翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類真題1

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類真題1SectionⅠEnglishChineseTranslation1.

Freedbywarming,watersoncelockedbeneathice（江南博哥）aregnawingatcoastalsettlementsaroundtheArcticCircle.

InBykovsky,avillageof457onRussia'snortheastcoast,theshorelineiscollapsing,creepingcloserandclosertohousesandtanksofheatingoil,atarateof15to18feetayear.

"Itispracticallyallice—permafrost—anditisthawing."ForthefourmillionpeoplewholivenorthoftheArcticCircle,achangingclimatepresentsnewopportunities.Butitalsothreatenstheirenvironment,theirhomesand,forthosewhosetraditionsrelyontheice-boundwilderness,thepreservationoftheirculture.

ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.

CoastalerosionisaprobleminAlaskaaswell,forcingtheUnitedStatestopreparetorelocateseveralInuitvillagesataprojectedcostof$100millionormoreforeachone.

AcrosstheArctic,indigenoustribeswithtraditionsshapedbycenturiesoflivinginextremesofcoldandicearenoticingchangesinweatherandwildlife.Theyaretryingtoadapt,butitcanbeconfounding.

InFinnmark,Norway'snorthernmostprovince,theArcticlandscapeunfoldsinlatewinterasanendlesssnowyplateau,silentbutforthecriesofthereindeerandtheoccasionalwhineofasnowmobileherdingthem.

AchangingArcticisfeltthere,too."Thereindeerarebecomingunhappy,"saidIssatEira,a31-year-oldreindeerherder.

FewcountriesrivalNorwaywhenitcomestoprotectingtheenvironmentandpreservingindigenouscustoms.Thestatehaslavisheditsoilwealthontheregion,andSamiculturehasenjoyedsomethingofarenaissance.

AndyetnoamountofgovernmentsupportcanconvinceMr.Eirathathislivelihood,intractablyentwinedwiththereindeer,isnotabouttochange.LikeaTexascattleman,hekeepsthesizeofhisherdsecret.Buthesaidwarmertemperaturesinfallandspringweremeltingthetoplayersofsnow,whichthenrefreezeasice,makingitharderforhisreindeertodigthroughtothelichentheyeat.

"Thepeoplewhoaremakingthedecisions,theyarelivinginthesouthandtheyarelivingintowns,"saidMr.Eira,sittinginsidehishomemadeofreindeerhides."Theydon'tmarkthechangeofweather.Itisonlypeoplewholiveinnatureandgetresourcesfromnaturewhomarkit."正確答案：隨著全球變暖，海冰逐漸融化，海水水位上漲，侵蝕著北極圈附近的沿海居住區(qū)。

位于俄羅斯東北海岸的拜考夫斯基村(Bykovsky)居住著457名村民，這里的海岸線逐漸受到侵蝕，每年以15至18英尺的速度后退，日益逼近村舍和取暖用油桶。

“這里實(shí)際上是永凍層，全是冰，而現(xiàn)在冰層都在融化?！睂?duì)于生活在北極圈以北的400萬(wàn)居民來(lái)說(shuō)，氣候變化帶來(lái)了新機(jī)遇，但也對(duì)他們的生活環(huán)境和住所構(gòu)成了威脅。很多居民世代生活在冰天雪地的荒野里，形成了自己獨(dú)特的文化習(xí)俗，氣候變化給當(dāng)?shù)匚幕Ｗo(hù)工作也同樣帶來(lái)了威脅。

隨著北冰洋海冰日漸融化，人們開(kāi)始加速開(kāi)發(fā)北極地區(qū)，這對(duì)于生活在極地的居民來(lái)說(shuō)利弊兼有。在巴倫支海和卡拉海地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大型油田后，人們不禁擔(dān)心，滿載著石油(不久后還會(huì)有液化氣)的船只穿行斯堪的納維亞沿岸的漁場(chǎng)前往歐洲和北美市場(chǎng)的途中可能會(huì)發(fā)生災(zāi)難性事故。隨著北極地區(qū)能源工業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，發(fā)電廠、煙囪和大型運(yùn)輸工具等配套設(shè)備、設(shè)施相繼建立或出現(xiàn)，這片未被人類染指的凈土也終將會(huì)受到污染。

