仁愛版中考英語四輪總復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)05.謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致(學(xué)生版+解析)

第五講謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)歷來是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查雖多，但考向非常集中，最?？嫉氖且话氵^去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其次是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其他時(shí)態(tài)考查相對較少。因此備考重點(diǎn)是：①動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法②動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的基本用法③主謂一致考點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)(以動(dòng)詞do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)一般時(shí)do/doesdidshall/willdo、begoingtodo進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoingwas/weredoing完成時(shí)have/hasdonehaddone1.一般時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.我們一日吃三餐。②表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)及自然現(xiàn)象。Thesunsetsinthewest.太陽從西方落下。③在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime.有時(shí)間我會(huì)寫信給她。(2)一般過去時(shí)①表示過去發(fā)生的一次性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Weoftenplayedbasketballtogether.我們(過去)經(jīng)常在一起打籃球。②時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，若主句用了過去將來時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。Hesaidhewouldtellherthenewsassoonashemether.他說他一見到她就把這個(gè)消息告訴她。(3)一般將來時(shí)①“will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即單純的將來事實(shí)。IshallcallyouassoonasIarrive.我一到就給你打電話。TheywillprobablygotoShanghaifortheirholiday.他們可能去上海度假。②一般將來時(shí)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)·用于“Iexpect,I’msure,Ithink,Iwonder＋賓語從句”中·用于“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”中·與表示時(shí)間或條件的狀語從句連用Don’tworryabouttheexam.I’msureyou’llpass.不要擔(dān)心這次考試，我確信你會(huì)通過的。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請他幫忙，他會(huì)幫助你的。③表示一般將來時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)·begoingtodosth表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.他今晚要在電視上講話。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.看這些烏云，要下雨了。Whenareyoutoleave/leavingforhome?你什么時(shí)候回家？1.Beforethesun,weneedtogettothetopofthemountain.

A.set B.sets C.issetting D.willset2.—Idon'tknowwhenhetheairporttomorrow.IfIgethisflightnumber,Iwillletyouknow.

—OK.Thankyou.A.reached B.willreachC.wasreaching D.reaches3.—Whatdidourgeographyteachersay?—Shetoldusthattheeartharoundthesun.

A.moves B.movedC.hasmoved D.wasmoving2．進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞)①表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heisworkingonapaper.他在寫一篇論文。②表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，come，start，leave，arrive，begin，return等。I’mleavingforBeijingnextmonth.我下個(gè)月要去北京。(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他在讀一本有趣的書。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has＋過去分詞)①表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(甚至到將來)。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有：lately，recently，inthelast(past)fewdays/years，sincethen，uptonow，sofar等。Inthepastfewyears，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.在過去的幾年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。②表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果。常用的狀語有：already，ever，just(剛剛)，yet等。Hehasturnedoffthelight.(＝Thelightisoffnow.)他已經(jīng)關(guān)掉燈了。③在“最高級＋名詞”或“It/Thisis＋the＋序數(shù)詞＋time”之后的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.這是我第一次來這里。【易混辨析】havegoneto意為“去某地了”，表示此人現(xiàn)在還在那里沒有回來。havebeento意為“去過某地”，表示此人已經(jīng)回來了。1.—Ourcomputerisworkingagain!—Yes.OurITteacherit.Ittookhimaboutanhour.

A.hasfixed B.willfixC.isfixing D.wasfixing2.—Theairhereismuchfresherthanbefore.—Exactly!Wealotoftreesinthepastfewyears.

A.planted B.wereplantingC.haveplanted D.willplant3.—It'stenyearssincewecamehere.—Howtimeflies!WeinChinaforsolong.

A.work B.workedC.willwork D.haveworked考點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.(2021福建,28)Hurryup!Mr.Brownforusinthemeetingroomatthemoment.

A.iswaitingB.willwaitC.waited2.(2020福建,25)HanMei,agoodfriendofmine,mealotwithmyEnglishinthepastthreeyears.

A.helpsB.helpedC.hashelped3.(2019福建,32)—Look!Mymotheranewdressforme.

—Wow,itlooksveryniceonyou.A.ismakingB.hasmadeC.willmake4.(2018福建,30)Chinagreatachievementsinscienceandtechnologysince1978.

