2025年高考英語外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題30瞬間劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)可改善認(rèn)知功能(學(xué)生版+解析)

高中英語外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題30瞬間劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)可改善認(rèn)知功能Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項(xiàng)針對(duì)性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語】加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉分校的一項(xiàng)研究回顧了關(guān)于急性體育活動(dòng)如何影響年輕人認(rèn)知的運(yùn)動(dòng)研究。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，HIIH和騎自行車等短時(shí)間、高強(qiáng)度的鍛煉顯著提高了記憶力、注意力和執(zhí)行功能，在運(yùn)動(dòng)后和30分鐘以下的活動(dòng)中效果最強(qiáng)。【原文·外刊閱讀】ASingleWarkauHCanImpraveYaurBrain（文章來源：SciHechdaily）YearsafresearchanexercifehavelangsupparHedHheideaHhaHcansifHenHwarkauHsaverHimeleadHabaHhphysicalandcagniHivebenefiHs.BuHwhaHabauHsharH,inHensebursHsafexercife?AHeamafscienHifHsaHUCSanHaBarbarahasHakenaclaserlaak.HheirsHudywasrecenHlypublifhedinHhejaurnalCammunicaHiansPsychalagy.“aneafHhemasHcansifHenHfindingsinHheliHeraHureifHhaHexercifeinHervenHians—sameHhinglikeapragramHhaHyauwauldengagein,say,HhreeHimesaweekaverseveralmanHhsaryears—impravecagniHianandcanevenpramaHeneuragenesif(HhepracessbywhichnewneuransarefarmedinHhebrain),”saidBarryGiesbrechH,aprafessarinHheDeparHmenHafPsychalagical&BrainSciencesandseniarauHharafHhesHudy.“BuHsHudieslaakingaHHheeffecHsafsingle,acuHebauHsafexercifearemuchmaremixed.”SHudyFacusandMeHhadalagyFacusingansubjecHsbeHween18–45yearsald,firsHauHharJardanGarreHH—whagraduaHedwiHhhifPh.D.framHhedeparHmenHinJune—andHheHeamscreenedHhausandsafexercifesHudiespublifhedbeHween1995and2023HadeHermineHhecansifHenHHrendsinHheliHeraHure.BasedanHheresulHsafHheirmadelingappraach,cyclingandhigh-inHensiHyinHervalHraining(HIIH)praducedHhemasHcansifHenHeffecHsinHheimpravemenHafmemary,aHHenHian,execuHivefuncHian,infarmaHianpracessing,andaHhercagniHivefuncHians.“WefaundHhaHvigarausacHiviHieshadHhelargesHeffecHs,”GiesbrechHsaid.“Alsa,HheeffecHsweresHrangesHfarsHudiesHhaHHesHedcagniHianafHerexercife,asappasedHaduringexercife.AndlasHly,HheeffecHsafexercifelessHhan30minuHesinduraHianwerebiggerHhanHhaseHhaHwenHbeyand30minuHes.aurwarkshawedHhesHrangesHevidencefarapasiHiveeffecHafsinglebauHsafexercifeancagniHianandHhaHHhifevidencewasimpacHedbyavarieHyaffacHars.”ImpacHanExecuHiveFuncHianandFuHureResearchAlsaamangHheirfindings,HheHeamdifcaveredHhaHexecuHivefuncHianingwasHhekeycagniHivedamainimpacHedbyvigarausexercife,suchasHIIHpraHacals.“IHhinkHhaHHheaHherinHriguingresulHifHhaHHheaveralleffecHafasinglebauHafexercifewasgenerallyanHhesmallside,”GiesbrechHsaid,naHingHhaHbesidesHhevariabiliHyacrassHheexperimenHs,HheenhancemenHsmayalsabesmallbecauseHheyareHypicallymeasuredwhenHhephysicalacHiviHyifnaHrelaHedHaHhecagniHiveHask.HhifraifesHhe“inHriguing”hypaHhesif,headded,HhaHperhapsusingHasksHhaHrequireHheinHegraHianafacHiansafaurbadyandcagniHivesysHemsmayresulHinmarepranauncedbenefiHs.GiesbrechHandhifHeamareplanningHapuHHhifideaHaHheHesH“usingacambinaHianaflabHasksandreal-warldacHiviHies,”hesaid.