高中英語(yǔ)閱讀之猜詞義課件-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

Strategiesforguessingwordmeanings閱讀理解專題——詞義猜測(cè)題LeadinginBeWhatyouWannaBe——DarinZanyar醫(yī)生，演員，律師或歌唱家為什么不成為一個(gè)總統(tǒng)？做一個(gè)夢(mèng)想家你可以成為任何一個(gè)你想成為的人。警察，消防員或者郵遞員。為什么不是像你老伙伴的人？你可以成為任何一個(gè)你想成為的人。2021-2023年高考全國(guó)卷閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題考查一覽表2024年2023年2022年2021年新高考全國(guó)I卷1短語(yǔ)shinethrough1單詞declutter1短語(yǔ)embarkon1單詞decimate新高考全國(guó)II卷1短語(yǔ)Inthewronghands1短語(yǔ)relateto1短語(yǔ)hithomeforme1短語(yǔ)getuptomischief全國(guó)甲卷1短語(yǔ)takethisbehaviorupanotch1短語(yǔ)adabhand1短語(yǔ)taketheplunge1短語(yǔ)safe!safe!safe!全國(guó)乙卷--------1單詞conversation1單詞maintenance1單詞concede思路：聯(lián)系上下文，選項(xiàng)代入核查詞義猜測(cè)提問(wèn)方式1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplace“participate”?2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ambition”inParagraph5referto?3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reasonable”mean?

一、邏輯關(guān)系法LogicalRelation123同義或近義關(guān)系反義關(guān)系因果關(guān)系同義或近義關(guān)系synonymornear-synonym

猜一猜1.Mr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarly

loquacious.即時(shí)訓(xùn)練：2024《優(yōu)質(zhì)課堂》Someexpertstowarnthatbusinessesshouldcarefullyconsiderpossibleharmstocustomers,societyandtheirowncompaniesbeforechoosingtouseAItoolsintheworkplace....“Iwantpeopletothinkdeeplybeforedeploying

thistechnology.”Leibowiczsaid.A.PresentingconfidentlyB.promotingsuccessfullyC.debatingpubliclyD.applyingefficiently.健談的Tip:利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義詞或短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：and,or,also,as...as,justas,similarly等1反義關(guān)系猜一猜：AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknown.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest(謙虛的).傲慢的，高傲的Tip:利用對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞，或反義詞猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：but,yet,despite,however,while,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead等2即時(shí)訓(xùn)練：Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly

因果關(guān)系Causalrelation猜一猜：Marydidn'tnoticemewhenIcameintotheclassroom,becauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.3Tip:利用因果關(guān)系猜詞義，常見(jiàn)的詞或短語(yǔ)：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,accordingly,hence,dueto,owingto,thanksto,becauseof,onaccountof,resultin,等全神貫注的即時(shí)訓(xùn)練:Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.A.slightB.shortC.everlastingD.mild123下定義定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)

二、解釋說(shuō)明法

Explanation

4標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)123下定義定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)猜一猜：1.Pantomimeisashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2.Theherdsman

,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout6500yuanayear.3.Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.4.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.啞劇牧羊人城堡Tips:下定義：is,mean,refersto,namely等后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面解釋說(shuō)明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway引出的解釋性的短語(yǔ)來(lái)解釋生詞。定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定了先行詞的內(nèi)容和范疇。同位語(yǔ)：同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。4標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)和括號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，可表示解釋說(shuō)明。期刊Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting：“Safe!Safe!Safe！”Andthat’swhatmattered—landingtricks（落地技巧）,beingagoodskater.21·世紀(jì)教29．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe！Safe！Safe！”probablymean?A．Becareful! B．Welldone!C．Noway! D．Don’tworry!解釋說(shuō)明法：(2021·全國(guó)甲卷閱讀C)

三、構(gòu)詞法Formation

123合成法派生法轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生義）1合成法Tip:合成法：指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個(gè)新的單詞mooncakefireworkbackyardbirthplace月餅daydreamhandshakeheartbeathomesick煙火后院出生地想家的心跳握手白日夢(mèng)2派生法Tip:通過(guò)在詞根上添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)造新詞。一般講前綴改變?cè)~義不變?cè)~性，后綴改變?cè)~性不變?cè)~義。前綴和后綴辨析：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)

micro-（極微小的）

re-（再，反復(fù)）

mis-（誤，惡）

im-（不）

un-（不，非）

in-（不，非）

non-（不，非）

-able（能…的）

-less（不，無(wú)）

-wards(向)misunderstandimpatientindependenthomelessrebuildunluckyuselessobtainable

v.誤解adj.沒(méi)有耐心的adj.獨(dú)立的adj.無(wú)家可歸的

v.重建adj.不幸運(yùn)的adj.沒(méi)用的adj.能獲得的3轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生義）Tip:轉(zhuǎn)化法：把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變。如：waterflowers澆花

猜一猜：Hewolfeddownthreebowlsofrice.熟義：n.封面

生義：v.涉及，足夠支付狼吞虎咽(2024卷I,C)cover(2024黃岡,B)position(2024卷II,A)promise(2023卷I)lift熟義：n.位置；職位生義：v.安置

n.立場(chǎng)；觀點(diǎn)熟義：n.諾言生義：v.有……的希望；使……有可能熟義：電梯

生義：

提起(2016全國(guó)卷II,B篇)Encouragethiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”A.mistakeB.drawbackC.difficultyD.burden(2022年全國(guó)乙卷,C篇）Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel(人員的）safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneuros(歐元)ayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).Thatcanb