A.makes B.made C.hasmade5.(2017福建,26)—DoyouknowtheColorRun,afive-kilometerrace?—Yes.Sofaritintoquiteafewcitiesinourcountry.

A.comes B.came C.hascome6.(2021南平二模,32)—Whendidyouruncleleavehishometown?—Hefornearlytwentyyears.

A.left B.hasleft C.hasbeenaway7.(2021莆田二模,33)Recently,Chinagreatvictoriesinitsfightagainstpoverty(貧困).

A.win B.haswon C.hadwon8.(2021福州二模,34)Eventhoughthesnowstormisonitsway,itadayortwotoreachourcity.

A.takes B.willtake C.hastaken9.(2020福建,88)Rice(be)alwaysthemainfoodfortheChinese.

10.(2021寧德二模,85)Theox/ple?z/animportantpartinChineseculture.

考點(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞變化1.(2020福建,83)However,itwastheKingofFrogs(青蛙)thatshe/k??t/.

2.(2019福建,87)WithCaiLun’spapermakingmethod,Chineseculture/ɡru?/morerapidlyoverthenextseveralcenturies.

3.(2021福州二模,83)They/θ??t/itwouldn’tbefoundforanother30—50years.

4.(2021寧德二模,82)Butwhywastheox/?t???zn/tobeoneofthe12Chinesezodiacsigns(生肖)?

53綜合練1.(2021江蘇蘇州,6改編)ThedocumentaryAPlasticOceanissoimpressivethatIitseveraltimessofar.

A.watched B.watch C.havewatched2.(2021湖北武漢,29改編)—Weverysimplyanddonotspendmuchmoneyonfood.

—That’swhyyou’recalledtheGreens.A.eat B.ate C.willeat3.(2021安徽,27改編)—Ourcomputerisworkingagain!—Yes.OurITteacherit.Ittookhimaboutanhour.

A.hasfixed B.willfix C.wasfixing4.(2021北京,7改編)—Peter,whatareyoudoing?—Oh,Iareportaboutnationalheroes.

A.willwrite B.amwriting C.havewritten5.(2021海南,34)—Jerry,canyougivemeahand?—Justaminute.Iane-mail.

A.havesent B.amsending C.wassending6.(2021河北,35改編)IsawBobinthegarden.Heflowersthere.

A.haswatered B.iswatering C.waswatering7.(2021黑龍江齊齊哈爾,5)I’msorryIdidn’tansweryourcallbecauseIonline.

A.wasstudying B.studied C.amstudying8.(2021云南,34改編)ThedocumentaryAerialChina(《航拍中國》)iswonderful.Sofar,Iitthreetimes.

A.watched B.willwatch C.havewatched9.(2021吉林,31)Mr.Greenanewbikeforhisdaughtertomorrow.

A.buys B.bought C.willbuy10.(2021江西,26改編)—Howdoweturnontheoven?—Iyou;weren’tyoulistening?

A.tell B.amtelling C.havetold11.(2021四川成都,34)Thespiritoftheox(牛)animportantroleforChina’sdevelopmentthisyear.

A.isplaying B.wasplaying C.played12.(2021遼寧本溪,13改編)—Theclassroomissoquiet.—Yes,allthestudentsforthefinalexam.

A.prepared B.willprepare C.arepreparing13.(2021江蘇南京,6改編)IsawJuliainAprilandIhersincethen.

A.don’tsee B.didn’tsee C.haven’tseen14.(2021內(nèi)蒙古包頭,31改編)—DidyouseeDorothy?Shejustcamebackfromabroad.—Yes.Butshesomeone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.

A.phones B.isphoning C.wasphoning15.(2021天津,31改編)—WhereisMum?—Inthelivingroom.Sheabookatthemoment.

A.wasreading B.isreading C.hasread考點(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)和句子時(shí)態(tài)的不同而變化。現(xiàn)在過去將來一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedone進(jìn)行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendone2.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義(1)“系動(dòng)詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste等＋形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thesteelfeelscold.鋼摸起來很涼。(2)動(dòng)詞need,require,want,beworth后加動(dòng)詞－ing形式的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。Mywatchcan’twork;itneedsrepairing.我的手表不能用了，需要修了。1.(2021福建,31)Manyresearchlabsinthenext5yearstodevelopscienceandtechnologyinChina.

A.arebuildingB.willbebuiltC.werebuilt2.(2020福建,32)—Yourhometownisfamousfortea,right?—Yes.Nowteaplantsonmostmountainshere.

