考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習(xí)一

考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習(xí)一Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]OnthefirstMondayafterthesecondWednesdayinDecember,theelectorswhohavebeenchoseninNovemberassembleintheirrespectivestatecapitalstosignaltheirpreference.Thefuturepresidentandvice-presidentmustreceiveatleast270electoralvotes,amajorityofthetotalof538,towin.Membersoftheelectoralcollegehavethemoral,butnotthelegal,obligationtovoteforthecandidatewhowonthepopularvoteintheirstate.Thismoralimperative,plusthefactthatelectorsaremembersofthesamepoliticalpartyasthepresidentialcandidatewinningthepopularvote,ensuresthattheoutcomeintheelectoralcollegeisavalidreflectionofthepopularvoteinNovember.[B]Itisevenpossibleforsomeonetowinthepopularvote,yetlostthepresidencytoanothercandidate.How?Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.[C]TheelectoralcollegewascreatedinresponsetoaproblemencounteredduringtheConstitutionalConventionof1787,wheredelegatesweretryingtodeterminethebestwaytochoosethepresident.TheframersoftheConstitutionintendedthattheelectors,abodyofmenchosenfortheirwisdom,shouldcometogetherandchooseonbehalfofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalpartiesguaranteedthattheelectoralofthepeople.Infact,theswiftriseofpoliticalguaranteedthattheelectoralsystemneverworkedastheframershadintended;instead,nationalparties,i.e.nationwidealliancesoflocalinterests,quicklycametodominatetheelectioncampaigns.Theelectorsbecamemerefigureheadsrepresentingthestatebranchesofthepartieswhogotthemchosen,andtheirvoteswerepredeterminedandpredictable.[D]Howaretheelectorschosen?Althoughthereissomevariationamongstatesinhowelectorsareappointed,generallytheyarechosenbythepopularvote,alwaysonthefirstTuesdayafterthefirstMondayinNovember.Eachpoliticalpartyinastatechoosesastateoflocalworthiestobemembersoftheelectoralcollegeiftheparty’spresidentialcandidatewinsatleastapluralityofthepopularvoteinthestate.[E]Howisthenumberofelectorsdecided?EverystatehasoneelectorforeachsenatorandrepresentativeitsendstoCongress.Stateswithgreaterpopulationsthereforehavemoreelectorsintheelectoralcollege.Allstateshaveatleast3electors,butCalifornia,themostpopulousstate,has54.TheDistrictofColumbia,thoughnotastate,isalsoallowedtosendthreeelectors.[F]Howcanonewinthepopularvoteyetlosethepresidency?Let’ssimplifyforthesakeofargument:imaginethatinsteadof50statesAmericahadonlytwo.CaliforniaandMontana.NowsupposethatcandidateAwinsinCaliforniaby9,000,500votesto9,000,400;the100-votemarginstillgiveshim54electors.ButthencandidateAlosesinMontanaby201,000to205,000,candidateBgetsMontana’selectoralvotes.ThetotalnumberofvotesforAis9,210,500andforB,9,205,400;yetA,with54electoralvotesoutof57,winstheelection![G]America’selectiondayis7November.Onthedaycitizenswhowishtowillcasttheirballotsforthepresidentialcandidatetheyprefer.Theresultofthisprocessiscalledthepopularvote,andthesedaysthewinnerofthepopularvoteisusuallyknownshortlyafterthepollsclose.However,notoneofthevotescastonElectionDayactuallygoesdirectlytoaparticularcandidate.Order:G→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.