Weleunitdiscoveringusefulstructures語法句子成分及句子結(jié)構(gòu)課件高中英語人教版

DiscoveringUsefulStructure句子成分及句子結(jié)構(gòu)Part1Whatmakesasentence?句子成分主語S(subject)

謂語V(verb)表語P(predicative)賓語O(object)定語(attribute)狀語A(adverbial)賓補(bǔ)C(objectcomplement)Wemadehimourmonitoryesterday.Sallyisahard-workinggirl.

句子成分是什么？包括什么？主謂賓表定補(bǔ)狀句子成分=組成句子的各個成分。Hi!Hi!Imake

new

friendshere!Imakenewfriendshere.Canyouanalysethestructureofthissentence?主語謂語動詞賓語Iloveyou.Youloveme.loveiseverything.Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.句子的主角，動作的發(fā)出者，可以是人，可以是物品S:主語找出主語：主語一般位于句子的

，動詞的

。一句話里

（能/不能）沒有主語。句首

前面

不能主語是謂語所表示動作或狀態(tài)的執(zhí)行者，是一個句子所敘述的主體。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式（短語）、動名詞（短語）或從句等都可作主語。名詞Theappleisred.

這個蘋果是紅色的。代詞Nobodycanhelpyoubutyourself.只有你自己才能幫助你。數(shù)詞Fourandfivemakesnine.四加五等于九。名詞化的形容詞Thesickandtheoldneedourhelp.病人和老人需要我們的幫助。不定式（短語）Tobecomeanurseismywish.成為一名護(hù)士是我的心愿。動名詞（短語）Runningisgoodforhealth.跑步有益于健康。從句Thatheforgottotellmethetimeforthemeetingcausedlotsoftrouble.他忘了告訴我會議的時(shí)間帶來了很多麻煩。S主語Subject用來描述主語的動作，狀態(tài)謂語通常是動詞。V:謂語找出謂語：Iloveyou.loveiseverything.Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.Ilikeswimmimg.謂語一般位于主語的

。一句話里

（能/不能）沒有謂語。謂語通常是

或

。后面不能動詞動詞短語1.Idon'tlikethisdirtyroom.

A.don'tlikeB.thisC.dirtyD.room2.Ifoundmyclassmateskindandfriendly.

A.foundB.classmatesC.kindD.friendly3.Therewillbealecturetomorrow.A.willbeB.thereC.lecture

D.tomorrow

找出謂語

Iloveyou.Theysenttheboytohospital.Ienjoyedlearning.Hedidnotwanttoleave.

是動作的對象或承受者位置：位于及物動詞之后/介詞之后（介賓、動賓）怎么判斷賓語？在介詞的

，在動詞的

。后面

后面O：賓語找出賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承受者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面?？梢杂米髻e語的有名詞(短語)、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、從句等。O賓語Object名詞Weloveourmotherland.

我們愛我們的祖國。代詞Wheredidyoubuythat?你在哪兒買的那個東西？數(shù)詞Ifyouput5and7together,you’llget12.如果你把5和7加起來，就會得到12。Isentyouaflower.Yougavemearing.

直接賓語（DO）和間接賓語（IO）找出直接賓語和間接賓語：雙賓：人是間接賓語，物是直接賓語人間物直Readthefollowingsentences

Thesunwasshining.

Themoonrose.

Theuniverseremains.

Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.

Who

cares?

Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.

Thepenwritessmoothly.主謂(SV)簡單句的基本句型

Whoknows

theanswer?

Shesmiled

herthanks.

Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.

Heenjoys

reading.

Theyate

whatwasleftover.

Hesaid

“Goodmorning”.

Iwant

tohaveacupoftea.