A.willgrowB.aregrownC.weregrown3.(2019福建,34)Asoneofthemostexcitingsports,volleyballintheOlympicGamesin1964.

A.includedB.isincludedC.wasincluded4.(2018福建,32)Paper-makingbytheChineseintheWesternHanDynasty(朝代).

A.isinventedB.inventedC.wasinvented5.(2017福建,31)ElevenChinesefilmsduringthe7thChineseFilmFestivalinFrancelastmonth.

A.showedB.areshownC.wereshown6.(2021福州二模,31)TheLunarNewYearnotonlybytheChinesebutalsobytheJapanese.

A.iscelebrated B.wascelebrated C.willbecelebrated7.(2021寧德二模,27)The2022WinterOlympicsinChina.IhopetheChineseathleteswillwinmoremedalsforourcountry.

A.held B.areheld C.willbeheld8.(2021廈門二模,30)AngLeeforalifetimeachievement(成就)awardbyOscar.

A.praises B.ispraised C.haspraised9.(2021龍巖二模,33)—Perfectphotos!—Thankyou.TheybymyHUAWEImobilephone.

A.took B.weretaken C.willbetaken10.(2021福建,81)TaichiisasymbolofChineseculture.Itwasfirst(develop)inChinaaswushu,butit’sbecomingoneofthemostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.

11.(2017福建,91)Itiscelebratedontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.It’salso(call)theDoubleNinthFestival.

綜合練1.(2021江蘇揚(yáng)州,13改編)—Dowehavetoreadanythingnextweek,Mr.Wu?—Sure.YoutoreadBlackBeautyfrompage58to85.

A.wereexpected B.willexpect C.areexpected2.(2021湖北武漢,31改編)—DidyounoticethestudentsafewwhyquestionsinMr.Zhang’sclass?

—Yes,Ithinkhewantedtotraintheirabilitiesofdeepthinking.A.areasked B.havebeenasked C.wereasked3.(2021北京,11改編)Today,manywinterOlympicsportsevenbychildren.

A.enjoy B.wereenjoyed C.areenjoyed4.(2021海南,37)TheplayTeahousebythefamousChinesewriterLaoShe.

A.wrote B.waswriting C.waswritten5.(2021河北,39改編)Thesegiftsbychildrenintheirlastsummerholiday.

A.made B.weremade C.aremade6.(2021吉林,33)—Let’seatsomesnacks.—Betternot.Eatinginthelibrary.

A.arenotallowedB.doesn’tallow C.isnotallowed7.(2021江西,28改編)ThemandidagreatjobinfightingagainstCOVID-19.HeonTVandbecomeswidelyknown.

A.hasinterviewedB.wasinterviewed C.willbeinterviewed8.(2021遼寧本溪,9改編)Thevideosaboutcookingtellushowfood.

A.makes B.ismade C.wasmade9.(2021內(nèi)蒙古包頭,34改編)TeafromChinabegantobesentabroadmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenittotheworld.

A.wasknown B.isknown C.hasbeenknown10.(2021江蘇南京,9改編)Ourschoollibrarywithplants,lovelydesksandchairs,soIfeelrelaxedwhilestudyingorreadingthere.

A.decorates B.decorated C.isdecorated考點(diǎn)3主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。一、語法一致原則主語和謂語通常是在語法形式上取得一致,即主語是單數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞或both...and...連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。TomandMikearegoodfriends.Tom和Mike是好朋友。BothLucyandLilyarestudents.Lucy和Lily都是學(xué)生。2.either,neither,eachone,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行車有什么毛病嗎?Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都為運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)做好了準(zhǔn)備。3.each,each...andeach...,every...andevery...作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都收到了一本新書。4.在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。A+togetherwithalongwith(或with)1.Theboytogetherwithhisparentsgoestothemuseumonceaweek.那個(gè)男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物館。2.Thecaptain,aswellastheotherplayers,wastired.隊(duì)長還有其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員都感到累了。3.Thewallet,withtheIDcardandmoney,waslost.錢包,連同身份證和錢,都丟了。5.“one,everyone,eachone,anyone,each,either,neither等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.每個(gè)學(xué)生都在用功學(xué)習(xí)。Neitherofthegirlsispretty.這兩個(gè)女孩兒都不漂亮。6.“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“許多/大量……”,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意為“……的數(shù)量”,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Anumberoftreesarecutdown.許多樹被砍倒了。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis32.我們班學(xué)生人數(shù)為32。7.“alotof/lotsof/plentyof/mostof+名詞”和“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于名詞,如果是不可數(shù)名詞,則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Lotsofpeoplehavebeentherebefore.以前很多人去過那兒。MostofthecomputersareboughtfromBeijing.大部分電腦都是從北京買來的。Two-thirdsofthewaterhasbeenpolluted.三分之二的水已經(jīng)被污染了。8.由“apair/akind...+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;“pairs/kinds...+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.桌子上有一副太陽鏡。Fifteenpairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天制作15雙鞋。9.某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants等)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mypantsarewornout.我的褲子穿壞了。10.不定式或v.-ing形式作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Readingislearning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①EveryoneexceptTomandJohn(be)therewhenthemeetingbegan.