［試題分析］這篇文章共分7段，[G]段和[F]段已分別被定為篇首段與篇尾段。[G]段介紹了美國的大選日，并說每個(gè)投票的人都可以把票投給所喜歡的人，這叫普選。又說在普選中實(shí)際上沒有一張票是直接投向具體的候選人的。[F]段解釋了為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)假選人在普選中獲勝卻得不到總統(tǒng)職位的原因，并舉了例子加以說明。從首尾兩段可以看出這是一篇介紹美國總統(tǒng)選舉的文章，其中解釋了一些美國特有的選取舉辦法。[G]段末尾說，在普選中，實(shí)際上沒有一張票是直接投向具體候選人的。這必然后引起人們的好奇。[B]段則繼續(xù)講了一個(gè)更驚人的情況：某候選人在普選中獲勝，但總統(tǒng)寶座卻讓別人得去了。顯然[B]段是[G]段的繼續(xù)，所以[B]段排在[G]段后，是41題的答案。[B]段說，How?Ithastodowiththeelectoralcollege.[C]段開頭說，Theelectoralcollegewascreated…首尾呼應(yīng)，表示[C]段應(yīng)接在[B]段后，是42題的答案。[C]段介紹了electoralcollege（選舉團(tuán)）的情況。成立選舉團(tuán)的初衷是：選出一些智囊人士，集中在一起組成選舉團(tuán)代表民意進(jìn)行總統(tǒng)選舉。實(shí)際上選舉團(tuán)從未像憲法制定者們希望的那樣運(yùn)作，他們被一些黨派操縱，他們成了各州黨派的代言人，他們的選票是預(yù)先定好了的。[E]段進(jìn)一步講了選舉團(tuán)的人員構(gòu)成情總，所以是[C]段的繼續(xù)，應(yīng)排在[C]段后，是43題的答案。[D]段進(jìn)一步進(jìn)了選舉團(tuán)成員是怎么選出來的。他們是由在某州的普選中得票多的總統(tǒng)候選人所在的政黨，在該州內(nèi)挑選出的當(dāng)?shù)氐慕艹鋈藫Q。顯然[D]段應(yīng)排在[E]段后，是44題的答案。[A]段講選舉進(jìn)行的具體情況，及選舉中獲勝當(dāng)總統(tǒng)的條件。[F]段以實(shí)便解釋了為什么某候選人在普選中獲勝卻得不到總統(tǒng)職位的原因，也回答了[B]段提出的問題，足以說明[A]段在[F]段前，是45題的答案。［答案］41.[B]42.[C]43.[E]44.[D]45.[A]考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習(xí)二Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.[A]Asanxiety-makers,examinationsaresecondtonone.Thatisbecausesomuchdependsonthem.Theyarethemarkofsuccessorfailureinoursociety.Yourwholefuturemaybedecidedinonefatefulday.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouweren’tfeelingverywell,orthatyourmotherdied.Littlethingslikethatdon’tcount;theexamgoeson.Noonecangiveoffhisbestwhenheisinmortalterror,orafterasleeplessnight,yetthisispreciselywhattheexaminationsystemexpectshimtodo.[B]Theresultsonwhichsomuchdependsareoftennothingmorethanasubjectiveassessmentbysomeanonymousexaminer.Examinersareonlyhuman.Theygettiredandhungry;theymakemistakes.Yettheyhavetomarkstacksofhastilyscrawledscriptsinalimitedamountoftime.Theyworkunderthesamesortofpressureasthecandidates.Andtheirwordcarriesweight.Afterajudge’sdecisionyouhavetherightofappeal,butnotafteranexaminer’s.[C]Theylowerthestandardsofteaching,fortheydeprivetheteacherofallfreedoms.Teachersthemselvesareoftenjudgedbyexaminationresultsandinsteadofteachingtheirsubjects,theyarereducedtotrainingtheirstudentsinexamtechniqueswhichtheydespise.Themostsuccessfulcandidatesarenotalwaysthebesteducated;theyarethebesttrainedinthetechniqueofworkingunderduress.[D]Themomentachildbeginsschool,heentersaworldofviciouscompetitionwheresuccessandfailureareclearlydefinedandmeasured.Canwewonderattheincreasingnumberof‘drop-outs’;youngpeoplewhoarewrittenoffasutterfailuresbeforetheyhaveevenembarkedonacareer?Canwebesurprisedatthesuiciderateamongstudents?[E]Agoodeducationshould,amongotherthings,trainyoutothinkforyourself.Theexaminationsystemdoesanythingbutthat.Whathastobelearntisrigidlylaiddownbyasyllabus,sothestudentisencouragedtomemorize.Examinationsdonotmotivateastudenttoreadwidely,buttorestricthisreading;theydonotenablehimtoseekmoreandmoreknowledge,butinducecramming.