Unit2ExploringEnglishUsinglanguage構(gòu)詞法課件高中英語(yǔ)

Period2Usinglanguage

Unit2ExploringEnglish英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法主要有縮略法（abbreviating）轉(zhuǎn)化法（changingthepartofspeech）派生法（adding

aprefixorsuffix）

合成法（combiningtwoormorewords）

Wordformation構(gòu)詞法:是單詞構(gòu)成的基本規(guī)律，按照一定的語(yǔ)言規(guī)律創(chuàng)造新詞的方法叫做構(gòu)詞法。Review:wordformationabbreviating（縮略）Awordformedfromthefirstlettersofthewordsthatmakeupthenameofsth.（縮略法，即將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變）WorldHealthOrganization→WHOInformationTechnology→ITtelephone→phoneaeroplane→plane2.截頭縮略1.首字母縮略examination→examlaboratory→lab3.去尾縮略

VeryImportantPersonChiefExecutiveOfficerChinaCentralTelevisionWorldTradeOrganizationVirtualRealityVIPCEOCCTVWTOVRchangethepartofspeech（詞性）(改變單詞的詞性)Conversion（轉(zhuǎn)化）(1)動(dòng)詞名詞Lookatme.Letmehavealook.(2)名詞動(dòng)詞Openyourbook.Imustbooktheticket.(3)形容詞動(dòng)詞Ourclassroomisveryclean.Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.(4)形容詞名詞(意義改變)Youareright.Citizenshavetherighttospeakfreely.請(qǐng)大家判斷詞性轉(zhuǎn)化類型,然后翻譯句子(1)Letmehaveatry.(2)Youcould

shoulder

thetask.(3)Youshouldtryyourbesttobetteryourperformance.(4)Theyare

discussing

the

content

ofthe

story.v.-n.讓我來(lái)試一試。n.-v.你可以承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。adj.-v.你應(yīng)該盡最大努力讓自己有更好的表現(xiàn)。adj.-n.他們正在討論這個(gè)故事的內(nèi)容?！炯磳W(xué)即練】Derivation派生byaddingaprefixor(and)asuffix(在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞)unemployment單詞=前綴詞根后綴改變?cè)~義詞的本意改變?cè)~性Prefix-前綴1.表示否定的前綴：dis-il-im-ir-in-un-2.表示空間位置，方向的前綴:by-inter-mid-under-3.表示比較程度差別關(guān)系的前綴：extra-over-super-under…4.表示時(shí)間的前綴：ex-foremid-post-5.表示重復(fù)的前綴：re-6.表示動(dòng)化的前綴：en-1.表示否定意義前綴：Prefix-前綴dis-in-il-im-ir-mis-non-un-convenient→inconvenientlegal→illegalpossible→impossibleresponsible→irresponsibleability→disabilityunderstand→misunderstandprofit→non-profitcertain→uncertainPrefix-前綴by-“附近，鄰近”road→byroadunder-“在......下面”ground→undergroundinter-“在……間，相互”national→internationalmid-“中間”night→midnight,autumn→mid-autumnre-“又,再”arrange→rearrange）en-“使......”able→enablepre-“前”war→pre-warpost-“后”war→post-war2.表示空間位置，方向關(guān)系的前綴4.表示其他意義3.表示時(shí)間Suffix-后綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴動(dòng)詞后綴副詞后綴Suffix-后綴1.表示人的名詞后綴-er:begin→beginner（初學(xué)者）

-or:act→actor（演員）-ee:employ→employee（雇員）-ist:art→artist（藝術(shù)家）-ian:music→musician（音樂家）-ant:assist→assistant（助手）-ess:god→goddess(女神)-ness:careless→carelessness（粗心）-ment:achieve→achievement（成就）-dom:free→freedom（自由）-tion:invent→invention（發(fā)明）-ance:accept→acceptance（接受）-ence:depend→dependence（依賴）-ion:express→expression（表達(dá)）-ty:possible→possibility（可能性）2.其他名詞后綴Suffix-后綴3.形容詞后綴-al:nation→national（民族的）-(i)ous:danger→dangerous（危險(xiǎn)的）-ful:success→successful（成功的）-less:pain→painless（不痛苦的）-some:trouble→troublesome(有麻煩的)-ial:influence→influential(有影響力的)-able:avoid→avoidable（可避免的）-tive:attract→attractive(有吸引力的)4.動(dòng)詞后綴-en:sharp→sharpen（使尖銳）-fy:simple→simplify（使簡(jiǎn)化）-ize:modern→modernize（使現(xiàn)代化）5.副詞后綴-ly:easy→easily（容易地）-s:indoor→indoors（在室內(nèi)）-ward(s):toward（趨向）Compounding（合成）createanewwordbycompoundingtwoormoreexistingwords(由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞)＋＝＋＝(1)n.+n.:airconditioner（空調(diào)）；bloodpressure（血壓）(2)adj.+n.：centralbank（中央銀行）；fastfood（快餐）(3)v-ing.+n.：washingmachine（洗衣機(jī)）；drivinglicense（駕駛證）(4)n.+v-ing.：story-telling（講故事）；hand-writing（筆跡）(5)adv.+v.：outbreak（爆發(fā)）；output（產(chǎn)量）(6)v.+adv.：breakdown（故障）；feedback（反饋）1.合成名詞2.合成形容詞(1)詞尾為過去分詞或+ed:absent-minded（心不在焉的）；hand-made（手工的）(2)詞尾為現(xiàn)在分詞：good-looking（好看的）；easy-going（隨和的）(3)詞尾為形容詞：duty-free（免稅的）；homesick（想家的）3.合成動(dòng)詞