②Neitherofthetwobrothers(live)withtheirparents.

③Playingbaseball(be)Dale’sfavouritesport.

二、意義一致原則意義一致又叫概念一致,即謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語所表達(dá)的概念。1.集體名詞如family,crew,crowd,company,audience,committee,government,group等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如果表示整體概念,則謂語動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式;如果表示集體中的成員,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ClassTwelvewasfirstinthesportsmeeting.(指整體)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中,12班是第一名。ClassTwelvearedoingmorningexercisesintheplayground.(指構(gòu)成整體的成員)12班正在操場上做早操。2.集體名詞如people,police等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但clothing,traffic,furniture等無生命的集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindhermother.警察正在幫助一個(gè)女孩兒找媽媽。Thereisn’tanytrafficontheroadatthemoment.這會(huì)兒路上沒有車輛往來。3.表示度量、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長度等的名詞復(fù)數(shù)或詞組作主語時(shí),一般被看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很長的時(shí)間。FiftyyuanwaspaidtoMrGreen.付給格林先生50元錢。4.有些專有名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。TheUnitedStatesisonthesouthofCanada.美國在加拿大南邊。5.主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義卻為單數(shù),如news,works(工廠)等或一些學(xué)科名稱,如physics,politics,maths等,謂語動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。Physicsismyfavouritesubject.物理是我最喜歡的科目。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1Thewholeclass(be)greatlymovedbyhiswords.

2TheChinesebadmintonteam(be)playingmagnificently.

3Thepolice(be)lookingforthemurderer.

4HisSelectedPoems(be)firstpublishedin1965.

5Ithinkphysics(be)muchmoreusefulthanmaths.

三、就近原則1.由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...連接并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要與靠近它的主語一致。NeitherTomnorIlikethisfilm.Tom和我都不喜歡這個(gè)電影。2.在therebe或herebe句型中,如果有并列的名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要與靠近它的主語一致。Thereisagirlandfourboysintheroom.房間里有一個(gè)女孩兒和四個(gè)男孩兒。Therearefourboysandagirlintheroom房間里有四個(gè)男孩兒和一個(gè)女孩兒。題組訓(xùn)練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Notonlystudentsbutalsotheirteacher(object)totheplan.

2.There(be)someChineseandthreeAmericansinthetravellingteam.

3.Here(be)aletterandtwobooksforyou.

隨堂練習(xí)一、語法選擇Afternearlyfiveyearsofconstruction(建設(shè)),theBeijingDaxingInternationalAirport1onSept.25,2019.Fiveyears2reallynotalongtimeforbuildingsuchabigairport.SeatedinthesouthofBeijing,itistheworld'slargesttransportationhub(樞紐).TheGuardianlisteditasoneofthe“sevenwondersofthemodernworld”.

GardensThere3fivegardensattheendoffiveboarding(登機(jī))gates.Attheendofthenorthernboardinggate4theChinesegarden.ThereareChinese-stylebuildingsinit.Peoplecanhangoutinthegardenwhilewaitingfortheirflights.

FlightterminalTheairportisverylarge.Ithastheworld'slargestflightterminal(航站樓)inasinglebuilding.Thebuilding5anareaof700,000squaremeters—thesizeof98soccerfields.Thenumberofpassengershereeachyear6morethan100million.Theterminallookslikeastarfish.Thedistancebetweenthecentralareaandthefarthestboardinggate7600meters.Itonly8eightminutestowalkbetweenthetwo.