阿拉斯加也面臨海岸線遭受侵蝕的問(wèn)題。對(duì)此，美國(guó)政府計(jì)劃對(duì)因紐特人居住的幾個(gè)村莊進(jìn)行搬遷，每個(gè)村莊的搬遷成本預(yù)計(jì)在1億美元以上。

北極地區(qū)的土著部落幾百年來(lái)都生活在冰封雪凍的極端自然環(huán)境里，形成了自己獨(dú)特的文化傳統(tǒng)?，F(xiàn)在，他們開(kāi)始注意到天氣和野生動(dòng)物的變化，也在積極努力去適應(yīng)氣候變化，但這又談何容易。

在挪威最北端的芬馬克省，冬末時(shí)節(jié)的北極地區(qū)是一望無(wú)際的雪域景象，萬(wàn)籟俱寂，偶爾能聽(tīng)到馴鹿的嘶鳴聲和養(yǎng)鹿人駕駛的雪地摩托發(fā)出的轟鳴聲。

即使在這里也能感受到氣候變化的影響。現(xiàn)年31歲的養(yǎng)鹿人埃拉說(shuō)：“馴鹿越來(lái)越不開(kāi)心?！?/p>

挪威的環(huán)保工作和土著文化保護(hù)工作走在世界前列。挪威政府拿出相當(dāng)部分的石油收入用來(lái)保護(hù)這里的土著文化，薩米文化也由此迎來(lái)了復(fù)興。

埃拉的生活與馴鹿已經(jīng)密不可分。然而，他認(rèn)為，無(wú)論政府投入多少資金用于土著文化保護(hù)，他的生活方式也終將會(huì)發(fā)生變化。像得克薩斯州的牧場(chǎng)主一樣，埃拉不愿透露自己養(yǎng)了多少頭馴鹿。不過(guò)，他說(shuō)春秋季節(jié)天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖使得雪地的上層融化，之后融化的雪水(到了夏冬季節(jié))再次結(jié)冰，馴鹿想要吃到底層的地衣就更不容易了。

“他們決策者都住在(北極圈)以南的城鎮(zhèn)里，”埃拉坐在自己用鹿皮搭建的屋子里說(shuō)道，“觀察不到氣候的真實(shí)變化。只有生活在大自然里、以大自然為生的人才能體會(huì)得到?！?/p>

2.

Facedwithgrowingevidencethatavianinfluenzaisspreadinginbirds,theWorldHealthOrganizationonWednesdaysignedanagreementwiththeSwisspharmaceuticalcompanyRocheHoldingtobuildupitsstockpileofmedicinesincaseofapandemicinhumans.

Undertheagreement,RochewillreservethreemilliontreatmentsofitsTamifluantiviralmedicineforusebytheUNagencyincaseofaworldwidehumanpandemicofavianflu.

"It'sjustenoughtodealwithaninitialoutbreak,"saidJong-WookLee,director-generaloftheWHO."Butclearlythisisnotenoughtodealwithafullpandemic."

Theagencysaysonly57peopleinIndonesia,Vietnam,ThailandandCambodiahavedied,mainlyfromcontactwithinfectedbirds.ThevirushaskilledmillionsofchickensandledtopreventivecullingacrossAsiasincelate2003.

Sustainedhuman-to-humaninfectionhasnotyetbeenrecorded.ButtheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatbirdflu,whichfirstappearedinHongKongin1997,couldmutategenetically,makingiteasierforhumanstocatchandtransmitthediseaseamongthemselves.

SignsthediseasehasspreadrecentlytobirdsinSiberiaandKazakhstanareaddingtoconcerns,theWHOsays.ApanelofEuropeanUnionexpertswillconveneThursdayinBrusselstodiscussmeasurestopreventthespreadofbirddeathstoEuropeanpoultry.

Whenaskedwhetherhethoughtawidespreadoutbreakinhumanswasimminent,Leesaid:"Wedon'tknowwhenitwillcome.ButitwouldbehugelyirresponsibleiftheWHOandmemberstatesdidnottakepreventivemeasuresnow."

