2022高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module1SmallTalk學(xué)案選修6

Module1SmallTalk一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會(huì)認(rèn)就行(背誦時(shí)遮住右側(cè)漢語(yǔ)，先自主翻譯，后比對(duì)詞義)1．yawnv. 打呵欠2．sighv. 嘆氣，嘆息3．obligationn. 責(zé)任；義務(wù)4．prizen. 獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金5．immigrationn. 移民6．visan. 簽證7．refundn. 退款8．receptionn. 歡迎會(huì)；招待會(huì)9．embassyn. 使館10．saleswomann. 女推銷(xiāo)員，女銷(xiāo)售員(二)背重點(diǎn)單詞——寫(xiě)對(duì)才行1．lackv. 缺乏，缺少2．nodn. 點(diǎn)頭3．opportunityn. 機(jī)會(huì)4．formn. 表格5．tidyn. 使……整潔，整理6．favourn. 恩惠，照顧7．certainpron. 某些8．replyn. 回答，答復(fù)，回信9．firmn. 公司10．shortingn. 缺點(diǎn)，短處11．coincidencen. 巧合12．a(chǎn)wkwardadj. 尷尬的13．cautiousadj. 謹(jǐn)慎的，慎重的，小心的14．fooln. 傻瓜，笨蛋15．a(chǎn)nyhowadv. 不管怎么說(shuō)，無(wú)論如何16．hostessn. 女主人17．interruptv. 打斷18．graciouslyadv. 優(yōu)雅地19．functionn. 功能20．purposen. 目的(三)背拓展單詞——用準(zhǔn)才行1．formaladj.正式的→formallyadv.正式地→informaladj.非正式的2．confidentadj.自信的→confidentlyadv.自信地→confidencen．信心；自信3．a(chǎn)dvanceadj.預(yù)先的，在前的n.前進(jìn)v．前進(jìn)；提前→advancedadj.先進(jìn)的；高級(jí)的4．a(chǎn)pplyv．申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用→applicationn．申請(qǐng)→applicantn．申請(qǐng)人5．politeadj.禮貌的→impoliteadj.不禮貌的→impolitelyadv.不禮貌地→politenessn.禮貌，優(yōu)雅6．a(chǎn)bsentadj.缺席的，不在場(chǎng)的；缺少的，缺乏的→absencen．缺乏，不存在7．a(chǎn)pologyn．道歉，致歉→apologisev．道歉8．messn．混亂，困境→messyadj.棘手的，難辦的9．modestadj.謙虛的，謙遜的→modestyn．謙虛；謙遜→modestlyadv.謙虛地；謹(jǐn)慎地10．secretn.秘密→secretlyadv.秘密地→secretiveadj.秘而不宣的，隱藏的11．successn．成功→successfuladj.成功的→succeedvi.成功；繼承，接替12．imaginev．想象→imaginationn．想象，想象力→imaginaryadj.想象中的，幻想的，虛構(gòu)的→imaginativeadj.富于想象力的[語(yǔ)境活用]1．Ihaveinformedyouformallythatwe’dbetterholdaformalinterviewtosolvethematterbecausetheinformaldiscussionisnolongeruseful.(formal)2．Inordertogainanadvancedtechnology,thetroopareadvancingonthehighway.(advance)3．Itisimpoliteifyoushowyourfingerimpolitelytoothers,whichmeansyouareapersonwithoutpoliteness.(polite)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對(duì)不行1．lackv．缺乏，缺少n.缺乏背詞條用法(1)lacksth.缺乏/缺少某物(2)(a)lackof...缺乏/缺少……forlackof...因?yàn)槿狈Α?3)belackingin缺少(品質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等)；在……方面缺乏背寫(xiě)作佳句①(2020·天津高考)Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.缺乏天賦和時(shí)間不是不采取行動(dòng)的理由。②Forlackofconfidence,sheislackinginskillsofmunicating.由于缺乏自信，她缺乏溝通技巧。③Whilecollegegraduatesplainofalackofavailablejobs,factoriesarefacingdifficultiesinhiringworkers.雖然大學(xué)畢業(yè)生抱怨缺乏工作機(jī)會(huì)，但工廠(chǎng)在雇用工人方面卻面臨著困難。2．a(chǎn)dvanceadj.預(yù)先的，在前的v．前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展；促進(jìn)；提前n．前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步；增長(zhǎng)背詞條用法inadvance＝aheadoftime提前；預(yù)先inadvanceof比……進(jìn)步；在……之前makeanadvance/advancesin在……方面取得進(jìn)展背寫(xiě)作佳句①Asisknowntoall,Chinawillbeamoreadvancedandpowerfulcountryinthenearfuture.眾所周知，在不久的將來(lái)，中國(guó)將成為一個(gè)更先進(jìn)、更強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。②(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))Besides,IadviseyoutogotothebookstoretobuyahistorybookandlearnthehistoryoftheTangDynastyinadvance,whichcanhelpyoubetterunderstandthepoemstobelearned.另外，我建議你去書(shū)店買(mǎi)一本歷史書(shū)，提前了解唐朝的歷史，這樣可以幫助你更好地理解要學(xué)的詩(shī)歌。3．a(chǎn)bsencen．缺乏，不存在背詞條用法(1)beabsencefrom缺席；不在intheabsenceof(人)不在；缺席；(物)不存在，缺少in/duringone’sabsence在某人不在時(shí)/缺席時(shí)(2)beabsentfrom缺席；不在背寫(xiě)作佳句①Thereasonwhyshewasabsentfromthemeetingwasthatshewasfeelingunwell,andinherabsence,herworkwasinthechargeofherhusband.她缺席會(huì)議的原因是她感到不舒服。她不在時(shí)，她的工作由她丈夫負(fù)責(zé)。②Muchtomyregret,IwillbeabsentfromyourpartyowingtothefactthattheCollegeEntranceExaminationisjustaroundthecorner,forwhichIamnowreallybusypreparing.很遺憾，我將缺席你的聚會(huì)，因?yàn)楦呖季鸵搅?