overcome（戰(zhàn)勝）undergo（經(jīng)歷）4.合成副詞whole-heartedly（全心全意地）;downstairs（在樓下）SummaryWordformation合成法轉(zhuǎn)換法派生法縮略法兩個(gè)詞合成一個(gè)新詞。詞形不變，詞性改變。在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞。用單詞首尾字母組成一個(gè)新詞。1.Lookatthesentencesandexpressionsfromthereadingpassage.Matchthewordsinboldtothetypesofwordformation.aNeitheristherepinenorappleinpineapple.b

…sculptasculpture…cWhenwe…seerain…,wecansay“it’sraining”…d

WHO1abbreviating2changingthepartofspeech3addingaprefixorsuffix4combiningtwoormorewordsbdcaCompletethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Whenyouopenadictionary,youoftencomeacrossalotofunfamiliarwords.Youmightthinkthisisabitscary.Butmanyofthemareformedusingothersimplerwords.Thisiscalledwordformation.Wordsformedbycombiningotherwordsarecalledcompounds,forexample,1__________(afriendthatyoucontactbywriting,traditionallyusingapen)and2__________(knownbymanypeople).Prefixesandsuffixesoftenhavefixedmeanings.Ifyouaddun-orin-toaword,thenewwordusuallymeanstheopposite.Forexample,ifsomethingisn’tcorrectit’s3__________,andifsomeoneisn’thappythey’re4__________.Wordswiththesuffixes-mentand-nessareoftennouns.Forexample,ifsomebodyhasimprovedalot,theyhavemadegreat5____________.penfriendwell-knownincorrectunhappyimprovementCompletethepassagewiththehelpofwordformation.Somenounsandadjectivescanbeusedasverbs,ortheotherwayround.Whenwecalmsomebodydown,theybecome6__________.Andwecangivesomeoneapresentby7__________

it.Andsometimesawordismadeupofthefirstlettersofseveralwords:

“WorldTradeOrganization”canbereferredtoas8__________,and9__________isshortfor“assoonaspossible”.Itisimpossibletoknowthemeaningofeveryword,butknowingaboutwordformationcanhelpusguesstheirmeanings.

calmpresentingWTOASAPAmericanandBritishEnglishtheatretheatergashighwaypetrolmotorwayelevatorliftsubwayundergroundapartmentflatLet’slisten.UnfamiliarEnglishexpressionsBefore-listeningWhile-listeningConversation1---bConversation2---cConversation3---a

Listentothreeconversationsandmatchthemtothepictures.

Listentotheconversation1againandchoosetherightanswer.1.Whatdidthespeakerorder?AdimsumBspringrollsCmeatball2.Whatkingoffoodisdimsum？AwesternfoodBtraditionalChinesefoodCpopularnewfood3.Wheredoestheword“dimsum”comefrom？AGuangdongdialectBMandarinCPutonghua1.Whathappenedduringthemovie?AsomeoneatefoodloudlyBsomeonecriedloudlyCsomeonetalkedloudlyonthephone2.Whatdidtheythinkof“takingloudlyduringthemovie“？ANomatterBSelfishCCommon3.Whichtwowordsmakeup(組成）theword“cellfish”？Acellphone;selfishBcell;fishListentotheconversation2againandchoosetherightanswer.1.Whatwasthewomen'strouble?AShecould'ttalk.BShedid'tundertandLucy'smessage.CShemissedLucy.2.WhatdidLucyrepliedafterhearingthejoke？ALOLBBTWCBBL3.WhichisLOLfor？Aashortwayofsaying”laughoutloudly”Bashortwayofsaying“speakoutloudly”Cashortwayofsaying“speakoutloudlyListentotheconversation3againandchoosetherightanswer.UnfamiliarEnglishexpressionsListenagainandcompltethetable.WordsMeaningOrigindimsumakindoftraditional1_____________

from2_____________________

3__________usingacellphonewithoutcaringaboutothersacombinationofthewords4__________ad5_________6__________ashorterwayofsaying7___________________

fromtheInternetLOLChinesefoodtheGuangdongdialectcellfishcellphoneselfish“l(fā)aughoutloud”Thankyou!Challengeyourself！rain(形容詞)________agree(反義)__________

nation(形容詞)_______farm(人)__________

recent(副詞)________friend(形容詞)________

hope(形容詞)_______job(形容詞)_________

visit(名詞)__________access(形容詞)________

eight(八十)________true(名詞)___________

kind(名詞)_______China(形容詞)________1.按括號(hào)內(nèi)的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChineseExercise2.用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空：1.HarryPotterisaboywhoisfullof____________(imagine).2.______________(congratulate)!Youhavedon