[F]Theremustsurelybemanysimplerandmoreeffectivewaysofassessingaperson’strueabilities.Isitcynicaltosuggestthatexaminationsaremerelyaprofitablebusinessfortheinstitutionsthatrunthem?Thisiswhatitboilsdowntointhelastanalysis.Thebestcommentonthesystemisthisilliteratemessagerecentlyscrawledonawall:“Iwereateenagedrop-outandnowIamateenagemillionaire.”[G]Wemightmarvelattheprogressmadeineveryfieldofstudy,butthemethodsoftestingaperson’sknowledgeandabilityremainasprimitiveasevertheywere.Itreallyisextraordinarythatafteralltheseyearseducationistshavestillfailedtodeviceanythingmoreefficientandreliablethanexaminations.Forallthepiousclaimthatexaminationstestwhatyouknow,itiscommonknowledgethattheymoreoftendotheexactopposite.Theymaybeagoodmeansoftestingmemory,ortheknackofworkingrapidlyunderextremepressure,buttheycantellyounothingaboutaperson’strueabilityandaptitude.Order:G→41.→42.→43.→44.→45.→F［試題分析］這篇文章共有7段落，其中[G]和[F]段已分別確定為篇首段和篇尾段。[G]段說，對(duì)研究領(lǐng)域所取得的成果我們都可能發(fā)出贊嘆，但是測試人的知識(shí)和能力的考試仍然像以往那樣原始。令人不可理解的是經(jīng)過了這么多年教育家們還沒有找到更有效、更可靠的方法，仍然依賴考試。盡管有人聲考試是為了測試你所學(xué)到的東西，但實(shí)際上人們都知道考試的結(jié)果適得其反。從[G]段可以看出作者對(duì)考試是否定態(tài)度的。[F]段說，要想測試一個(gè)人真正的能力肯定有更為簡單、更為有效的方法。作者甚至認(rèn)為考試機(jī)構(gòu)舉辦考試只不過是為了賺錢罷了。根據(jù)首尾兩段，可以看出本篇文章是談?wù)摽荚嚕⑶易髡呤遣幌矚g這種測試形式的，了解了這兩點(diǎn)對(duì)重新安排段落的次序很在幫助。[A]段說，考試的最大作用就是制造焦慮，因此考試維系著許多重大事伯，有可能一個(gè)人的未來就由幾次考試來決定。不管你當(dāng)時(shí)心情不好，或你的母親剛剛?cè)ナ?，考試還是照舊進(jìn)行。當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于極度恐慌是經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)不眠之夜后，他是不可能發(fā)揮出最佳水平的。這一段緊接[G]段，訴說考試的弊端，街接緊密，所以[A]段是41題的答案。[A]段指出了考試的弊端，下面一段有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)陳述考試的壞處或缺點(diǎn)，從余下的4段中找到[D]段。其中說到，孩子們從踏進(jìn)校門的那一刻起就陷入殘酷的競爭。在這種競爭中，成功和失敗界限分明。對(duì)那些還沒有開始自己的事業(yè)就被社會(huì)定為失敗的人而輟學(xué)，你會(huì)感到驚訝嗎？面對(duì)居高不下的學(xué)生自殺率你會(huì)吃驚嗎？[D]段接著數(shù)落考試的弊病，所以42題的答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是[D]。[E]段說，一種好的教育應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)人們的獨(dú)立思考能力，而考試制度卻不是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生去獨(dú)立思考，大綱規(guī)定了學(xué)生要學(xué)的東西，并鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生去死記硬背?？荚囅拗屏藢W(xué)生的閱讀量，考試鼓勵(lì)填鴨式教學(xué)。[C]段說，他們降低了教育水準(zhǔn)，因?yàn)樗麄儎儕Z了教師們的自由。因?yàn)閷W(xué)生的考試成績也是評(píng)判老師教學(xué)效果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以教師不是教授課程，而是把教學(xué)簡化成訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的考試技巧。結(jié)果最成功的應(yīng)試者不是知識(shí)最豐富的人，而是被迫掌握考試技巧最為熟練的人。[E]段與[C]段以講教學(xué)為主，著墨在教師身上。很明顯[C]段應(yīng)排在[E]段之后，所以[E]段是43題的答案，[C]段是44題的答案。[B]段講，結(jié)果至關(guān)重要的考試只不過是某個(gè)匿名主考官的主觀評(píng)價(jià)。主考官們也是人，他們會(huì)累、會(huì)餓，也會(huì)出錯(cuò)，但是他們必須在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)判定寫得亂糟糟的試卷。前面講了考試、學(xué)生、教師，這段講考試的主考官，最后一段又講，相信有一種更簡單、更有效的測試方法，所以很顯然[B]段應(yīng)該在[F]段之前，所以[B]段應(yīng)該是45題的答案。［答案］41.[A]42.[D]43.[E]44.[C]45.[B]考研英語段落排序題全真模擬練習(xí)三Directions：