ParkinglotTheparkinglotisinthesouthernpartoftheairport.It'sclosetotheflightterminal.Arobot-operatedparkingsystem9used.Afterdrivers10theircars,robotswillliftthecarsandcarrythemtoanopenparkingspace.Whencollecting(領(lǐng)取)theircars,driverscanusetheirparkingticketstogetinformationonwheretofindtheircars.

1.A.isopen B.areopen C.wasopen D.wereopen2.A.is B.are C.was D.were3.A.is B.are C.was D.were4.A.is B.are C.was D.were5.A.have B.has C.willhave D.had6.A.is B.are C.was D.were7.A.is B.are C.was D.were8.A.take B.takes C.spend D.spends9.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.A.park B.parks C.willpark D.parked第五講謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)歷來是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查雖多，但考向非常集中，最?？嫉氖且话氵^去時(shí)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，其次是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其他時(shí)態(tài)考查相對較少。因此備考重點(diǎn)是：①動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法②動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的基本用法③主謂一致考點(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)(以動(dòng)詞do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)一般時(shí)do/doesdidshall/willdo、begoingtodo進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoingwas/weredoing完成時(shí)have/hasdonehaddone1.一般時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.我們一日吃三餐。②表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)及自然現(xiàn)象。Thesunsetsinthewest.太陽從西方落下。③在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。I’llwritetoherwhenIhavetime.有時(shí)間我會(huì)寫信給她。(2)一般過去時(shí)①表示過去發(fā)生的一次性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Weoftenplayedbasketballtogether.我們(過去)經(jīng)常在一起打籃球。②時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，若主句用了過去將來時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。Hesaidhewouldtellherthenewsassoonashemether.他說他一見到她就把這個(gè)消息告訴她。(3)一般將來時(shí)①“will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即單純的將來事實(shí)。IshallcallyouassoonasIarrive.我一到就給你打電話。TheywillprobablygotoShanghaifortheirholiday.他們可能去上海度假。②一般將來時(shí)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)·用于“Iexpect,I’msure,Ithink,Iwonder＋賓語從句”中·用于“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”中·與表示時(shí)間或條件的狀語從句連用Don’tworryabouttheexam.I’msureyou’llpass.不要擔(dān)心這次考試，我確信你會(huì)通過的。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請他幫忙，他會(huì)幫助你的。③表示一般將來時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)·begoingtodosth表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。HeisgoingtospeakonTVthisevening.他今晚要在電視上講話。Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.看這些烏云，要下雨了。Whenareyoutoleave/leavingforhome?你什么時(shí)候回家？1.Beforethesun,weneedtogettothetopofthemountain.

A.set B.sets C.issetting D.willset【答案】B本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此處講的是將來的情況,但是在before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中需要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。thesun是第三人稱單數(shù),故選B項(xiàng)。2.—Idon'tknowwhenhetheairporttomorrow.IfIgethisflightnumber,Iwillletyouknow.

—OK.Thankyou.A.reached B.willreachC.wasreaching D.reaches【答案】B本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。設(shè)空處主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語從句中時(shí)間狀語tomorrow要求謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí),故選B。3.—Whatdidourgeographyteachersay?—Shetoldusthattheeartharoundthesun.

A.moves B.movedC.hasmoved D.wasmoving【答案】A本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)談到客觀真理時(shí),動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。2．進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞)①表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heisworkingonapaper.他在寫一篇論文。②表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，come，start，leave，arrive，begin，return等。I’mleavingforBeijingnextmonth.我下個(gè)月要去北京。(2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他在讀一本有趣的書。3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has＋過去分詞)①表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作開始于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(甚至到將來)。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語有：lately，recently，inthelast(past)fewdays/years，sincethen，uptonow，sofar等。Inthepastfewyears，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.在過去的幾年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。②表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果。常用的狀語有：already，ever，just(剛剛)，yet等。Hehasturnedoffthelight.(＝Thelightisoffnow.)他已經(jīng)關(guān)掉燈了。③在“最高級＋名詞”或“It/Thisis＋the＋序數(shù)詞＋time”之后的從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.這是我第一次來這里。【易混辨析】havegoneto意為“去某地了”，表示此人現(xiàn)在還在那里沒有回來。havebeento意為“去過某地”，表示此人已經(jīng)回來了。1.—Ourcomputerisworkingagain!—Yes.OurITteacherit.Ittookhimaboutanhour.

