專題復(fù)習(xí)：構(gòu)詞法 課件高三上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

構(gòu)詞法巧拓詞1shapev.

2uncover3limitless4mirror(v.)

5Soon-to-befourthgrader6note(v.)7devalue

8preschool

9theabilitytoreason(v.)10underestimate11ongoing

12pioneer(v.)atechnique13Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfor2days14Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirement15Researchofthiskindisground-breaking.16Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproduct塑造，塑形揭開，揭發(fā)無(wú)限的反映，反射即將成為四年級(jí)的學(xué)生指出，注意，記錄，貶值學(xué)齡前推斷的能力低估持續(xù)的開創(chuàng)，開發(fā)培植，培養(yǎng)

調(diào)音，調(diào)試，調(diào)整開創(chuàng)性的，突破性的

革命性，使革命2023全國(guó)卷1閱讀詞匯序號(hào)課標(biāo)詞試題用詞1minimumminimalism/minimalist2detaildetailed3exploreexploration4philosophyphilosophy/philosophical5examimeexamination6tolerateintolerable7optionoptional8participateparticipants9sustainsustainable10necessarynescessity11mindmindless12tooltoolbox13lifelifestyle序號(hào)課標(biāo)詞試題用詞1statisticstatistician2capitalcapitalize3estimateoverestimate/underestimate/estimation4technologytechnical5accurateaccuracy6significantsignificantly7dominatedominant8shareshared9argueargument10reducereduction11limitlimitations12implyimplications目錄綜述合成法派生法1234轉(zhuǎn)換法Contents綜述11轉(zhuǎn)換法1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞2.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞和副詞

2合成法1.合成名詞2.合成形容詞3.合成動(dòng)詞、代詞和副詞3派生法后綴法1.構(gòu)成名詞的常用后綴2.構(gòu)成形容詞的常用后綴3.構(gòu)成副詞的常用后綴4.構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的常用后綴前綴法1.表示否定和相反意義的前綴2.表示其他意思的前綴轉(zhuǎn)換法2概念剖析1

轉(zhuǎn)化是指一個(gè)單詞的詞形不經(jīng)過(guò)任何變化而由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性。

同一個(gè)單詞不同詞性所表達(dá)的意思名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞2(1)Mylefthand

brushedthewallandfoundthedoor.我的左手順著墻摸過(guò)去就找到了門。（handn.）Handinyourpapersplease.請(qǐng)把你們的試卷交上來(lái)。(handv.)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞2(2)Thesickchildrenarewelltakencareofbythedoctorsandnurses.這些生病的孩子得到了醫(yī)護(hù)人員的精心照料。(nursen.)Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth（nursev.）

她看護(hù)丈夫，使他恢復(fù)了健康。名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞2（3）Theybeginbreakfastatseven.他們7點(diǎn)鐘開始吃早飯。（breakfastn.）Webreakfastedtogether.(breakfastv.)我們?cè)谝黄鸪粤嗽绮?。Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewood-likeplantmaterialsinalab.（2024深圳一模）Keilshowsthatwecansupportchildren'songoingwonderbyplayinggameswiththemaspartners,encouragingquestion-asking,andfocusingontheirabilitiestoreasonandconclude.（2024深圳一模）pioneern.先鋒v.

開創(chuàng)，reasonn.原因v.推理，思考，Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.

（2024深圳一模）Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays.

（2024深圳一模）tune語(yǔ)音，語(yǔ)調(diào)調(diào)音，調(diào)試，調(diào)整culturen.文化

培植，培養(yǎng)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞2shapen.形狀，外形China'sfoodculture____________(shape)inancienttimeandwithseveralthousandyearsofefforts,Chinesecuisinehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.v.使成為…形狀（或樣子）；塑造wasshaped名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞1）Addtionally,fromtimetotime,Iwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.（2022年1卷A篇）graden.年級(jí)，等級(jí)，級(jí)別v.

給作業(yè)或任務(wù)評(píng)定“等級(jí)”，評(píng)分2）Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHocketnotedthatspeechsoundcalledlabiodentalssuchas“f”and“V”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods（2022年1卷D篇）noten.筆記通過(guò)“記錄”以引起關(guān)注v.

