2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit3InventorsandinventionsSectionⅢGrammar-過去分詞作定語表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語學(xué)案含解析新人教版選修8

PAGEUnit3InventorsandinventionsSectionⅢGrammar——過去分詞作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語[思維導(dǎo)圖][語法精講]一、過去分詞作定語1．過去分詞作定語的位置(1)單個的過去分詞：一般狀況下，單個的過去分詞作前置定語，即放在所修飾詞之前。但有時為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可放在所修飾詞之后。Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我們必需調(diào)整思路來適應(yīng)改變了的狀況。Moneyspentismorethanmoneyearned.花的錢比掙的錢多。(2)過去分詞短語：過去分詞短語往往作后置定語，即放在所修飾詞之后。Thiswillbethebestnovelofitskindeverwritten.這本小說將是這類小說中寫得最好的。Thegirl,broughtupbyheruncle,hasbeguntoworknow.由叔叔帶大的那個女孩現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)參與工作了。2．過去分詞作定語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)意義(1)及物動詞的過去分詞作定語通常表示被動和完成，即被修飾詞通常是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，且該動作已完成。Thebrokenwindowwillbereplacedsoon.(被動和完成)破損的窗戶很快就會被換掉。(2)不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時僅表示完成。Therearesomefallenleavesontheground.(完成)地上有一些落葉。3．過去分詞作定語時擴(kuò)展成句作后置定語的過去分詞往往可以擴(kuò)展成相應(yīng)的定語從句。Theywantedtocutdownthefallentrees.(＝Theywantedtocutdownthetreesthathadfallen)．他們想鋸斷倒下的樹。Thelosttimecanneverbefoundagain.(＝Thetimewhichislostcanneverbefoundagain.)失去的時間恒久也找不回來。二、過去分詞作表語(1)過去分詞作表語，通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)，這時過去分詞可以被看作一個形容詞，是形容詞化的過去分詞。常見的有seated,surprised,astonished,amazed,moved,exhausted,worried,devoted,pleased,inspired,encouraged,excited,delighted,satisfied,scared,frightened,disappointed等。Iampleasedwiththeresultoftheexperiment.我對試驗(yàn)結(jié)果很滿足。[名師點(diǎn)津]過去分詞作表語時，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)；動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。Thecuponthefloorisbroken.地板上的杯子破了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))ThecupwasbrokenbyJim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動作)(2)過去分詞作表語并無完成或被動之意，多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”。Hearingthesurprisingnews,theywereallsurprised.聽到這令人驚訝的消息，他們都很驚訝。三、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語能用作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞一般都是及物動詞，表示被動意義或完成意義，有時候兩者兼而有之。作賓語補(bǔ)足語的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。在下面結(jié)構(gòu)中常用過去分詞作補(bǔ)語。(1)在感官動詞(see,hear,notice,watch等)和表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞(feel,find等)后。Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)覺他的家鄉(xiāng)改變很大。(2)使役動詞(keep,make,help,get,have等)后。Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected,youareabovealltorespectothers.假如你想讓自己被敬重，你必需首先敬重別人。(3)like,want,wish,order等表示“希望；要求；吩咐”等意義的動詞后。Iwouldlikethismattersettledatonce.我希望此事立即得到解決。(4)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中。Withmyhomeworkfinished,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.做完家庭作業(yè)后，我和爸爸去釣魚了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Iwassurprised(surprise)tofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.2．Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessagehidden(hide)withinthework.3．Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I'dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.4．Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertaken(take)goodcareofathome.5．LittleTomsatamazed(amaze)watchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.6．Keeptheinjuredpersonstillwithhisheadheld(hold)straightwhilesomeonecallsforemergency.7．Attheparty,theprettygirlworeaveryattractiveskirttomakeherselfnoticed(notice)．8．ChinaisadevelopingcountrywhileAmericaisadevelopedcountry.(develop)Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Mostchildrenfeelfrighteningwhentheyfirstgotoschool,becausetheyarenotfamiliarwiththeschoolatall.frightening→frightened2．Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！excited→exciting3．Youcannotacceptanopinionofferingtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.offering→offered4．Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusingindailyconversations.using→used5．Whenwesawtheroadblockingwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.blocking→blocked6．Iamawfullytiring,butI'llneverfallasleep.tiring→tired7．Gradually,IbecameinterestinginbiologyandchosetolearnitwhenIenteredtheeresting→interested8．HowIwishIcouldmakemyselffullyunderstandinginEnglish！understanding→understoodⅢ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Themanagerhadsomeonerepairthemachineyesterday.→Themanagerhadthemachinerepairedyesterday.(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ))2．Thestorywaswrittenbyamiddleschoolstudent,anditispopularinschools.→Thestorywrittenbyamiddleschoolstudentispopularinschools.(過去分詞作定語)3．Themurdererwasbroughtin,andhishandsweretiedbehindhisback.→Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))4．Thegirlshowsaninterestinplayingthepiano.→Thegirlisinterestedinplayingthepiano.(過去分詞作表語)5．Whathesaidatmybirthdaypartydisappointedme.→Ifeltdisappointedatwhathesaidatmybirthdayparty.(過去分詞作表語)Ⅳ.用過去分詞完成下列句子1．Isthereanythingplanned_for_tonight?今晚有什么活動安排嗎？2．Mygrandfatherhad_his_old_house_rebuiltlastmonth.上個月我爺爺找人重建了一下他的舊房子。