RochedeclinedtogivefiguresforitsstockpilesofTamiflu.

Aspokeswomanforthecompany,MartinaRupp,saidittookfrom12to18monthstodeliverthedrugafteranorderwasplaced—arelativelylongtimeduetoacomplicatedproductionprocess.正確答案：鑒于有越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明禽流感正在不斷蔓延，世界衛(wèi)生組織周三與瑞士羅氏制藥公司簽署協(xié)議，要求羅氏增加藥物儲(chǔ)備以防人類爆發(fā)大范圍禽流感疫情。

按照該協(xié)議，為應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的全球性人類禽流感疫情爆發(fā)，羅氏將為世界衛(wèi)生組織儲(chǔ)備30077份達(dá)菲(抗病毒藥物)以備不時(shí)之需。

“這僅夠滿足疫情爆發(fā)初期的藥物需求，”世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事李鐘郁說(shuō)，“顯然不足以應(yīng)對(duì)疫情全面爆發(fā)時(shí)的情況。”

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，目前在印度尼西亞、越南、泰國(guó)和柬埔寨僅有57人死于禽流感，且死者中主要是因?yàn)榻佑|了受感染的禽類而發(fā)病。自2003年年底禽流感疫情爆發(fā)以來(lái)，在亞洲有數(shù)百萬(wàn)只雞死亡，為防止疫情進(jìn)一步蔓延，對(duì)家禽進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模撲殺。

現(xiàn)在尚未有持續(xù)性人傳人感染的報(bào)道。不過(guò)，世界衛(wèi)生組織警告稱，最早于1997年在香港出現(xiàn)的禽流感病毒可能會(huì)發(fā)生變異，人類對(duì)病毒會(huì)更加易感，人傳人的幾率也會(huì)增加。

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，有跡象表明，禽流感最近已蔓延至西伯利亞和哈薩克斯坦，這使人們更加擔(dān)憂。周四，歐盟專家小組將在布魯塞爾召開(kāi)會(huì)議，商討如何防止禽流感疫情蔓延至歐洲，保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)丶仪莶皇芨腥?。?dāng)被問(wèn)及是否會(huì)很快出現(xiàn)大范圍人傳人禽流感疫情時(shí)，李鐘郁說(shuō)：“我們不知道何時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)，但是如果世界衛(wèi)生組織及其成員國(guó)現(xiàn)在不采取預(yù)防措施的話將是極其不負(fù)責(zé)任的?！?/p>

羅氏制藥公司并未透露儲(chǔ)備了多少劑達(dá)菲。

該公司發(fā)言人瑪?shù)倌取斊辗Q，由于達(dá)菲生產(chǎn)工藝復(fù)雜，在接到訂單后需要一到一年半才能交貨。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，謀求合作共贏，是各國(guó)人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的當(dāng)今時(shí)代潮流。中國(guó)高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟，堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路，與世界各國(guó)一道，共同致力于建設(shè)一個(gè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

中國(guó)與世界從未像今天這樣緊密相連。中國(guó)政府把中國(guó)人民的根本利益與各國(guó)人民的共同利益結(jié)合起來(lái)，堅(jiān)持奉行防御性的國(guó)防政策。中國(guó)的國(guó)防服從和服務(wù)于國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和安全戰(zhàn)略，旨在維護(hù)國(guó)家安全統(tǒng)一，確保實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)。中國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)是維護(hù)世界和平、安全、穩(wěn)定的堅(jiān)定力量。

中國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上推進(jìn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化，是適應(yīng)世界新軍事變革發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、維護(hù)國(guó)家安全和發(fā)展利益的需要。中國(guó)不會(huì)與任何國(guó)家進(jìn)行軍備競(jìng)賽，不會(huì)對(duì)任何國(guó)家構(gòu)成軍事威脅。新世紀(jì)新階段，中國(guó)把科學(xué)發(fā)展觀作為國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)的重要指導(dǎo)方針，積極推進(jìn)中國(guó)特色軍事變革，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。正確答案：譯文1

Toupholdworldpeace,promotecommondevelopmentandseekcooperationandwin-winisthecommonwishofthepeoplearoundtheworldandanirresistibletrendofourtimes.