指出，特別提到名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞3）Whatdoesthefollowing-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?B)Howtheytrackmovingobjects.（2022年全國(guó)甲卷B)trackn.足跡，蹤跡v.跟蹤，追蹤沿著“足跡”走4）AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.(2022年全國(guó)甲卷D)pioltn.飛行員“領(lǐng)航”船v.“領(lǐng)航”船5）WhichtaskcanD)Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes(2022年全國(guó)甲卷B)groupn.群，小組v.把...分類/分組6）

Avisually-challengedmaanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked40daystoXi'an,asafirststep____________(journey)theBeltandRoadroutebyfoot.(2022全國(guó)甲卷語(yǔ)法填空）

tojourneyjourneyn.旅行

v.旅行7）Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainwouldbeabletoreactintime(2022全國(guó)乙卷C）.8）Thegalleryhouses2000worksofmodernart.signaln.信號(hào)

v.發(fā)信號(hào)，示意v.是（某物）的貯藏處，提供住所housen.房子

ItisestimatedthattheNationalLibraryofChina_____morethan3millionancientChinesebooks.AdonatesBtradesCdigsDhouses(《步步高》大一輪組合練p407)9)Shepennedafewwordsofthanks.penn.筆

v.寫Anothersuccesssoonfollowed,andthenapoemI50aboutsummergivingwaytofallwonanationalaward.50.A.appreciatedB.discovered

C.pennedD.establishedC2024順德二模完形填空10)Whenthefamousstarcamein,allpeopleeyedher.11)Manyofhisfriendsbackedhisplan.12)Thedogwasguardingitsowner'sluggage.

13)Theseorangeswereboxedandsentoffquickly.14)Theofficewasfloodedwithapplicationsforthejob.15）Youcannotdatethecarvinganditisdifficulttodatethestone.16）Theletterisdated2July1993.17)Thewinnerwastimedat20.4seconds.支持他的計(jì)劃。注視著她。守護(hù)著主人的行李這些橘子被裝箱蜂擁而至確定…的日期(或年代)計(jì)時(shí)；測(cè)定…所需的時(shí)間在（信件、支票等）上注明日期名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞

namen.姓名titlen.標(biāo)題listn.清單tourn.旅行，觀光partn.部分backhisplann.背，date

befloodedwithAplanformedchairthemeetingTheplanelandedsafelypicturefuturelifeorderataxi

v.命名v.給,,加標(biāo)題v.列出清單v.旅行，周游v.分離，分開v.支持v.確定日期，在..標(biāo)注日期v.蜂擁而至，淹沒(méi)v.形成v.主持會(huì)議v.著陸v.描繪，想象v.訂購(gòu)，訂貨，

動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞3（1）HelookedasidewhenIspoketohim.我對(duì)他講話，他卻朝一邊看。（lookv.）Let＇shavealookfirst.我們先看一下吧。（lookn.）動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞3try（v.嘗試→n.嘗試）

read(v.閱讀→n.閱讀)swim（v.游泳→n.游泳）sigh（v.嘆氣→n.嘆氣）cry

(v.哭→n.哭)shout（v.呼喊→n.呼喊）kiss

(v.吻→n吻)

guess(v.猜測(cè)→n猜測(cè))動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞3（1）Ittastessweet.v.品嘗2)Thecolourandstyleisamatterofpersonaltaste.

n.品嘗，品味，鑒賞力Hisjawwasbrokenafterhewashitonthehead.

Giveitagoodhit.v.(擊）打用力打它一下。Thesongbecameamassivehitin1945.hitn.成功而轟動(dòng)（或風(fēng)行）一時(shí)的事物（如唱片、電影或戲?。┻@些政策使公共衛(wèi)生得到極大改進(jìn)。Ipickedupafewgoodbargainsinthesale.bargainv.討價(jià)還價(jià)n.便宜貨，減價(jià)品I'vegainedweightrecently.Thesepolicieshaveresultedingreatgainsinpublichealth.gainv.獲得;增加;

n.(尤指財(cái)富、重量的)增值，增加這些政策使公共衛(wèi)生得到極大改進(jìn)。weightgain//effiencygain體重增加//效率增加42. A.plan B.pull C.request D.pressureThemagneticpullofthemoderncitywashardtoresist.Myfamilyalwayshadaspecial42forme.Ourparentsencouragedustospendtimetogether:mealswereeatenasafamilyandTVviewingwasshared.42. A.plan B.pull C.request D.pressure2023年佛山一模試題pullv.拉n.吸引力，誘惑力BpullShegavehimagentlepush.她輕輕地推了他一下。

pushv.推

Hewantstoopenhisownbusiness,butneedsapushintherightdirectiontogethimstarted.

-n.推;激勵(lì);Thecarwon'tstart.Canyougiveitapush?他想創(chuàng)業(yè)，但還需要適當(dāng)?shù)墓膭?lì)助他起步。我們參觀了一座諾曼式城堡的遺跡。WevisitedtheruinsofaNormancastle.Theoldmillisnowlittlemorethanaruin.ruinv.毀壞；破壞；

Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertherevolution.毀壞老磨坊現(xiàn)在只剩下一點(diǎn)殘?jiān)珨啾诹宋覀儏⒂^了一座諾曼式城堡的遺跡殘?jiān)珨啾?；廢墟形容轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞4Heisabettermanthanhisfather.他為人比他父親好。（betteradj.）Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。（betterv.）形容轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞4Iemptiedoutmypocketsbutcouldnotfindmykeys.empty

adj.空的v.清空，倒空TheyhopedthenewpolicywouldfurtherthecauseofculturalcooperationinEurope.furtheradj.更遠(yuǎn)的，更進(jìn)一步的v.促進(jìn)Theirtalkswereaimedatsmoothingthepathtowardsthecooperationbetweenthetwocountires.smoothadj.平整的；平坦的；平滑的；v.使平整；使平坦；使平滑；使光滑Thegapbetweenthetwoteamshasnarrowedtothreepoints.narrowadj.狹窄的；窄小的v.使窄??；變窄；縮小Couldyouspareoneofyourstafftohelpusout?spareadj.多余的v.抽出，騰出

形容轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞4better（a.更好的→v.（使）改善）calm（a.安靜的→v.使安靜）cool（a.涼快的→v.（使）冷卻）spare（a.空閑的→v.抽出，騰出）own（a.自己的→v.擁有）slow（a.慢的→v.（使）減慢） 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞和副詞5（1）Shehaslongblackhair.她有一頭烏黑的長(zhǎng)發(fā)。(blackadj.)Thegirlinblackappearsverybeautiful.那個(gè)穿黑衣服的女孩子看上去非常漂亮。（blackn.）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞和副詞5（2）Hecamefromarichfamily.他出身于富裕家庭。(richadj.)Wedon'tbelongtotherich,butwedong'tbelongtothepooreither.我們不是有錢人，但我們也不是窮人。(therichn.)the+形容詞

表示“一類人”:therich//thepoor/theold/theyoung/theinjured//thedead形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞和副詞5cold（a.冷的→n.感冒） back（a.后面的→n.背部）quiet(a.安靜的→n.恬靜)calm(a.平靜的→n安靜)deep（a.深的→ad.深地） wide（a.寬的→ad.廣泛地）hard（a.困難的→ad.努力地）well（a.健康的→ad.很好地）形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞5①deepadj.//adv.deeply②highadj.//adv.highly③closeadj.//adv.closely④wideadj.//adv.--widely①dig_____beimpressed______②flyso_____think__________ofsb.③sit______tomebe___________connectedwith④openhiseyes______

Theconceptis_______accepteddeepdeeplyhighhighlyclosecloselywidewidely具體的深度、高度、距離、寬度抽象概念：深深地，高度地，緊密地，廣泛地合成法3概念剖析1

由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上本身有獨(dú)立含義的詞合在一起組成一個(gè)有具體意義的新詞的構(gòu)詞形式。合成名詞2合成詞構(gòu)成例子合成名詞n.+n.bedroom,sportsman,lifeboat,spaceship,network,weekdayn.+v.-inghandwriting,sightseeing,sunbathing,weightliftingadj.+n.hardware,first-aid,midnight,nobleman,highway,blackboardv.-ing+n.living-room,writing-paper,swimming-pool,hiding-placev.+n.breakfast,crybaby,watchdog,pickpocket,birthcontroln.+v.+-erbook-seller,film-maker,story-teller,peace-lover,housekeeperprep./adv.+n.underground,upside,overcoat,afternoon,income,byproduct其他newcomer,fisherman,editor-in-chief,sister-in-law,take-off合成名詞2（1）名詞＋名詞

newspaper，bedroom（臥室）

silkwormair-conditioner（2）名詞＋動(dòng)名詞

sunbathing（日光浴）sightseeing(觀光)（3）形容詞＋名詞hotline（熱線）gentleman（紳士）4）動(dòng)名詞＋名詞waitingroom候車室（5）動(dòng)詞＋名詞postoffice（郵局）

pickpocket

蠶

glasshouse

玻璃暖房、溫室（扒手）空調(diào)

合成名詞2（6）動(dòng)詞＋副詞get-together（聯(lián)歡會(huì)）

breakthrough（突破）take-off（起飛）lookout（崗哨，守望）break-up分裂，破裂breakdown奔潰合成名詞2（7）副詞＋動(dòng)詞downfall

overthrowoutbreak

outcome

垮臺(tái),倒下

爆發(fā)推翻

后果合成形容詞3合成詞構(gòu)成例子合成形容詞adj.+n.-edmiddle-aged,cold-blooded,warm-hearted,red-hairedn.+p.p.man-made,snow-covered,heart-broken,deep-seatedn.+a.world-famous,self-confident,ice-cold,watertight,seasickadj.+n.full-time,high-speed,second-hand,first-class,frontn./adj./adv.+v.-ingpeace-loving,good-looking,far-reaching,hard-workingadj./adv.+p.p.*well-known,low-paid,well-educated,quick-frozen,dry-cleaned合成形容詞3（1）數(shù)詞＋名詞afive-yearplan五年計(jì)劃second-handgoods二手貨afour-word四字成語(yǔ)first-class