，我現(xiàn)在正忙著準(zhǔn)備。4．a(chǎn)pologyn．道歉，致歉背詞條用法(1)makeanapologytosb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而向某人道歉accept/refusean/one’sapology接受/拒絕某人的道歉(2)apologise/apologize(tosb.)for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而(向某人)道歉背寫(xiě)作佳句①Youshouldapologiseforwhatyouhavedone.你應(yīng)該為你的所作所為道歉。②Ifyouarereallywrong,youshouldapologize/apologisetoyourroommate.＝Ifyouarereallywrong,youshouldmakeanapologytoyourroommate.如果你真的錯(cuò)了，你應(yīng)該向你的室友道歉。(五)背短語(yǔ)詞塊——表達(dá)出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語(yǔ)再認(rèn)再現(xiàn)1．(be)_nervous_about 對(duì)……神經(jīng)緊張/害怕/ 膽怯/焦慮不安2．think_of 想起，回憶起3．look_away_from 把目光從……移開(kāi)4．in_addition 除此之外，另外5．find_out 了解(到)；找出(信息)6．a(chǎn)s_a_consequence 因此，結(jié)果7．cheer_sb._up 使某人高興/振作起來(lái)8．leave_out 省去，刪去9．(be)_aware_of 知道10．show_off 炫耀11．put_one’s_foot_in_one’s_mouth 犯使人難堪的錯(cuò)誤，說(shuō)錯(cuò)話(huà)12．make_friends 交朋友，建立友誼eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)拓展用活leaveout省去，刪去；遺漏；忽視，冷落；忽略，不考慮背相關(guān)短語(yǔ)leavefor動(dòng)身前往(某處)leavebehind遺留，遺忘；使落后leave...alone不打擾，不管，不顧leave...aside不予考慮，擱置背寫(xiě)作佳句①I(mǎi)’dappreciateitifyoucouldhelpmelookthroughtheEnglishpositiontocheckwhetherIhaveleftoutsomeinformation.如果你能幫我看一下英語(yǔ)作文，看看我是否遺漏了一些信息，我將不勝感激。②Byopeninganovel,Icanleavebehindmyburdensandenterintoawonderfulandmysteriousworld.打開(kāi)一本小說(shuō)，我可以?huà)侀_(kāi)包袱，進(jìn)入一個(gè)奇妙而神秘的世界。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫(xiě)作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1．Talktoamanabouthimself,andhewillspeaktoyouforhours!(祈使句＋and＋陳述句)和一個(gè)人談?wù)撍约海麜?huì)和你說(shuō)上幾個(gè)小時(shí)！佳句①Takemoreexercise,andyou’llbeestrongerandhealthier.多鍛煉，你就會(huì)更強(qiáng)壯、更健康。佳句②Standoverthere,andyouwillbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.站到那邊去，你會(huì)更清楚地看到那幅油畫(huà)。2．Hermottowas“EverytimeIopenmymouth,Iputmyfootinit.”(everytime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)她的“座右銘”是“每當(dāng)我張口，就會(huì)講錯(cuò)話(huà)?！奔丫洧?2019·浙江高考寫(xiě)作)EverytimeIseethesephotos,Ithinkofthehappyhourswespenttogether.每次看到這些照片，我都會(huì)想起我們一起度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光。佳句②EverytimeIgototheGreatWallforsightseeing,IwillfeelfairlyhonoredtobeaChinese.每次我去長(zhǎng)城觀(guān)光，作為一個(gè)中國(guó)人，我會(huì)感到很榮幸。3.Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.(Itis＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句)據(jù)估計(jì)80%的英語(yǔ)會(huì)話(huà)是閑聊。佳句①(2017·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))It’swidelyknownthattheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinAsiaandhassomanyscenicspots.眾所周知，長(zhǎng)江是亞洲最長(zhǎng)的河流，有很多景點(diǎn)。佳句②Itisreportedthatthreepeoplewerebadlyinjuredinthetrafficaccident.據(jù)報(bào)道有三個(gè)人在這起交通事故中受傷嚴(yán)重。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．Asweallknow,municationhasbeenplayinganimportantpartinpeople’slife.我們都知道，溝通已經(jīng)在人們的生活中起了重要作用。2．Intheclass,teachersandstudentsaretoestablishanewrelationship,andtocreateaharmoniousandrelaxedatmosphere.課堂上，老師和學(xué)生要建立新型的師生關(guān)系，并營(yíng)造一種和諧、輕松的氛圍。3．Notonlyaretheymodest,butalsotheyareverypolitetoteachersandotherstudents.他們不僅謙遜而且對(duì)老師和其他同學(xué)非常有禮貌。(二)背滿(mǎn)分作文——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學(xué)點(diǎn)——通知(一)[題目要求](2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)你受學(xué)生會(huì)委托為校宣傳欄“英語(yǔ)天地”寫(xiě)一則通知，請(qǐng)大家觀(guān)看一部英文短片GrowingTogether，內(nèi)容包括：1．短片內(nèi)容：學(xué)校的發(fā)展；2．放映時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；3．