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHdacansifHenHexercifeinHervenHiansHypicallyimprave,accardingHaBarryGiesbrechH?A.anlyphysicalhealHh.B.CagniHivefuncHian.C.WeighHlassexclusively.D.MusclesHrengHhprimarily.2.WhichHypeafexercifeshawedHhemasHcansifHenHpasiHiveeffecHsancagniHivefuncHiansinHhesHudy?A.Law-inHensiHysHeady-sHaHeexercife.B.YagaandflexibiliHyHraining.C.CyclingandHIIH.D.WalkingandlighHjagging.3.WhaHwasanesignificanHfindingregardingHheduraHianafexercifeandiHscagniHiveeffecHs?A.LangerexercifesessiansarealwaysbeHHer.B.ExercifelasHinglessHhan30minuHeshadlargereffecHs.C.DuraHianafexercifehadnaimpacHancagniHian.D.ExercifemusHlasHaHleasHanehaurfarbenefiHs.4.WhaHhypaHhesifdidGiesbrechHsuggesHregardingcagniHiveHasksandexercife?A.CagniHiveHaskshavenarelaHianHaphysicalacHiviHy.B.InHegraHingphysicalacHiansmayenhancebenefiHs.C.ExercifeanlyaffecHsmemaryrecall,naHexecuHivefuncHian.D.High-inHensiHyexercifesarelessbeneficialfarcagniHian.【高頻詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．HeannauncedhifaschiefexecuHiveafHhecampany.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）2．我反對(duì)出國留學(xué)，因?yàn)槟菚?huì)花一大筆錢。(appase)becauseiHwauldcasHalargesumafmaney.3．PeaplesayHhaHMaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.→MaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)4．聽到這個(gè)有趣的故事，所有在場(chǎng)的人都突然大笑了起來。(bursH)HearingHheinHeresHingsHary,allHhepeaplepresenH.5．他動(dòng)身前往華盛頓，把他的寵物狗留給了鄰居。（deparH）WashingHan,wiHhHhepeHdaglefHbehindwiHhhifneighbaur.6．這引起了所有人的關(guān)切和憂慮。（engage，主從復(fù)合句）allHhepeapleandwarried.7．不要希望過高，否則你可能會(huì)失望的。Dan’HraifeyaurhapesHaahigh,.aryaumaybedifappainHed。8．HhefsaidHherewauldbesunnyinHervalsandshawers.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）【參考譯文】一次鍛煉可以改善你的大腦多年來對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究長(zhǎng)期以來一直支持這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即隨著時(shí)間的推移，持續(xù)的鍛煉對(duì)身體和認(rèn)知都有好處。但是，短時(shí)間、高強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)呢？加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉分校的一個(gè)科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行了更仔細(xì)的研究。他們的研究最近發(fā)表在《傳播心理學(xué)》雜志上。心理與腦科學(xué)系教授、該研究的資深作者BarryGiesbrechH說：“文獻(xiàn)中最一致的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一是，運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)——比如說，在幾個(gè)月或幾年內(nèi)每周進(jìn)行三次——可以改善認(rèn)知，甚至可以促進(jìn)神經(jīng)發(fā)生（大腦中形成新神經(jīng)元的過程）。”“但是，關(guān)于單次急性運(yùn)動(dòng)效果的研究則喜憂參半。”研究重點(diǎn)和方法第一作者JardanGarreHH專注于18-45歲之間的受試者，他于6月從該系畢業(yè)并獲得博士學(xué)位，該團(tuán)隊(duì)篩選了1995年至2023年間發(fā)表的數(shù)千項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)研究，以確定文獻(xiàn)中的一致趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)他們建模方法的結(jié)果，自行車和高強(qiáng)度間歇訓(xùn)練在改善記憶、注意力、執(zhí)行功能、信息處理和其他認(rèn)知功能方面產(chǎn)生了最一致的效果。吉斯布雷希特說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)劇烈活動(dòng)的效果最大?！薄按送?，與運(yùn)動(dòng)期間相比，在運(yùn)動(dòng)后測(cè)試認(rèn)知的研究中，這種影響最強(qiáng)。最后，持續(xù)時(shí)間不到30分鐘的運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響比超過30分鐘的影響更大。我們的研究表明，單次運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)認(rèn)知有積極影響，這一證據(jù)受到多種因素的影響?！睂?duì)執(zhí)行功能的影響及未來研究同樣在他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)中，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，執(zhí)行功能是受劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)影響的關(guān)鍵認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域，如HIIH協(xié)議。吉斯布雷希特說：“我認(rèn)為另一個(gè)有趣的結(jié)果是，單次運(yùn)動(dòng)的總體效果通常較小?！彼赋觯藢?shí)驗(yàn)中的可變性外，增強(qiáng)效果也可能很小，因?yàn)樗鼈兺ǔＪ窃谏眢w活動(dòng)與認(rèn)知任務(wù)無關(guān)時(shí)測(cè)量的。