A.hasfixed B.willfixC.isfixing D.wasfixing【答案】A本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)isworkingagain可知,電腦已經(jīng)修好了。故此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),選A。2.—Theairhereismuchfresherthanbefore.—Exactly!Wealotoftreesinthepastfewyears.

A.planted B.wereplantingC.haveplanted D.willplant【答案】C本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語inthepastfewyears可知,本句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選C。3.—It'stenyearssincewecamehere.—Howtimeflies!WeinChinaforsolong.

A.work B.workedC.willwork D.haveworked【答案】D本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間狀語是forsolong,表示一段時(shí)間,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.(2021福建,28)Hurryup!Mr.Brownforusinthemeetingroomatthemoment.

A.iswaitingB.willwaitC.waited【答案】A句意:快點(diǎn)!現(xiàn)在布朗先生此刻正在會(huì)議室等我們。本題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。由“Hurryup!”及“atthemoment”可知,本題應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),故答案為A。2.(2020福建,25)HanMei,agoodfriendofmine,mealotwithmyEnglishinthepastthreeyears.

A.helpsB.helpedC.hashelped【答案】C句意:韓梅是我的一個(gè)好朋友,她在過去的三年里在英語方面幫了我很多。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由該句的時(shí)間狀語inthepastthreeyears可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。3.(2019福建,32)—Look!Mymotheranewdressforme.

—Wow,itlooksveryniceonyou.A.ismakingB.hasmadeC.willmake【答案】B句意:——看!我媽媽為我做了一條新連衣裙?！?它穿在你身上看起來很漂亮。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由語境可知,本句強(qiáng)調(diào)媽媽為我做新連衣裙的行為對當(dāng)下的影響,故選B。4.(2018福建,30)Chinagreatachievementsinscienceandtechnologysince1978.

A.makes B.made C.hasmade【答案】C句意:自從1978年以來,中國已經(jīng)在科學(xué)與技術(shù)上取得了偉大的成就。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語“since1978”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選C。5.(2017福建,26)—DoyouknowtheColorRun,afive-kilometerrace?—Yes.Sofaritintoquiteafewcitiesinourcountry.

A.comes B.came C.hascome【答案】C本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。sofar意為“迄今為止,至今”,是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志,故選C。6.(2021南平二模,32)—Whendidyouruncleleavehishometown?—Hefornearlytwentyyears.

A.left B.hasleft C.hasbeenaway【答案】C本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由題干中的時(shí)間狀語fornearlytwentyyears可知此處強(qiáng)調(diào)離開的狀態(tài)持續(xù)20年,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);leave是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,不可與時(shí)間段搭配,故排除B;beaway表示狀態(tài),可以與時(shí)間段搭配,故選C。7.(2021莆田二模,33)Recently,Chinagreatvictoriesinitsfightagainstpoverty(貧困).

A.win B.haswon C.hadwon【答案】B本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由題干中的時(shí)間狀語Recently可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選B。8.(2021福州二模,34)Eventhoughthesnowstormisonitsway,itadayortwotoreachourcity.

A.takes B.willtake C.hastaken【答案】B本題考查動(dòng)詞的基本時(shí)態(tài)。由上文中的“暴風(fēng)雪還在路上”可知,此處應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí),故選B。9.(2020福建,88)Rice(be)alwaysthemainfoodfortheChinese.

【答案】is句意:米飯一直是中國人的主食。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。此句陳述客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語Rice為不可數(shù)名詞,故填is。10.(2021寧德二模,85)Theox/ple?z/animportantpartinChineseculture.

【答案】plays本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。該句陳述事實(shí),故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);Theox為第三人稱單數(shù),結(jié)合音標(biāo)可知填plays?？键c(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞變化1.(2020福建,83)However,itwastheKingofFrogs(青蛙)thatshe/k??t/.

【答案】caught句意:然而,她抓到的是青蛙王。由語境及音標(biāo)可知填caught。2.(2019福建,87)WithCaiLun’spapermakingmethod,Chineseculture/ɡru?/morerapidlyoverthenextseveralcenturies.