seataone-way

street

頭等座單行道合成形容詞3（2）數(shù)詞＋名詞＋edathree-leggedbenchaone-eyedcamel

三條腿的椅子一只眼的駱駝合成形容詞3（3）數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞

一個(gè)兩歲的女孩

一條1000米長(zhǎng)的街道

atwo-year-oldgirl

a1,000-metre-longstreet

動(dòng)聽的合成形容詞3（4）名詞//形容詞//副詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving熱愛和平的meat-eating食肉的grass-eating食草的English-speaking說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的history-making創(chuàng)造歷史的fine-soundingeasy-goingfar-reachingever-lastingamind-expandingsubjectaduty-freeshopasmoke-freeareaongingeffort

開拓思維的課程動(dòng)聽的容易相處的深遠(yuǎn)的永恒的免稅店無(wú)煙區(qū)不間斷的努力合成形容詞3（5）名詞//形容詞//副詞＋過(guò)去分詞heart-broken傷心的man-made人造的kind-hearted和善的blue-eyed藍(lán)眼睛的well-educated受過(guò)良好教育的

1astate-owned

factory

2absent-minded3narrow-minded4broad-minded5quick-minded6noble-minded7good-tempered8one-sided9cool-headed10hot-headed11long-tailed12bare-footed13thick-skinned14ahalf-closedwindow15awell-fedboy

國(guó)有的工廠心不在焉的心胸狹隘的心胸開闊的思維敏捷的高尚的脾氣好的片面的冷靜的頭腦發(fā)熱的長(zhǎng)尾巴的光腳的厚臉皮的半開的窗戶營(yíng)養(yǎng)充足的孩子派生法4概念剖析1

由一個(gè)詞根加上前綴和（或）后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞的構(gòu)詞形式。前綴法2常見表否定或相反意義的前綴有：un-,dis-,in-,im-,ir-,il-等。前綴例子un-unhappy（不高興）unlock（開鎖）untie,unfoldunwrapdis-dislike（不喜歡）disagree（不同意）im-impossible（不可能的）improper（不合適的）in-informal（非正式的）incorrect（不正確的）ir-

不規(guī)則的）

（不相關(guān)的）il-illegal（不合法的）illogical（不合理的）irregular

irrelevant前綴法2前綴意義例子re-重新，再次regain

reform（改革）reviewmis-錯(cuò)誤的misunderstand（誤解）misleadmisuseanti-反、防anti-Japanesewaranti-aging

ex-之前的ex-presidentex-wifepre-預(yù)先,..之前preview

preschoolprewarpredictprehistorypreheat再次獲得（誤導(dǎo)）

(抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）抗衰，抗老化

前總統(tǒng)

(前妻)（誤用）（預(yù)習(xí)）(預(yù)言、預(yù)測(cè))學(xué)齡前的戰(zhàn)前的史前的預(yù)熱復(fù)習(xí)，回顧，評(píng)論前綴法2前綴意義例子post-之后的post-war

postgraduatefore-之前的forecast（預(yù)報(bào)）foresee（預(yù)見）super-超級(jí)；上層supermarket（超市）superman（超人）sub-下面的；亞、次subway（地下鐵道）subtitleinter-之間的，互相interact（相互作用）international（國(guó)際的）（戰(zhàn)后的）（研究生）（副標(biāo)題）前綴法前綴意義例子out-勝過(guò)，超過(guò)outliveoutrunoutweighoutperformover-

過(guò)于，過(guò)度

overconfidentoverjoyedoverestimateoverproductionunder-underestimateundersizedmicro

microsoftmicroelementco-cooperationcoactionco-existence比...長(zhǎng)壽跑過(guò),比..快比...更重比...做的更好，勝過(guò)過(guò)度自信的非常開心的高估生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩不足，少低估尺寸不夠大的微微量元素共同共同行動(dòng)共同存在前綴意義例子trans-跨越；移transport（運(yùn)輸）transplant

tranformsemi-

半semi-final

semiconductor

vice-副vice-presidentvice-chairman

multi-多multimediamulticolormulticulturalmultinationalauto-自動(dòng)，自主automatic自動(dòng)的auto-focusde-反向，向下degradedecodedevalue移植轉(zhuǎn)變，改變半決賽半導(dǎo)體副總統(tǒng)副主席多媒體多種顏色多種文化的多國(guó)的自動(dòng)對(duì)焦降級(jí)破譯密碼貶值mid-表示“中，中間”，如：詞根night 夜晚summer 夏天day 白天field 戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，領(lǐng)域point 點(diǎn)mid-midnightmidsummermidday midfieldmidpoint午夜，深夜仲夏中午，正午中場(chǎng)正中央，中點(diǎn)后綴法3表人或物的名詞的常用后綴有：-er,-or