn)?？崭袂熬湟鉃椋簽榱俗C明把健康食品放在收銀處，是不是影響擁擠的市區(qū)內(nèi)的顧客的購(gòu)買行為，他們選擇了三家超市?？崭窈缶湟鉃椋核麄冞B續(xù)三周每天分六次每次三小時(shí)記錄購(gòu)買狀況。可以推知，中間一句話應(yīng)當(dāng)是試驗(yàn)的設(shè)置方式。選項(xiàng)F“Theyreplacedcandiesandcookieswithfruitsandnutsnearthecheckoutcounter.(他們把收銀處旁邊的糖和餅干換成了水果和堅(jiān)果。)”與這個(gè)試驗(yàn)的目的一樣。故選F。]5．B[空格位于段中。這一段講解并描述Adjoian和她同事們做的試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果。由空格后的“Thesefindings”可知，前邊至少有兩項(xiàng)發(fā)覺(jué)?？崭袂熬湟鉃椋涸谀切┰谑浙y處買了東西的人當(dāng)中，站在健康食品隊(duì)列的人比站在不健康食品隊(duì)列的人買了多于兩倍的東西。這是一個(gè)發(fā)覺(jué)，選項(xiàng)B中的“Theyboughtunhealthyfoods40percentlessoften.(他們買不健康食品的概率也降低了40%。)”與上一句句式接近，并且表達(dá)的是與上一句意思一樣的一個(gè)發(fā)覺(jué)，又與下句中的“Thesefindings”呼應(yīng)。故選B。]Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2024·撫順模擬)Lastweek,anactivitycalled“BeijingoperaenteringCampus”washeldinourschool.Inthemorning,twoartists，1.________actingskillswerewonderful,cametoourschoolasplanned.When2.________(reach)theroom,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.Afteracasualchat,theartists3.________(invite)tothehalltogiveusadetailedintroductiontoBeijingopera.Withgreat4.________(expect),welistened5.________(attentive)andlearnedthattherearefivemainrolesinBeijingopera,andthefacialmaskoneachofthemtellsthecharacteristicsoftherole.TohelpusbetterunderstandBeijingopera,theartistalsoshowedusseveralclassic6.________(example)ofsingingandacting.Afterthelecture,wecouldn'twaittostartthefollowingtrainingsessions.Oneartistshowedushowtopaintthefacialmaskonourface,andtheothertaughtusthetypicalmovesstep7.________step.Underthe8.________(patience)guidanceoftheartists,welearnedthebasicskillsanddevelopedastronginterest.Afterseveralrehearsals,wewerereadytostageascenefromJourneytotheWest.Ontheperformingday,withexcitementandnervousness,IplayedSunWukongwiththeladyartist.Toourgreatdelight,ourperformancewontheapplauseofourschoolmates.Throughthisactivity,I'vefoundBeijingoperaappealing9.________learneditmusttakealongandhardtraining10.________(become)agoodperformer.IamexpectingtospreadBeijingoperatomoreaudiences.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要記敘了上周在作者學(xué)校實(shí)行的一個(gè)名為“京劇走進(jìn)校內(nèi)”的活動(dòng)過(guò)程。1．whose[考查定語(yǔ)從句。本句為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞artists，且先行詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。]2．reaching[考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，reach在句中作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與邏