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41—45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA—Etofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]“Ijustdon’tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We’reinabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.Infact,we’llprobablyhavetolaysomepeopleoffinthenearfuture.It’shardformetomakethejobinterestingandchallengingbecauseitisn’t—it’sboring,routinepaperwork,andthereisn’tmuchyoucandoaboutit.”[B]“Finally,Ican’tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit’snottrue.Iftheirperformanceisadequate,mostaremorelikelytogetpromotedjustbystayingontheforceacertainnumberofyearsthanforsomespecificoutstandingact.Second,theyweretrainedtodothejobtheydooutinthestreets,nottofilloutforms.Allthroughtheircareeritisthearrestsandinterventionsthatgetnoticed.”[C]“I’vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat.Theyseemtolikethecontacttheyhavewiththepublic,theactioninvolvedincrimeprevention,andtheapprehensionofcriminals.Theyalsolikehelpingpeopleoutatfires,accidents,andotheremergencies.”[D]“Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.However,weknowthat’snotfair—toomanyotherthingsareinvolved.Badpaperworkincreasesthechancethatyouloseincourt,butgoodpaperworkdoesn’tnecessarilymeanyou’llwin.Wetriedsettingupteamcompetitionsbasedontheexcellenceofthereports,buttheguyscaughtontothatprettyquickly.Noonewasgettinganytypeofrewardforwinningthecompetition,andtheyfiguredwhyshouldtheylaborwhentherewasnopayoff.”[E]“Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothepaperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.Thislackofattentionhurtsuslateronwhenwegettocourt.Weneedclear,factualreports.Theymustbehighlydetailedandunambiguous.Assoonasonepartofareportisshowntobeinadequateorincorrect,therestofthereportissuspect.Poorreportingprobablycausesustolosemorecasesthananyotherfactor.”[F]“SoIjustdon’tknowwhattodo.I’vebeengropinginthedarkinanumberofyears.AndIhopethatthisseminarwillshedsomelightonthisproblemofmineandhelpmeoutinmyfuturework.”[G]“Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation--howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.Thedifficultyofapolicecaptainbecamethecentralfocusofthediscussion.”O(jiān)rder:

G→41.

→42.

→43.

→44.

→45.

→F［答案］：41-45CEABD步驟一、理解給定的段落確定文章的文體與結(jié)構(gòu)。理解給定的段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時(shí)包含段尾句)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注動(dòng)作內(nèi)容。第G段：Alargemetropolitancitygovernmentwasputtingonanumberofseminarsforadministrators,managersand/orexecutivesofvariousdepartmentsthroughoutthecity.Atoneofthesesessionsthetopictobediscussedwasmotivation--howwecangetpublicservantsmotivatedtodoagoodjob.利用名詞主體論動(dòng)作決定論提煉信息為：wasputtingonanumberofseminars“舉行一系列的論壇”；thetopictobediscussedwasmotivation“供討論的主題是主動(dòng)性”.表明該段敘述“議題”，確定本文是議論文。步驟二、理解供排序的段落確定段落的內(nèi)容方向。理解供排序段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時(shí)包含段尾句)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注動(dòng)作內(nèi)容。第A段：“Ijustdon’tknowhowtomotivatethemtodoabetterjob.We’reinabudgetcrunchandIhaveabsolutelynofinancialrewardsatmydisposal.利用名詞主體論動(dòng)作決定論提煉信息為：motivatethemtodoabetterjob“鼓勵(lì)他們作好工作”；budgetcrunch“預(yù)算危機(jī)”；nofinancialrewards“經(jīng)濟(jì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”.表明該段敘述“(自己的)對(duì)策”第B段：“Finally,Ican’tsaytothemthattheirpromotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.Firstofall,theyknowit’snottrue.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：promotionswillhingeontheexcellenceoftheirpaperwork.