歡迎對(duì)短片提出意見(jiàn)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[背范文]NoticeAshortEnglishfilm—GrowingTogetherwillbeshownthisweekend.Thefilmmainlyfocusesonthedevelopmentofourschool,whichwillgreatlyhelpusstudentsknowaboutthehistoryanddevelopmentofourschool,andtheninspireustomakecontributionstoourschool.Anyonewhoshowsinterestinthefilmisweletoenjoyitinthelecturehall,locatedonthefirstfloorofthethirdteachingbuilding.Thefilmwilllast2hours,from5：20pmto7：20pmonSundayafternoon.Inordertogetagoodseatforseeing,you’dbetterarrivetwentyminutesearlier.Ifyouhaveanyopinionaboutthefilm,pleasesendemailstostudentunion@126.Lookingforwardtoyourvaluableadvice.StudentUnion[學(xué)亮點(diǎn)]1．學(xué)謀篇布局2．學(xué)亮麗開(kāi)頭本文開(kāi)頭直接用AshortEnglishfilm—GrowingTogetherwillbeshownthisweekend.介紹通知的主題內(nèi)容，直截了當(dāng)，符合通知的特點(diǎn)。3．學(xué)高級(jí)表達(dá)(1)使用高級(jí)詞語(yǔ)，如：focuson,inspire,makecontributionsto,showinterestin,beweleto,valuable等。(2)準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用高級(jí)句式，如：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句whichwillgreatlyhelpus...；限制性定語(yǔ)從句whoshowsinterestinthefilm；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)locatedonthefirstfloorofthethirdteachingbuilding；動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)Inordertogetagoodseatforseeing等，為文章增色添彩，提升了文章的檔次。4．學(xué)精彩結(jié)尾根據(jù)題目要求(歡迎對(duì)短片提出意見(jiàn))，考生用了一個(gè)含有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的句子Ifyouhaveanyopinionaboutthefilm,please...向同學(xué)們征求意見(jiàn)。最后用Lookingforwardtoyourvaluableadvice.表達(dá)了對(duì)大家提意見(jiàn)的期待。5．防微點(diǎn)失分考生容易把“AshortEnglishfilm—GrowingTogetherwillbeshownthisweekend.”中的shown誤用為showed，或把“Lookingforwardtoyourvaluableadvice.”中的advice誤用成advices，從而導(dǎo)致失分。學(xué)案(一)重點(diǎn)單詞的查漏補(bǔ)缺——打牢必備知識(shí)[全面練——練清易錯(cuò)微點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.CharlesMinguswasknownforbeingangryandoutspoken(直言不諱的)onthebandstand.2.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers(顧客)．3．Heisaconsideratepersonwhocanletothersgiveanansweronlyaftermature(成熟的)consideration.4．Tobehonest,thesituationisanawkward(尷尬的)one,whicheverwayyoulookatit.5．Butwhatdidyoumeanbyteasing(戲弄，嘲弄)thecreatureinthatmanner,Cathy?6．Yourroomissomessy(雜亂的)thatyoucan’tfindwhatyouwant.Ⅱ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出加藍(lán)部分的漢語(yǔ)意思1．Playingbasketballisoneformofphysicalexercise. 形式2．Itremainstobeseeniftheshowwillstillfindfavourwitha1990saudience.喜愛(ài)3．Moregenerally,theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory. 起作用4．Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel. 欺騙5．“Itissonaughtyofhimnottowipehisfeet，”Wendysaid,sighing.嘆息，嘆氣6．Ihadseriouslyconsideredtellingthestoryfromthepointofviewofthewives.認(rèn)真地，嚴(yán)肅地Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Marriagesusuallybreakdownasaresultoftheshortings(shorting)ofbothpartners.2．Wetakeoffourshoesandmakeourwaycautiously(cautious)alongthepassage.3．HesucceededhisfatherasCEOofthepany.Soontheirbusinessbecameverysuccessful,_andlotsofpeoplewantedtoknowthesecretofhissuccess.(success)4．“Well,ifthat’sthewayyouwantit，”hereplied,_tearsinhiseyes,“Iguessthat’sthat.”Buttherewasnoresponse.(reply)5．It’simpoliteforyoutomakesmalltalksinclass,andyouareconsideredtobehaveimpolitelyinpublic.Onthecontrary,it’spolitetolistentoteacherscarefully.(polite)6．AlthoughIhaveappliedtothisfirmforemployment,Ididn’treceiveanacknowledgementofmyapplicationsofar,fortherearesomanyapplicantsthere.(apply)名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”(1)outspoken的近義詞有：franklyspeaking“坦率的說(shuō)”；tobefrank“坦率的說(shuō)”；straightforward“坦率的，簡(jiǎn)單的，明確的，徑直的”；straight“坦率地；直的，筆直的”。(2)customer的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：consumer“消費(fèi)者”；custom“習(xí)慣，風(fēng)俗”；customs“海關(guān)，關(guān)稅”；client“客戶(hù)，委托人”。[重點(diǎn)練——深化高頻考點(diǎn)]1．lack[明其義]v．缺乏，缺少n．缺乏[通其用](1)填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~①Shefeltnervous,increasinglylackinginconfidenceaboutherself.②(2020·江蘇高考)Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.