Headmitted

thathewasmistaken.2.主謂賓(SVO)簡單句的基本句型1.She

orderedherself

anewdress.2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.3.Hebroughtyou

adictionary.4.Hedeniesher

nothing.5.Ishowedhimmypictures.6.Igavemycarawash.7.Itold

him

thatthebuswaslate.8.Heshowed

me

howtorunthemachine.4.主謂雙賓(SVIODO)簡單句的基本句型三個基本句型：句型一：主＋謂句型二：主＋謂＋賓句型三：主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓1.Shecomes.2.Iloveher!3.Igaveheraflower.主語謂語主語謂語賓語主語謂語直接賓語間接賓語練一練翻譯：1.主＋謂：

老師進(jìn)來了。2.主＋謂＋賓：

老師看到小明。3.主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓：

老師給他一個懲罰（punishment）

1.位于系動詞之后,2.主語的“表現(xiàn)”說明主語“是什么”,“怎么樣”什么是系動詞：P：表語

1.Sheisbeautiful.2.Hervoicesoundsgreat!3.Shestayedhealthy.4.Ibecomefat.

1.位于系動詞之后,2.主語的“表現(xiàn)”說明主語“是什么”,“怎么樣”什么是系動詞：P：表語

1)be動詞：be(am,is,are)

2)感官動詞:3)表變化的動詞:4)表持續(xù)的動詞：

眼睛看look,

鼻子聞smell,嘴巴嘗taste,耳朵聽soundbecome,get,turn,go,grow

keep,stay名詞Pollutionfromcarshasbecomeamajorproblem.

來自汽車的污染已成了一個主要問題。代詞Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.七十四啦！你看起來不像。數(shù)詞Angelawasthefirsttoleave.安吉拉是第一個走的。形容詞Pleasefeelfreetosaywhatyoureallythink.請隨便談?wù)勀愕恼鎸?shí)想法吧。動名詞（短語）Wastingtimeiskillingyourself.浪費(fèi)時(shí)間就是自殺。說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、身份或狀態(tài),與連系動詞be,look,seem,appear,feel,taste,smell,sound,become,get,grow,turn,remain,keep,stay等一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。表語通常由名詞(短語)代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、動名詞(短語)、分(短語)或從句等充當(dāng)。P表語PredicativeMymotherisateacher.Iwanttokeephealthy.Themusicsoundsgreat.

Theleavesturngreeninspring.

找出表語

怎么判斷表語？通常在在

的后面

。系動詞

Thisis

anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.

Thedinnersmells

good.

Hefell

inlove.

Everythinglooks

different.

Heisgrowingtallandstrong.

Thetroubleis

thattheyareshortofmoney.

Ourwellhasgonedry.

Hisfaceturned

red.3.主系表(SP)簡單句的基本句型第四個基本句型：句型四：

主語+系動詞+表語1.Sheisbeautiful.2.Shelooksbeautiful.3.Istayedhealthy.練一練翻譯：主語+系動詞+表語1.這個男孩很帥。2.樹葉變綠了。主語系動詞表語

五種簡單句基本句型1.Shecomes.2.Sheisbeautiful.3.shegivesmeasmile.4.shemakesmehappy.5.Iloveher.主語謂語主語系動詞表語主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語主語謂語賓語句型一：主＋謂句型二：主＋系＋表句型三：主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓句型四：主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)句型五：主＋謂＋賓IsawmystudentCaiGuangruidancing

intheroomandhewashappy.說出下列句子的句子成分：主謂賓語主系表C賓補(bǔ)：補(bǔ)充說明賓語A：狀語表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、條件等狀語是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或句子的一種成分。它可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步或比較等。通常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)、形容詞、名詞(短語)、從句等充當(dāng)。Adv狀語Adverbial副詞TomspeaksEnglishveryfast.

湯姆英語說得很快。介詞短語ThemeetingisgoingtobeheldinRoom321tomorrowmorning.會議將于明天上午321房間舉行。不定式（短語）Iwenttheretoseemygrandmother.我到那里去看我奶奶。分詞（短語）Arrivingthere,callmeup.到了那里，給我打個電話。形容詞（短語）Hereturnedhome,safeandsound.他安然無恙地回家了。從句We’llgowherepeopleneedus.我們要去人民需要我們的地方。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Timepermitting,we’lltakeabreak.如果時(shí)間允許的話，我們就休息會兒。

He

runs

everymorning.

Theywereswimminginthesea.

Aliceshouldstudyhard.

Alice

swims

verywell.

Greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthepasttenyears.

He

talkedtoomuch.6.主謂狀(SVA)簡單句的基本句型

Ibought

abookyesterday.

Shelikes

dancingverymuch.

Ihadmyfirstmathsclassatseniorhighschool.7.主謂賓狀(SVOA)簡單句的基本句型賓語補(bǔ)足語是用來說明賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等的一種句子成分。賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成了復(fù)合賓語，它們在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。名詞(短語)、形容詞(短語)、副詞、介詞短語、不定式(短語)、分詞(短語)等皆可作補(bǔ)足語。C賓語補(bǔ)足語ObjectComplement形容詞Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.

我覺得這本書很有意思。分詞（短語）Hemadehimselfknowntothemfirst.他先向他們作了自我介紹。不定式（短語）Sheaskedmetolendherahand.她請我?guī)退话选?.主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)簡單句的基本句型

They

appointedhim

manager.

They

painted

the

doorgreen.

Thissetthem

thinking.

Theyfoundthehousedeserted.

Whatmakes

him

thinkso?

We

saw

him

out.

He

asked

metocomebacksoon.

Isaw

themgettingonthebus.

八種簡單句基本句型總結(jié)1.Shecomes.2.Sheisbeautiful.3.shegivesmeasmile.4.shemakesmehappy.5.Iloveher.主語謂語主語系動詞表語主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語主語謂語賓語句型一：主＋謂句型二：主＋系＋表句型三：主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓句型四：主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)句型五：主＋謂＋賓6.Iliveinthecountryside.7.Isawadoginthepark.8.Therearemanydogs.主語謂語狀語（表示地點(diǎn))therebe句型：表示“有”主語謂語賓語狀語（表示地點(diǎn))

Therearethreepeopleinmyuncle’sfamily.

Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.

Thereisn’taboyintheroom.

Therearen’tanybooksonthedesk.

There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.

There’saboysittingunderthetree.8.Therebe…簡單句的基本句型TherewillbeanEnglishtestnextMonday.Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.Therehasbeenabigtreeonthetopofthehill.Therehappenedtobesomemoneyinmypocket.Thereusedtobeachurchacrossfromthebank.Thereseemstobemoreandmorethingsforustoknowandstudy.Therebe句型中be的變體

Thereappears(tobe)somethingwrongwithher.

Thereexisteddifferentopinionsonthisproblem.

Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightpounds.TherestandsanoldtempleatthetopofthehillTherelivedanoldmanatthefootofthemountain.寫出畫線部分在句中所作的成分1.Afterthelecture,pleaseexchangeviewswithyourpartner.2.Whenyouregisteryourinformation,don'tforgettofillinyourname,sex(maleorfemale),age,andnationality.3.WelookforwardtovisitingtheEiffelTowerdesignedbyafamousdesigner.4.Afterregistration,thefreshmenwereanxioustovisitthecampus.5.Johndoesn'tplantogotoseniorhighschoolaftergraduatingfromjuniorhighschool.狀語A謂語動詞V謂語動詞V表語P賓語OPracticemakesperfect！寫出畫線部分在句中所作的成分6.Thatguyfeltawkwardbecausehehadmadeabadimpressiononothers.7.Thecompanyorganisedaresearchteamtoexplorenewtechnologiesbydoingexperiments.8.Jackcouldn'tconcentrateonthelecturewhenhetooknotesonhisfashcards.9.Toachieveyourlearninggoal,youmustreviseyourlearningstrategy.表語P

主語S賓語O賓語OReadthesentencesandanalysethestructures.

Hesmiled.Imadeaplan.Sheiskind.Heshowedushispictures.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Herunsfast.Imetanoldfriendinthestreet.Thereisabigtree.主謂(SV)主謂賓

(SVO)主系表

(SP)主謂雙賓(SVIODO)主謂賓賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)主謂狀

(SVA)主謂賓狀(SVOA)存現(xiàn)句(Therebe…)簡單句The100-year-oldschoolliesinthecentreofthecity.Wemustact.Themathshomeworklookseasy.Theteacherfoundthecl