Committedtopeace,developmentandcooperation,Chinapursuesaroadofpeacefuldevelopment,andendeavorstobuild,togetherwithothercountries,aharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity.

NeverbeforehasChinabeensocloselyboundupwiththerestoftheworldasitistoday.TheChinesegovernmentworkstoadvanceboththefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthecommoninterestsofthepeoplesoftherestoftheworld,andpursuesadefensepolicywhichispurelydefensiveinnature.China'snationaldefense,inkeepingwithandcontributingtothecountry'sdevelopmentandsecuritystrategies,aimsatmaintainingnationalsecurityandunity,andensuringtherealizationofthegoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundway.Chinaisdeterminedtoremainastaunchforceforglobalpeace,securityandstability.

China'snationaldefenseandmilitarymodernization,conductedonthebasisofsteadyeconomicdevelopment,istherequirementofkeepingupwithnewtrendsintheglobalrevolutionanddevelopmentinmilitaryaffairs,andofmaintainingChina'snationalsecurityanddevelopment.Chinawillnotengageinanyarmsraceorposeamilitarythreattoanyothercountry.Atthenewstageinthenewcentury,wewilltakethescientificdevelopmentoutlookasanimportantguidingprincipleforthebuildingofnationaldefenseandmilitaryaffairs,vigorouslyadvancetherevolutioninmilitaryaffairswithChinesefeatures,andstrivetorealizeanall-round,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentinourcountry'snationaldefenseandmilitarycapabilities.

譯文2

Universalpeace,common/inclusivedevelopmentandwin-wincooperationrepresentthesharedaspirationofallpeoplesacrosstheworld/auniversalaspirationandanirresistible/irreversibletrendofourtimes.Assuch/Inthiscontext,Chinaremainscommittedtopeacefuldevelopmentandstandsready/poisedtoworkwiththerestoftheworld/joininglobaleffortstobuildaharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity/whereallliveinpeaceandprosperity/wherepeaceprevailsandprosperityreachesallcorners/aworldofpeaceandprosperityforall.

NeverbeforeinhistoryhasChinabeensocloselylinkedto/interlinkedwith/interconnectedwith/integratedwiththeoutsideworld.AstheChinesegovernmentbearsinmindboththefundamentalinterestsofitspeopleandthecommoninterestsoftheglobalcommunity,itpursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.Whenitcomestonationaldefense,Chinaactsinlinewithandinthestrategicinterestofnationaldevelopmentandsecurity.China'snationaldefenseaimstosafeguardnationalsecurityandunityandsecurethebuildingofawell-offsocietyinallaspects.Chinaremainsastaunchforcebehind/forworldpeace,securityandstabilitynowandforever.

China'spushfordefenseandmilitarymodernizationamid/onthebackofitsongoingeconomicboomfollows/conformswith/consistswiththeemergingglobaltrendofmilitaryupgradingandcomesasasafeguardfornationalsecurityanddevelopmentgains.Chinawillrefrainfromenteringanarmsracewithanyothercountry,andwillconstitute/posenomilitarythreattoanyone./Chinawillnotenterneitherwillit...Atthenewdevelopmentstageinthenewcentury,weare,guidedbyscientificoutlookondevelopment,pushingfor/pressingaheadwith/movingforwardwithmilitaryreformwithdistinctiveChinesefeaturestomodernizenationaldefenseandthearmyinacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainableway./Atthispoint,ChinaiscommittedtomilitaryreformwithdistinctiveChinesefeatures.Guidedbyscientificoutlookondevelopmentinthisendeavor,weareworkingtomodernizenationaldefenseandthearmyinacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainablefashion.

2.