【答案】grew句意:有了蔡倫的造紙術(shù),中國文化在接下來的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)中迅速發(fā)展。結(jié)合音標(biāo)及語境可知填grew。3.(2021福州二模,83)They/θ??t/itwouldn’tbefoundforanother30—50years.

【答案】thought由語境可知本空表示“認(rèn)為”,結(jié)合音標(biāo)可知填thought。4.(2021寧德二模,82)Butwhywastheox/?t???zn/tobeoneofthe12Chinesezodiacsigns(生肖)?

【答案】chosen句意:但是為什么牛被選為十二生肖之一呢?結(jié)合音標(biāo)可知填chosen。53綜合練1.(2021江蘇蘇州,6改編)ThedocumentaryAPlasticOceanissoimpressivethatIitseveraltimessofar.

A.watched B.watch C.havewatched【答案】C本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語sofar及severaltimes可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。2.(2021湖北武漢,29改編)—Weverysimplyanddonotspendmuchmoneyonfood.

—That’swhyyou’recalledtheGreens.A.eat B.ate C.willeat【答案】A本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。and連接的并列成分時(shí)態(tài)一致,故根據(jù)donotspend可以判斷設(shè)空處也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選A。3.(2021安徽,27改編)—Ourcomputerisworkingagain!—Yes.OurITteacherit.Ittookhimaboutanhour.

A.hasfixed B.willfix C.wasfixing【答案】A句意:——我們的電腦又工作了!——是的。我們的信息技術(shù)老師已經(jīng)把它修好了。他花了大約一小時(shí)。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)isworkingagain可知,電腦已經(jīng)修好了,故此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選A。4.(2021北京,7改編)—Peter,whatareyoudoing?—Oh,Iareportaboutnationalheroes.

A.willwrite B.amwriting C.havewritten【答案】B本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由問句可知,設(shè)空處要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),故選B。5.(2021海南,34)—Jerry,canyougivemeahand?—Justaminute.Iane-mail.

A.havesent B.amsending C.wassending【答案】B本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由語境可判斷,此處表示“我”正在發(fā)一封電子郵件,用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選B。6.(2021河北,35改編)IsawBobinthegarden.Heflowersthere.

A.haswatered B.iswatering C.waswatering【答案】C本題考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)語境可知,“我”看見Bob的時(shí)候,他正在澆花,應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí);由前句謂語動(dòng)詞saw可知,此事發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),故答案為C。7.(2021黑龍江齊齊哈爾,5)I’msorryIdidn’tansweryourcallbecauseIonline.

A.wasstudying B.studied C.amstudying【答案】A本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境分析和didn’t可知,(當(dāng)時(shí))沒接到電話,是因?yàn)?那時(shí))正在線上學(xué)習(xí),應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。8.(2021云南,34改編)ThedocumentaryAerialChina(《航拍中國》)iswonderful.Sofar,Iitthreetimes.

A.watched B.willwatch C.havewatched【答案】C本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本句中的時(shí)間狀語Sofar是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞,故選C。9.(2021吉林,31)Mr.Greenanewbikeforhisdaughtertomorrow.

A.buys B.bought C.willbuy【答案】C本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語tomorrow可知用一般將來時(shí),故選C。10.(2021江西,26改編)—Howdoweturnontheoven?—Iyou;weren’tyoulistening?

A.tell B.amtelling C.havetold【答案】C本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的“難道你之前沒在聽嗎?”可知此處表示“我”已經(jīng)告訴過你了,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故選C。11.(2021四川成都,34)Thespiritoftheox(牛)animportantroleforChina’sdevelopmentthisyear.

A.isplaying B.wasplaying C.played【答案】A本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干中的時(shí)間狀語thisyear,結(jié)合語境可知用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),故選A。12.(2021遼寧本溪,13改編)—Theclassroomissoquiet.—Yes,allthestudentsforthefinalexam.

A.prepared B.willprepare C.arepreparing【答案】C本題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。由“Theclassroomissoquiet.”可知,此處描述的是此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案為C。13.(2021江蘇南京,6改編)IsawJuliainAprilandIhersincethen.

A.don’tsee B.didn’tsee C.haven’tseen【答案】C本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語sincethen可知,此句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。14.(2021內(nèi)蒙古包頭,31改編)—DidyouseeDorothy?Shejustcamebackfromabroad.—Yes.Butshesomeone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.