(2)補(bǔ)全句子③Nevertheless,manypeopleespeciallyteenagerssufferfroma_lack_of_confidence.然而，許多人，特別是青少年缺乏信心。④Hewasjustabouttomakeonelastoffer,buthelacked_the_couragetodoso.他正要提出最后一個(gè)建議，但他還缺乏勇氣那樣做。[解其困]lack既可以作動(dòng)詞也可作名詞。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面直接接賓語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后常與介詞for連用；作名詞時(shí)，后面常接介詞of。2．a(chǎn)dvance[明其義]adj.預(yù)先的，在前的_v．前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展；促進(jìn)；提前n．前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步；增長(zhǎng)[通其用](1)寫(xiě)出下列各句中advance的詞性及含義①ThedateofthemeetinghasbeenadvancedfromFridaytoMonday.v.提前②(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.v．促進(jìn)③Soquicklyarescienceandtechnologyadvancingthatwhatisapossibilitytodaymaybearealitytomorrow.v.進(jìn)展④Theinspectionsweresupposedtobeasurprise,butkeeperssometimeshadadvancenotice.adj.預(yù)先的(2)單句語(yǔ)法填空⑤Itisagoodideatoplaceyourorderwellinadvanceasdeliverycanoftentakemonthsratherthanweeks.⑥Weneedmoremoneyifwearetomakeanyfurtheradvancesinthisareaofscience.⑦Itisreportedthatthetroopwasarmedwiththemostadvanced(advance)weapons.[解其困]advance本身已有“向前”的意思，因此作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面不必再用forward。類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有：enter(進(jìn)入)不與into連用，return(回來(lái))不與back連用。3．a(chǎn)pology[明其義]n．道歉，致歉[通其用]補(bǔ)全句子①I(mǎi)trustyouwilltaketheearliestopportunitytomake_a_full_apology.我相信你會(huì)抓住最早的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)一次徹底的道歉。②(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Afterawhile,sheapologized_forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，她為她最開(kāi)始的行為道歉。③I’mwritingthislettertoexpressmy_apology_to_you_fornotwritingyoubackintime.我寫(xiě)信為沒(méi)有及時(shí)給你回信表示道歉。學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強(qiáng)化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗(yàn)收盤(pán)點(diǎn)]Ⅰ.詞塊點(diǎn)點(diǎn)練——選詞填空benervousabout，lookawayfrom，inadditionto，findout，asaconsequence，cheerup，leaveout，beawareof，showoff，putone’sfootinone’smouth1.Ishallmakeitmybusinesstofind_outwhoisresponsible.2．Whatweshoulddoistomakesurehedoesn’tput_his_foot_in_his_mouthagain.3.Sheworkedhardatherlessonsandas_a_consequencegothighmarks.4．Iwonderifyouaren’tjustalittlenervous_abouttheinterview.5．Whenyoutrytocheer_upacryingboy,youcanusesomecandywhichishelpful.6．Tobefrank,itisimportantforpeopletolook_away_fromthescreennowadays.7．Don’tcheathimanymore,forheis_aware_ofthepossibilityoftheseriousnessofhisillness.8．In_addition_toEnglish,hehastostudyasecondforeignlanguageafterenteringuniversity.9．Shelikestoshow_offhernicefigurebywearingtightdresses,whichmakesmesick.10．Itwascarelessofhimtoleave_outanimportantdetail.名師點(diǎn)撥“一站清”asaconsequence“因此，結(jié)果”；inconsequence“因此；結(jié)果”；asaconsequenceof“因此；由于……的結(jié)果”；inconsequenceof“由于……的緣故”。Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)對(duì)對(duì)碰——辨析比較cheerupVScheeronVScheerfor比較①Attheendofthegame,weallcheer_forthewinner.②Dadtoldmegently:“Cheer_up!Trytobebetternexttime.”③Theaudiencestandstocheer_ontheirteam,theVancouverCanucks.辨清cheerup“使高興，使振奮，振作起來(lái)，高興起來(lái)”；cheeron“鼓勵(lì)，為某人打氣”；cheerfor“為……歡呼，喝彩；給……加油”。Ⅲ.多義比比看——一詞多義(寫(xiě)出下列各句中l(wèi)eaveout的含義)①AlltheothersseemedtoknoweachotherandIbegantofeelleftout.忽視，冷落②Youcanleaveoutthepartsofthestorythatarenotinteresting.省去，刪去③Hedidn’tsayanythingthatwasfalse,butheleftoutimportantinformationonpurpose.遺漏④Weleftoutthepossibilityofhisingtotheparty.忽略[句式的驗(yàn)收盤(pán)點(diǎn)]Itis＋過(guò)去分詞＋that從句[通其用]1．補(bǔ)全句子①I(mǎi)t_is_hoped_thateveryoneshouldmakebetteruseofwater.希望人人都能更好地利用水。②It_is_believed_thatsheisnottheextremelyrightpersonforthisposition.大家都認(rèn)為她不是這一職位最合適的人選。③It_is_known_thatbothEnglishandFrencharespokeninCanada.