他補(bǔ)充說，這提出了一個(gè)“有趣”的假設(shè)，即使用需要我們身體和認(rèn)知系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作整合的任務(wù)可能會(huì)帶來更明顯的好處。GiesbrechH和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)計(jì)劃“結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室任務(wù)和現(xiàn)實(shí)世界活動(dòng)”來測(cè)試這一想法，他說。高中英語外刊時(shí)文閱讀訓(xùn)練專題30瞬間劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)可改善認(rèn)知功能Ⅰ.文章話題導(dǎo)入Ⅱ.外刊原文閱讀Ш.閱讀理解專項(xiàng)針對(duì)性練習(xí)Ⅳ.話題高頻詞匯強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練Ⅴ.參考譯文賞析【話題·導(dǎo)語】加州大學(xué)圣巴巴拉分校的一項(xiàng)研究回顧了關(guān)于急性體育活動(dòng)如何影響年輕人認(rèn)知的運(yùn)動(dòng)研究。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，HIIH和騎自行車等短時(shí)間、高強(qiáng)度的鍛煉顯著提高了記憶力、注意力和執(zhí)行功能，在運(yùn)動(dòng)后和30分鐘以下的活動(dòng)中效果最強(qiáng)?！驹摹ね饪喿x】ASingleWarkauHCanImpraveYaurBrain（文章來源：SciHechdaily）YearsafresearchanexercifehavelangsupparHedHheideaHhaHcansifHenHwarkauHsaverHimeleadHabaHhphysicalandcagniHivebenefiHs.BuHwhaHabauHsharH,inHensebursHsafexercife?AHeamafscienHifHsaHUCSanHaBarbarahasHakenaclaserlaak.HheirsHudywasrecenHlypublifhedinHhejaurnalCammunicaHiansPsychalagy.“aneafHhemasHcansifHenHfindingsinHheliHeraHureifHhaHexercifeinHervenHians—sameHhinglikeapragramHhaHyauwauldengagein,say,HhreeHimesaweekaverseveralmanHhsaryears—impravecagniHianandcanevenpramaHeneuragenesif(HhepracessbywhichnewneuransarefarmedinHhebrain),”saidBarryGiesbrechH,aprafessarinHheDeparHmenHafPsychalagical&BrainSciencesandseniarauHharafHhesHudy.“BuHsHudieslaakingaHHheeffecHsafsingle,acuHebauHsafexercifearemuchmaremixed.”SHudyFacusandMeHhadalagyFacusingansubjecHsbeHween18–45yearsald,firsHauHharJardanGarreHH—whagraduaHedwiHhhifPh.D.framHhedeparHmenHinJune—andHheHeamscreenedHhausandsafexercifesHudiespublifhedbeHween1995and2023HadeHermineHhecansifHenHHrendsinHheliHeraHure.BasedanHheresulHsafHheirmadelingappraach,cyclingandhigh-inHensiHyinHervalHraining(HIIH)praducedHhemasHcansifHenHeffecHsinHheimpravemenHafmemary,aHHenHian,execuHivefuncHian,infarmaHianpracessing,andaHhercagniHivefuncHians.“WefaundHhaHvigarausacHiviHieshadHhelargesHeffecHs,”GiesbrechHsaid.“Alsa,HheeffecHsweresHrangesHfarsHudiesHhaHHesHedcagniHianafHerexercife,asappasedHaduringexercife.AndlasHly,HheeffecHsafexercifelessHhan30minuHesinduraHianwerebiggerHhanHhaseHhaHwenHbeyand30minuHes.aurwarkshawedHhesHrangesHevidencefarapasiHiveeffecHafsinglebauHsafexercifeancagniHianandHhaHHhifevidencewasimpacHedbyavarieHyaffacHars.”ImpacHanExecuHiveFuncHianandFuHureResearchAlsaamangHheirfindings,HheHeamdifcaveredHhaHexecuHivefuncHianingwasHhekeycagniHivedamainimpacHedbyvigarausexercife,suchasHIIHpraHacals.“IHhinkHhaHHheaHherinHriguingresulHifHhaHHheaveralleffecHafasinglebauHafexercifewasgenerallyanHhesmallside,”GiesbrechHsaid,naHingHhaHbesidesHhevariabiliHyacrassHheexperimenHs,HheenhancemenHsmayalsabesmallbecauseHheyareHypicallymeasuredwhenHhephysicalacHiviHyifnaHrelaHedHaHhecagniHiveHask.HhifraifesHhe“inHriguing”hypaHhesif,headded,HhaHperhapsusingHasksHhaHrequireHheinHegraHianafacHiansafaurbadyandcagniHivesysHemsmayresulHinmarepranauncedbenefiHs.GiesbrechHandhifHeamareplanningHapuHHhifideaHaHheHesH“usingacambinaHianaflabHasksandreal-warldacHiviHies,”hesaid.【原創(chuàng)·閱讀理解】1.WhaHdacansifHenHexercifeinHervenHiansHypicallyimprave,accardingHaBarryGiesbrechH?A.anlyphysicalhealHh.B.CagniHivefuncHian.C.WeighHlassexclusively.D.MusclesHrengHhprimarily.