25年來(lái)，中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制初步建立，開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)形成，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和綜合國(guó)力不斷增強(qiáng)，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，人民生活總體上實(shí)現(xiàn)了由溫飽到小康的歷史性跨越。

從1978年至2003年的25年間，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長(zhǎng)9.4%。25年前，中國(guó)年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為1473億美元，去年已達(dá)到14000多億美元。

25年前，中國(guó)年進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額為206億美元，去年已達(dá)到8512億美元。25年前，中國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備為1.67億美元，去年已達(dá)到4033億美元。

目前，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量居世界第六，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第四。中國(guó)之所以能夠發(fā)生這樣巨大的變化，最關(guān)鍵的原因是我們始終堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，始終堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放，激發(fā)了全體人民的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性。

中國(guó)雖然取得了很大的發(fā)展成就，但中國(guó)人口多，底子薄，生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達(dá)，發(fā)展很不平衡，生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的矛盾比較突出。

雖然中國(guó)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)突破1000美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，使全體人民都過(guò)上富裕生活，還需要進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期不懈的艱苦奮斗。

我們已經(jīng)明確了本世紀(jì)頭20年的奮斗目標(biāo)，這就是全面建設(shè)惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會(huì)，到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番，達(dá)到4萬(wàn)億美元，人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到3000美元，使經(jīng)濟(jì)更加發(fā)展、民主更加健全、科教更加進(jìn)步、文化更加繁榮、社會(huì)更加和諧、人民生活更加殷實(shí)。正確答案：Inthepast25years,whilepressingaheadwithreformandopeningup,Chinahasputinitiallyinplaceasocialistmarketeconomy,aneconomythatisopentotheoutsideworld.China'sproductiveforcesandoverallnationalstrengthhavebeenconstantlyenhanced.Withvarioussocialundertakingsdevelopinginfullswing,theChinesepeopleasawholehavemadethehistoricalleapfromsubsistencetomodestprosperity.Inthecourseof25yearsbetween1978and2003,China'seconomygrewbyanaverageannualrateof9.4percent,withitsGDP,foreigntradeandforeignexchangereservesjumpingfrom147.3billionUSdollars,20.6billionUSdollarsand167millionUSdollarstoover1.4trillionUSdollars,851.2billionUSdollarsand403.3billionUSdollarsrespectively.Chinanowistheworld'ssixthlargesteconomyandthefourthlargesttrader.ThereasonwhyChinahasproducedsuchtremendouschangesiswehaveadheredtotheroadofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandperseveredinreformandopening-up,thusgalvanizingtheChinesepeople'sinitiative,enthusiasmandcreativity.

ThoughChinahasachievedimpressiveresultsinitsdevelopment,therearestillmanyacuteproblems,suchasoverpopulation,weakeconomicfoundation,underdevelopedproductivity,highlyunevendevelopment,andafairlysharpcontradictionbetweenthecountry'secologicalenvironmentandnaturalresourcesontheonehandanditseconomicandsocialdevelopmentontheother.China'spercapitaGDP,thoughreachingtherecordhighof1,000USdollarslastyear,stillranksbehindthe100thplaceintheworld.TomakeChina'smodernizationprogramasuccessanddeliveraprosperouslifeforalltheChinesepeoplestillrequiresalonganduphillbattle.

Wehavealreadysetacleargoalforthefirst20yearsofthiscentury.Namely,inbuildingawell-offsocietyofahigherstandardinanall-roundwayforthebenefitofwelloveronebillionChinesepeople,wewillquadruplethe2000GDPto4trillionUSdollarswithapercapitaGDPof3,000USdollars,furtherdeveloptheeconomy,improvedemocracy,advancescienceandeducation,enrichculture,fostergreatersocialharmonyandupgradethetextureoflifeforthepeople.

Overthepastquarterofcentury,asocialistmarketeconomyhastakenshapeandanopeneconomyhascomeintobeingamid/thanksto/asaresultofChina'ssteadfast/ongoingcommitmenttoreformandopeningup.Duringthistimeframe,productivityandoverallnationalstrengthofChinahavebeenontherise,socialprogramshaveprogressedacrosstheboard,andthepeoplehavewitnessed/experienced/embracedahistoricleapfrogfromadecentlifetooneofmoderateprosperity.Overthe25yearsbetween1978and2003,China'seconomyrecordedanaverageannualgrowthrateof9.4%,anditsGDPsurgedtoUS$1.4trillionfromUS$147.3billion.

Thepast25yearsalsosawChina'stotalforeigntradeshootupfrom