眾所周知，加拿大既講英語(yǔ)也講法語(yǔ)。④It_is_thought_thattheywillnotwinthematch.大家都認(rèn)為，這場(chǎng)比賽他們贏不了。2．改寫(xiě)句子⑤Itissaidthatshewroteareportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.(改寫(xiě)為：發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式的完成式)→Sheissaidto_have_writtenareportaboutwildlifeprotectiontheotherday.據(jù)說(shuō)前幾天她寫(xiě)了一篇關(guān)于野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的報(bào)告。⑥Itissaidthatshewillgoabroadforfurtherstudynextmonth.(改寫(xiě)為：將來(lái)動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式)→Sheissaidto_go_abroadforfurtherstudynextmonth.據(jù)說(shuō)她下個(gè)月要出國(guó)進(jìn)修。[解其困]Itis＋過(guò)去分詞＋that...意為“據(jù)……”，it為形式主語(yǔ)，指代that引導(dǎo)的從句，可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有：(1)Itishopedthat...＝Itishopedto有人希望……(2)Itissaidthat...＝Itissaidto據(jù)說(shuō)……(3)Itisknownthat...＝Itisknownto眾所周知……(4)Itisthoughtthat...＝Itisthoughtto據(jù)認(rèn)為……(5)Itissuggestedthat...＝Itissuggestedto有人建議……以上幾種結(jié)構(gòu)還可以變?yōu)椤皊b.is＋過(guò)去分詞＋todo...”的結(jié)構(gòu)。使用時(shí)注意不定式的一般式、進(jìn)行式及完成式在句子中的變化。學(xué)案(三)高考語(yǔ)篇的價(jià)值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)2020全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·完形填空——對(duì)接課標(biāo)主題：良好的人際關(guān)系與社會(huì)交往（一）精讀真題——拓展語(yǔ)言能力(語(yǔ)篇中藍(lán)體詞匯為主題詞匯，請(qǐng)注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]Asabusinesswoman,Icare①deeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,__41__②canalsodriveyoumad.They’llerushingin,__42__theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll__43__thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createhavoc(混亂)andthen__44__ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.They’llhaveouthalfthe__45__intheshop,andwanttheonlystyleyoudon’thaveleftina__46__colour.eq\o(Idoknowhowupsettheshop,\s\do4(1))staffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep__47__③.[2]Irememberthefirstreally__48__customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas__49__absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrather__50__thatshebecamea“regular”④.Afterawhile,she__51__forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.eq\o(Shehad,\s\do4(2))splitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflateq\a\vs4\al(52)，andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith(應(yīng)對(duì)),she’dtakenitout⑤oneq\a\vs4\al(53)people.[3]Thattaughtmeavaluable__54__andIpassitontothepeoplewho__55__inthemarket.Don’ttakeit__56__.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult⑥，justthink“Maybeshe’shadarowwith⑦h(yuǎn)erhusband.Maybeherchild’snot__57__.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego(自我)get__58__.Ifyoudo,youwon’tbeableto__59__itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat__60__everyone’sday.,①微積累——care短語(yǔ)小結(jié)：careabout關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；在乎carefor照顧；喜歡takecareof照顧；負(fù)責(zé)withcare小心地②微技法——根據(jù)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題(第41題)：根據(jù)上一句可知作者非常關(guān)心顧客，下文舉例說(shuō)明了顧客的一些挑剔行為，結(jié)合But可知，此處是指顧客(customer)有時(shí)也會(huì)讓人抓狂。［析微點(diǎn)·厚積語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)］微語(yǔ)法——“助動(dòng)詞do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示強(qiáng)調(diào)句子(1)中助動(dòng)詞do強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know，know后面跟how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。③微技法——利用邏輯關(guān)系解題(第47題)：根據(jù)第一段最后一句中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but可知，此處填的詞應(yīng)與前一處分句中的upset意義相反。④微積累——熟詞生義：regularadj.規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的；定時(shí)的；頻繁的 (熟義)n．?？停现黝?(生義)⑤微點(diǎn)撥——takeitoutonsb.此短語(yǔ)極具迷惑性，不要停留在takeout短語(yǔ)上，此處意為“向……發(fā)泄；拿……撒氣”。⑥微積累——熟詞生義：difficultadj.