A.phones B.isphoning C.wasphoning【答案】C本題考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。由“soInoddedtoherandwentaway”可知,那時(shí)候Dorothy正在打電話,應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)。由謂語動(dòng)詞“nodded”可知,這件事發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故答案為C。15.(2021天津,31改編)—WhereisMum?—Inthelivingroom.Sheabookatthemoment.

A.wasreading B.isreading C.hasread【答案】B本題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。atthemoment是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語。故選B?？键c(diǎn)2動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)和句子時(shí)態(tài)的不同而變化?，F(xiàn)在過去將來一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedone進(jìn)行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendone2.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義(1)“系動(dòng)詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste等＋形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。Thesteelfeelscold.鋼摸起來很涼。(2)動(dòng)詞need,require,want,beworth后加動(dòng)詞－ing形式的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。Mywatchcan’twork;itneedsrepairing.我的手表不能用了，需要修了。1.(2021福建,31)Manyresearchlabsinthenext5yearstodevelopscienceandtechnologyinChina.

A.arebuildingB.willbebuiltC.werebuilt【答案】B本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句子的主語Manyresearchlabs是謂語動(dòng)詞build動(dòng)作的承受者,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài);由時(shí)間狀語inthenext5years可知,時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來時(shí)。故答案為B。2.(2020福建,32)—Yourhometownisfamousfortea,right?—Yes.Nowteaplantsonmostmountainshere.

A.willgrowB.aregrownC.weregrown【答案】B句意:——你的家鄉(xiāng)因茶葉而出名,是嗎?——是的?，F(xiàn)在這里茶樹被種在大多數(shù)山上。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。主語teaplants與grow為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,又因?yàn)闀r(shí)間狀語是now,所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。3.(2019福建,34)Asoneofthemostexcitingsports,volleyballintheOlympicGamesin1964.

A.includedB.isincludedC.wasincluded【答案】C句意:作為最激動(dòng)人心的運(yùn)動(dòng)之一,排球在1964年被納入奧運(yùn)會(huì)中。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。volleyball與include之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,結(jié)合題干中的“in1964”可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選C。4.(2018福建,32)Paper-makingbytheChineseintheWesternHanDynasty(朝代).

A.isinventedB.inventedC.wasinvented【答案】C句意:造紙術(shù)是由中國人在西漢時(shí)發(fā)明的。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。因句子主語“Paper-making”是動(dòng)作的承受者,故使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),先排除B。因時(shí)間狀語是“intheWesternHanDynasty”,故應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選C。5.(2017福建,31)ElevenChinesefilmsduringthe7thChineseFilmFestivalinFrancelastmonth.

A.showedB.areshownC.wereshown【答案】C本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語lastmonth可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),故排除B。再根據(jù)films與show之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知,本題選C。6.(2021福州二模,31)TheLunarNewYearnotonlybytheChinesebutalsobytheJapanese.

A.iscelebrated B.wascelebrated C.willbecelebrated【答案】A本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)。主語TheLunarNewYear與謂語動(dòng)詞celebrate為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,又因?yàn)榫渥雨愂鍪聦?shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選A。7.(2021寧德二模,27)The2022WinterOlympicsinChina.IhopetheChineseathleteswillwinmoremedalsforourcountry.

A.held B.areheld C.willbeheld【答案】C本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。主語The2022WinterOlympics與謂語動(dòng)詞hold為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,由2022可知應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選C。8.(2021廈門二模,30)AngLeeforalifetimeachievement(成就)awardbyOscar.

A.praises B.ispraised C.haspraised【答案】B本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。主語AngLee與praise為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選B。9.(2021龍巖二模,33)—Perfectphotos!—Thankyou.TheybymyHUAWEImobilephone.

A.took B.weretaken C.willbetaken【答案】B本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。主語They與take為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,根據(jù)語境可知,要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故選B。10.(2021福建,81)TaichiisasymbolofChineseculture.Itwasfirst(develop)inChinaaswushu,butit’sbecomingoneofthemostpopularsportsaroundtheworld.

【答案】developed根據(jù)題干可知,句子的主語It和謂語動(dòng)詞develop為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài);設(shè)空處前已有was,所以本空只填過去分詞。故填developed。11.(2017福建,91)Itiscelebratedontheninthdayoftheninthlunarmonth.It’salso(call)theDoubleNinthFestival.

【答案】ca