“升職與文字工作的好壞有關(guān)”。表明該段敘述“(自己的)對(duì)策”第C段：“I’vegotarealproblemwithmyofficers.Theycomeontheforceasyoung,inexperiencedmen,andwesendthemoutonthestreet,eitherincarsoronabeat.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：realproblem“實(shí)質(zhì)問題”sendthemoutonthestreet“派他們到街上”。表明該段敘述“問題(派出去)”第D段：“Somepeoplehavesuggestedanumberofthingslikeusingconvictionrecordsasaperformancecriterion.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：Somepeople“一些人”；suggested“建議”；performancecriterion“評(píng)價(jià)表現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。表明該段敘述“(他人的)對(duì)策”第E段：“Theproblemoccurswhentheygetbacktothestation.Theyhatetodothepaperwork,andbecausetheydislikeit,thejobisfrequentlyputoffordoneinadequately.利用名詞主體論提煉信息為：problem“問題”；getbacktothestation“回到警察局”。表明該段敘述“問題(回局里)”步驟三、按照文章結(jié)構(gòu)及段落內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確排序。利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合以各個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確將段落排序。因此：正確的順序?yàn)镃—E---A---B---D解題理論分析：名詞主體論---結(jié)構(gòu)決定論名詞主體論：段落的主要內(nèi)容和大意體現(xiàn)在段落的主題句中，而且，句子的內(nèi)容體現(xiàn)在句子的主語、賓語主體上。因此，為了提高解題效率，考生可以通過句子的主語和賓語的名詞把握句子、段落或篇章的含義。即，名詞主體論。結(jié)構(gòu)決定論：段落排序題的文章結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)與閱讀理解大體一致，一般來說，有六種相對(duì)固定的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。因此，在利用名詞主題論理解每個(gè)段落內(nèi)容之后，可以利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，將段落準(zhǔn)確排序。常見的文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序包含：一.議論文1.議題---問題---原因---對(duì)策2.議題---問題---對(duì)策---結(jié)論(未來)3.議題---問題---對(duì)策---結(jié)論(過去)4.反面話題---駁斥觀點(diǎn)---原因---觀點(diǎn)—展望未來二.說明文1.積極事物---優(yōu)點(diǎn)---缺點(diǎn)---展望未來2.消極事物---缺點(diǎn)---優(yōu)點(diǎn)---回顧過去三.敘事文按照時(shí)間先后順序排序。包含時(shí)間，時(shí)態(tài)和動(dòng)作。解題步驟分析：步驟一、理解給定的段落確定文章的文體與結(jié)構(gòu)。理解給定的段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時(shí)包含段尾句)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注動(dòng)作內(nèi)容。步驟二、理解供排序的段落確定段落的內(nèi)容方向。理解供排序段落內(nèi)容(段落中間有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，看轉(zhuǎn)折詞所在句；無轉(zhuǎn)折詞看段首句、第二句，有時(shí)包含段尾句)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注動(dòng)作內(nèi)容。步驟三、按照文章結(jié)構(gòu)及段落內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確排序。利用文章結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)合以各個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)確將段落排序。英語段落排序題解題技巧第一節(jié)大綱分析及樣題解讀閱讀理解新題型——排序題大綱：大綱所列的第二種備選題型實(shí)際上是一種純純粹粹的排序題。在一篇長度約500～600詞的文章中，各段落的原有順序已被打亂。要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)將所列段落（7～8個(gè)）重新排序，其中2～3個(gè)段落在文章中的位置已給出。這樣的題型要求考生在閱讀各個(gè)段落的同時(shí)一定要把握住各個(gè)段落的中心思想，并將各段大意進(jìn)行整合，理清它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系。第二節(jié)排序題實(shí)用答題技巧一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)的總體特點(diǎn)一篇完整的文章首先要提出主題，即一個(gè)包含所寫的主旨要義，也叫中心思想。一般來說，一篇文章至少分三個(gè)層次：主題、中心思想和次中心思想?？忌鷳?yīng)從宏觀把握不同文體（記敘文、描寫文、說明文和議論文）的基本特征。a、記敘文行文思路事件的敘述連貫并符合邏輯，通常按照時(shí)間順序展開。事件之間通常使用一些過渡性詞語來連接。文中細(xì)節(jié)逐漸引向事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的高潮部分。b、描寫文：描寫文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是