困難的；費(fèi)力的 (熟義)adj.難以取悅的；難以討好的 (生義)⑦微點(diǎn)撥——同形異義：row意義一：n.吵架；爭(zhēng)吵；嚴(yán)重分歧v．吵架havearowwith...與……吵架意義二：n.一排；一列；一行v．劃(船)[理脈絡(luò)——內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律]（二）解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]41．A.shopkeepers B．customersC．salespersons D．receptionists解析：選B根據(jù)上文可知，此處表示，但就像你喜歡的任何人一樣，顧客也會(huì)把你逼瘋。customers“顧客”符合語(yǔ)境。shopkeeper“店主”；salesperson“售貨員”；receptionist“接待員”。42．A.saying B．pretendingC．guessing D．replying解析：選A根據(jù)“theirhandbag’sbeenstolen”及語(yǔ)境可知，他們會(huì)沖進(jìn)來(lái)，說(shuō)他們的手提包被偷了。43．A.agree B．promiseC．imagine D．swear解析：選D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他們會(huì)肯定地說(shuō)他們把它落在了更衣室里了。swear“肯定地說(shuō)”。44．A.forget B．decideC．discover D．a(chǎn)ssume解析：選C上一句說(shuō)顧客說(shuō)他們的手提包被盜，此處表示“然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直在他們的車(chē)?yán)铩?。discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。45．A.foods B．cataloguesC．belongings D．goods解析：選D根據(jù)空后的shop和語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)指商店中的“商品”，故選goods。catalogue“目錄”；belongings“財(cái)物”。46．A.particular B．differentC．matching D．natural解析：選A根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示顧客們只想要店里沒(méi)有剩余的某一特定顏色的款式。different“不同的”；matching“相同的，相配的”；natural“自然的”。47．A.fighting B．smilingC．waiting D．changing解析：選B根據(jù)空前一句和連詞but可知，此處表示“我”知道店員會(huì)變得多沮喪，但“我”努力說(shuō)服他們保持微笑。故選B。48．A.generous B．politeC．careless D．difficult解析：選D根據(jù)下文中的“Shewas...nothingwasright”可知，這個(gè)顧客很難應(yīng)付。difficult“難以取悅的”，符合語(yǔ)境。49．A.curiousabout B．displeasedwithC．patientwith D．uncertainabout解析：選B根據(jù)下文中的“nothingwasright”可知，她對(duì)一切都不滿(mǎn)意。bedispleasedwith“對(duì)……不滿(mǎn)意”。50．A.relaxed B．delightedC．surprised D．embarrassed解析：選C根據(jù)上文可知，顧客對(duì)一切都不滿(mǎn)意，但后來(lái)卻成了一位?？?，所以“我”對(duì)此很驚訝。51．A.searched B．a(chǎn)rguedC．prayed D．a(chǎn)pologized解析：選D根據(jù)下文可知，事后她為自己開(kāi)始的行為道歉。apologize“道歉”。52．A.bychance B．byherselfC．onpurpose D．onduty解析：選B由于和丈夫分開(kāi)了，所以她獨(dú)自一人住在公寓里。bychance“碰巧，偶然”；onpurpose“故意”；onduty“值班”。53．A.rude B．suchC．other D．lonely解析：選C因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)要應(yīng)對(duì)很多問(wèn)題，便將情緒發(fā)泄給他人。takeitoutonsb.“拿某人出氣”。54．A.lessonB．trickC．skill D．trade解析：選A根據(jù)常識(shí)和語(yǔ)境可知，這件事給了作者一個(gè)寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(lesson)。55．A.work B．shopC．meet D．quarrel解析：選A“我”把這一經(jīng)驗(yàn)傳授給在商場(chǎng)工作的人。56．A.kindly B．secretlyC．personally D．casually解析：選Ctakesth.personally.“因認(rèn)為某人的言行針對(duì)自己而不快”。57．A.ready B．a(chǎn)wayC．up D．well解析：選D本句與前一句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，是使顧客不好相處的一個(gè)原因，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處是說(shuō)“可能她的孩子不舒服”。58．A.outofsight B．inthewayC．behindthescene D．a(chǎn)bovethelaw解析：選B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示不要讓你的自我妨礙自己。outofsight“看不見(jiàn)”；behindthescene“秘密地，在幕后”；abovethelaw“凌駕于法律之上”。59．A.stress B．expectC．handle D．blame解析：選C如果你讓自我意識(shí)阻礙了你，你將不能處理這件事，整件事就會(huì)發(fā)展為令人不愉快的情形，同時(shí)也會(huì)毀了每個(gè)人的一天。60．A.ruins B．makesC．starts D．saves解析：選A參見(jiàn)上題解析。ruin“毀壞，毀掉”。[為什么考·有何價(jià)值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)1．邏輯性思維文中第50題主要考查學(xué)生的邏輯性思維。根據(jù)前文“nothingwasright”可知，這位顧客對(duì)一切都不滿(mǎn)意，難以取悅；根據(jù)下文“shebecamea‘regular’”可知，這位“難以取悅的顧客”成為店里的“常客”，故可推知作者因這種變化而“感到驚訝”。2．系統(tǒng)性思維文中第58題考查系統(tǒng)性思維。解答本題要結(jié)合前文內(nèi)容。根據(jù)前文“Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink‘Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot__57__.’”可知，如果有顧客很粗魯或者難以取悅，就要從多角度思考，設(shè)想對(duì)方可能的處境，由此可推知，此處是指不要讓自我“妨礙”了工作。二、聚焦核心價(jià)值本文是一篇記敘文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì)，主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為社會(huì)服務(wù)與人際溝通。