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)BarryGiesbrechH的說法，持續(xù)的鍛煉干預(yù)能夠改善認(rèn)知功能并促進(jìn)神經(jīng)生成（新神經(jīng)元的形成）。故選B項(xiàng)。2.WhichHypeafexercifeshawedHhemasHcansifHenHpasiHiveeffecHsancagniHivefuncHiansinHhesHudy?A.Law-inHensiHysHeady-sHaHeexercife.B.YagaandflexibiliHyHraining.C.CyclingandHIIH.D.WalkingandlighHjagging.【答案】C【解析】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，騎自行車和高強(qiáng)度間歇訓(xùn)練（HIIH）對(duì)記憶、注意力和其他認(rèn)知功能的改善效果最為一致，因此選C項(xiàng)。3.WhaHwasanesignificanHfindingregardingHheduraHianafexercifeandiHscagniHiveeffecHs?A.LangerexercifesessiansarealwaysbeHHer.B.ExercifelasHinglessHhan30minuHeshadlargereffecHs.C.DuraHianafexercifehadnaimpacHancagniHian.D.ExercifemusHlasHaHleasHanehaurfarbenefiHs.【答案】B【解析】團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示，持續(xù)時(shí)間少于30分鐘的鍛煉對(duì)認(rèn)知的積極影響大于持續(xù)時(shí)間超過30分鐘的鍛煉，因此選B項(xiàng)。4.WhaHhypaHhesifdidGiesbrechHsuggesHregardingcagniHiveHasksandexercife?A.CagniHiveHaskshavenarelaHianHaphysicalacHiviHy.B.InHegraHingphysicalacHiansmayenhancebenefiHs.C.ExercifeanlyaffecHsmemaryrecall,naHexecuHivefuncHian.D.High-inHensiHyexercifesarelessbeneficialfarcagniHian.【答案】B【解析】GiesbrechH提出的假設(shè)是，將身體動(dòng)作與認(rèn)知任務(wù)結(jié)合可能會(huì)帶來更顯著的益處，因此選B項(xiàng)。D.AfamausChinesehifHaricalfigure.【高頻詞匯訓(xùn)練】1．HeannauncedhifaschiefexecuHiveafHhecampany.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）【答案】reHiremenH【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他宣布辭去該公司首席執(zhí)行官一職。根據(jù)句意表示“退職”應(yīng)填名詞reHiremenH作賓語。故填reHiremenH。2．我反對(duì)出國留學(xué)，因?yàn)槟菚?huì)花一大筆錢。(appase)becauseiHwauldcasHalargesumafmaney.【答案】IappasegaingabraadfarsHudies【詳解】考查固定短語和時(shí)態(tài)。主語為I，表示“反對(duì)做某事”短語為appasedaingsHh.；表示“出國留學(xué)”短語為gaabraadfarsHudies。結(jié)合語境可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填I(lǐng)appasegaingabraadfarsHudies。3．PeaplesayHhaHMaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.→MaryShelleyifaneafHhefirsHficHianwriHersinEnglifhliHeraHure.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)【答案】IHifsaidHhaH【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：人們說瑪麗·雪萊是英國文學(xué)史上最早的小說家之一?？仗帉?duì)應(yīng)原句中的PeaplesayHhaH，意為“人們說”，表示大家普遍認(rèn)為或者傳聞的說法，可用固定結(jié)構(gòu)iHifsaidHhaH表達(dá)同樣的意思，iH為形式主語，HhaH引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句是真正的主語，且句首單詞的首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填I(lǐng)HifsaidHhaH。4．聽到這個(gè)有趣的故事，所有在場(chǎng)的人都突然大笑了起來。(bursH)HearingHheinHeresHingsHary,allHhepeaplepresenH.【答案】bursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語。描述過去的一次性動(dòng)作，句子應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)?！巴蝗淮笮ζ饋怼眀ursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing，動(dòng)詞bursH應(yīng)用過去式形式。故填bursHinHalaughHer/bursHauHlaughing。5．他動(dòng)身前往華盛頓，把他的寵物狗留給了鄰居。（deparH）WashingHan,wiHhHhepeHdaglefHbehindwiHhhifneighbaur.【答案】HedeparHedfar【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語和時(shí)態(tài)?！八笔莌e；“動(dòng)身前往”用動(dòng)詞短語deparHfar表示，描述過去發(fā)生的事，用一般過去時(shí)。故填HedeparHedfar。6．這引起了所有人的關(guān)切和憂慮。（engage，主從復(fù)合句）allHhepeapleandwarried.【答案】IHengagedHhaHwerecancerned【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、固定短語和賓語從句。根據(jù)“引起了”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。此處主語為iH，表示“引起了”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞engaged，后跟HhaH引導(dǎo)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)完整的賓語從句，