文章通過(guò)講述作者在銷(xiāo)售過(guò)程中經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到被顧客刁難的情況，但在經(jīng)歷過(guò)一位女顧客因家庭矛盾，借購(gòu)物發(fā)泄不滿(mǎn)，事后向作者道歉的事情之后，作者總結(jié)出一個(gè)道理，我們要學(xué)會(huì)從多角度看待問(wèn)題，學(xué)會(huì)以包容的心態(tài)看待身邊的人和事。文章旨在倡導(dǎo)人際關(guān)系和諧，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生建立良好的人際關(guān)系和提升人際交往能力。（三）借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Asweallknow,mysisterdoesn’tcareaboutdetails.2．EventhoughIhavebeenawayfromhometownformanyyears,Istillhaveaffectionforit.3．Itriedtopersuadehimto_accept(accept)myadvice,butinvain.4．Theybehavedbadly(bad)totheguests,whichmadeusannoyed.5．Itisunbelievable(believable)thatthedogthathadbeenlostforayearcameback.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子1．Whathedidatthepartyreallydrove_me_mad(使我發(fā)瘋)．2．Hefounditdifficulttocope_with(應(yīng)對(duì))thenaughtboys.3．Shehad_a_row_with_(與……吵架)herparentsandlefthome.4．Ifyougoonbullyinggirlsintheclass,I’msuretoteach_you_a_lesson(給你個(gè)教訓(xùn))．5．Ido_hope(確實(shí)希望)mysuggestionscanbeofgreatbenefittoyou.Ⅲ.分析長(zhǎng)難句They’llswearthattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createhavoc(混亂)andthendiscoveredithadbeenintheircarallthetime.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是含有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語(yǔ)是they，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是swear。swear后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句；discover后跟一個(gè)省略that的賓語(yǔ)從句。[句意翻譯]他們會(huì)肯定地說(shuō)自己把它落在了更衣室里，制造混亂然后發(fā)現(xiàn)它一直都在他們的車(chē)?yán)铩＂?語(yǔ)法填空IrememberthefirstreallydifficultcustomerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewasdispleasedwith1.absolutely_(absolute)everything,nothingwasrightandIwasrather2.surprised(surprise)thatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,sheapologized3.forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflatbyherself,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuch4.to_cope_(cope)with，she’dtakenitoutonotherpeople.That5.taught(teach)meavaluablelessonandIpassitontothepeople6.whoworkinthemarket.Don’ttakeitpersonally.7.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink“Maybeshe’shadarowwith8.her(she)husband.Maybeherchild’snotwell.”Alwayswateritdown9.anddon’tletyouregogetintheway.Ifyoudo,youwon’tbeabletohandleitandthewholethingdevelopsinto10._anunpleasantsceneandthatruinseveryone’sday.Ⅴ.主題語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)作假定你是商店的一位銷(xiāo)售員，有一天，你遇到一個(gè)特別難取悅的顧客時(shí)，你經(jīng)過(guò)自己的耐心服務(wù)，終于讓顧客滿(mǎn)意。請(qǐng)描述一下當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：Iwalkedtotheladywithabigsmileandsaid,“WhatcanIdoforyou,lady？”Thewomanevendidn’tlookatmeandturnedaround.Irepeatedmywordsagain.Thenshesaid,“Iwanttobuyafursweater.”Asitwassummerthen,wedidn’thavesweatersonsale.SoIexplainedandapologizedtoher.Atthesametime,IpromisedIwouldinformherassoonaswehadsweaters.Atlast,thewomansmiledandthankedme,leavingtheshopwithasatisfiedexpression.課下主題訓(xùn)練良好的人際關(guān)系與社會(huì)交往Ⅰ.閱讀理解AIdidanexperimentbytalkingtostrangersrecently.HerearesomethingsIexperiencedduringtheexperiment.OnOctober9th,whilevisitingmyfamilyhometownforawedding,Imetamansittingonthesideofthehotelpool.Westartedtalking.ItturnedoutthathehadjustmovedtotheareawithhisfamilyfromChicago.ItoldhimwhatIknewaboutthemunity,theschools,andparticularneighborhoodswherehewaslookingtobuyahouse.Hewasgratefultomeformyinformation.Theinteractionmademefeelusefulandvaluable.OnMay20th,wehadthreemenfromatreetrimming(修剪)panyvisitingourhousetocutbackourtrees.Normally,Iwouldletthemworkoutsidewithoutengagingtheminconversation.Thistime,aftertheyfinishedtheirwork,Iaskedoneofthetreetrimmers,onlyhalf-joking,iftheyfellofftreesfrequently.Oneofthetreetrimmerssaidthathehadbeenclimbingtreesfor27yearsandreportedhehadfallenoutofatreeonceandhurthisknee.Ilovedthatconversation.Ididn’talwaystalktosomeonewhosejobwastoclimbuptrees,butitwasinterestingforlearningabouthowtheydidit.IalsorealizedIlearnedsomethingnew.OnMay30th,IwenttoanoutdoorblockpartyonFridaynight,alongwithmywifeandour3-month-oldbaby.Ourbabywaswearingoversizednoise-cancellingheadphonesthattrulylookedprettyridiculousonababy.WhenItriedtotalkwithothers,theyimmediatelystartedtalkingwithmeafterseeingthebaby.Ifounditwasalmostveryeasytostarttalkingwithpeoplewhenyouhadababywithyou.Allinall,Ifeltgreataboutmostofmyinteractionswithstrangers.Almosteveryinteractionleftmefeelingalittlehappier.IalsofeltIlearnednewthingsbytalkingtopeoplefromdifferentwalksoflifewhoIwouldn’tnormallymeet.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章的作者做了一個(gè)與閑聊有關(guān)的試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)結(jié)束后發(fā)現(xiàn)自己頗有收獲。1．Themanwasgratefultotheauthorbecause________.A．hemadehisfirstfriendthereB．hegainedsomeusefulinformationC．theauthorhelpedhimkillthetimeD．theauthorhelpedhimmakeadecision解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItoldhimwhatIknew...gratefultomeformyinformation.”可知，那人感激作者是因?yàn)榈玫搅艘恍┯杏玫男畔ⅰ?．Thetreetrimmerwhotalkedwiththeauthor________.A．didn’tliketalkingtostrangersB．wasarespectableworkerC．wasn’taverycarefulmanD．gotinjuredonceatwork解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Oneofthetreetrimmerssaid...hurthisknee.”可知那人曾經(jīng)在工作的時(shí)候受過(guò)傷。3．WhatdidtheauthorprobablylearnfromtheexperienceonMay30th?A．Babiesaregreatconversationstarters.B．It’sinconvenienttogooutwithababy.C．Peoplelovelookingatridiculousbabies.D．It’snotchallengingtotalkwithstrangers.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，這次經(jīng)歷讓作者意識(shí)到小孩是開(kāi)展閑聊的利器。4．Atthisexperiment,theauthormostprobablyfoundit________.A．useless B．excitingC．rewarding D．embarrassing解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的敘述可推斷，作者覺(jué)得這次經(jīng)歷很值得。B(2021·遂寧高三檢測(cè))Haveyouevercaughtyourselfsaying,“Ihatesmalltalk！”theminuteyouwalkintoaparty?Ifso,youmightbeanintrovert(內(nèi)向的人).Introvertshatetochatabout“small”subjectswithpeople.Theyarefinewhenyoutalkoneononebutseemtogetlostinthecrowdwhenthere’sagrouparound.Ifyou’retalkingtoanintrovert,youmightfindthatyourfirstfewconversationsgooneoftwoways.Eitherthey’llseemtogetboredandnotsaymuchorthey’llseemtoskateoversmalltalkinfavorofmorein-depthtopics.Whatyouneedtoknowisthattheintrovertisnotbeingrude.It’sjustthattheydon’tlikesmalltalk.Here’swhy.Smalltalkservesasagatewaytowarddeeperconversation.Someintrovertsdon’trealizethatsmalltalkwillactuallyhelpthemgettothebiggertopics.Youdon’tneedtostayonsmalltalkforever.However,sometimesintrovertsfeelthateventheshortamountoftimeittakestogetintotherealconversationisawasteoftime.Smalltalkisveryfast.Someonesayssomethingandthisshouldbefollowedupwithaquickresponse.Butintrovertsliketochewontheirwordsbeforesayingthemaloud.Beforetheyanswer,they’llmull_overdifferentthoughts.Smalltalkbyitsverynatureinvitesmorepeopletojoinin.Themorepeoplewhojointheconversation,themoretheintrovertwilltendtostepback.Asaresult,they’llbequiet.Smalltalkisaboutthrowingoutsubjectsinthehopethatoneormoreofthemcanbeturnedintoamonpointofinterest.Thelisteninginvolvedwithsmalltalkisnotin-depth.Thepurposeisaboutlistening“l(fā)ightly”soyoucanfigureouttherighttopicstospendsometimeon.Introvertstendtobegreatlisteners,buttheyuseactivelisteningratherthanlightlistening.Thismakesthemwonderfulfriends,butcanalsomakeitdifficultfornewpeopletounderstandwhythey’resoquiet.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要講述了內(nèi)向的人不喜歡和人閑聊，尤其是面對(duì)一群人會(huì)不知所措。事實(shí)上閑聊是通向深入交談的大門(mén)。5．Howdointrovertsrespondtoachat?A．Theytrytoavoidit.B．Theygetexcitedaboutit.C．Theygiveittheirfullattention.D．Theyfocusonunimpo