【MOOC】英語語音-上海師范大學(xué) 中國大學(xué)慕課MOOC答案

【MOOC】英語語音-上海師范大學(xué)中國大學(xué)慕課MOOC答案AchievementTest11、【單選題】Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________本題答案：【velum】2、【單選題】Thebackofthetonguehelpstoproduce__________sounds.本題答案：【velar】3、【單選題】/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.本題答案：【theupperandlowerlip】4、【單選題】Thesoundsproducedwiththehelpoftheupperteetharecalled__________sounds.本題答案：【dental】5、【單選題】Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.本題答案：【speechproduction】6、【單選題】Theorgansthattakepartinproductionofspeechsoundsarecalled__________本題答案：【speechorgans】7、【單選題】Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.本題答案：【allophones】8、【單選題】InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).本題答案：【complementarydistribution】9、【單選題】UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.本題答案：【narrow】10、【單選題】/p/and/b/canappearininitialposition(asinpinandbin)andalsoinfinalposition(asinropeandrobe)．Theyareinphonemiccontrastandsaidtoforma_______________becausetheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddistinguishmeaning.本題答案：【minimalpair】AchievementTest21、【單選題】Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.本題答案：【airstream】2、【單選題】The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.本題答案：【Received】3、【單選題】Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.本題答案：【/?/】4、【單選題】Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.本題答案：【syllable】5、【單選題】Wordssuchasfire/fa??/,flour/fla??/,orloyal/l???l/areconsideredbythenativeEnglishspeakerstohaveonlyonesyllable,whereashigher/ha??/andplayer/ple??/aremorelikelytobeheardwithdisyllabicrealizationsbecausethethirdvowelisa__________.本題答案：【suffix】6、【判斷題】Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】7、【判斷題】DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.本題答案：【正確】8、【判斷題】/i:/and/?/arebothhighfrontvowels,but/i:/isabitlowerandmoreforwardthan/?/.Inaddition,/i:/istenseinthattherootofthetongueismoreadvancedthanwith/?/,whichislax.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9、【判斷題】Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10、【判斷題】Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.本題答案：【正確】Achievementtests31、【單選題】Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.本題答案：【place】2、【單選題】Whentheletterncomebeforegork,itispronouncedas/?/asinstrong,bang,thank,drink.However,whengisfollowedbyeori,theletternisreadas/n/asinstrange,stranger,arrange,longitudebecausethelettergispronouncedas__________.本題答案：【/?/】3、【單選題】RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.本題答案：【tip】4、【單選題】The/r/maybereplacedbyanalveolartap[?]inintervocalicpositions(e.g.very,sorry,tomorrow)andinword-final/r/__________withaninitialvowel(e.g.faraway).本題答案：【linking】5、【單選題】Generallyspeaking,plosivesoundsundergothreestages:theclosingstage,thecompressionstageandthe__________stage.本題答案：【release】6、【判斷題】Themannerofarticulationreferstothewayinwhichtheairstreamisobstructed.Forexample,withplosivesounds,thearticulationactsinsuchawaythattheairistemporarilytrapped,andthensuddenlyreleased.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】8、【判斷題】Plosivesoccurwhentheairstreamisblockedorstoppedcompletelybeforeitsrelease.Theyarealsoknownasstopsbecausetheyinvolvethecompleteblockageoftheairstream.本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.本題答案：【正確】10、【判斷題】Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】Achievementtests41、【判斷題】ThegeneraldistributionofRPconsonantsisthatallconsonantscanoccurattheinitialpositionassingletonsexcept/n/,andthatallconsonantscanappearatthefinalpositionassingletonsexcept/h,w,j,r/.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】2、【判斷題】Thedark[?]hastwotypesofdistributions.Oneisinword-finalposition,aftervowel,asincallandreal,andalsoaftervowel,beforeconsonant,suchascoldandhelp.Theotherissyllabic[??]:e.g.littleandtable.本題答案：【正確】3、【判斷題】Both‘clear’[l]and‘dark’[?]areformedwiththetipofthetonguetouchingtheteethridge.Theonlydifferenceisthatinthearticulationofthe‘clear’[l],thebackpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthehardpalate.Inthearticulationofthe‘dark’[?],thefrontpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthesoftpalateandslightlyvelarised,withaconcaveuppersurface.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】4、【判斷題】Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】5、【判斷題】Affricatesoccurwhenacompleteclosureismadesomewhereinthemouth,andthesoftpalateisraised.Airpressureincreasesbehindtheclosure,andisthenreleasedmoreslowlythaninplosives.本題答案：【正確】6、【判斷題】Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Inaudible(incomplete)releaseofplosivesreferstotheprocessofarticulationofaplosiveisnotcomplete.Ithasonlytwostages,namely,theclosureandthecompression,withouttherelease.本題答案：【正確】8、【判斷題】Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9、【判斷題】Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10、【判斷題】Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.本題答案：【正確】Achievementtest51、【單選題】Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).本題答案：【three】2、【單選題】__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.本題答案：【Syllabic】3、【單選題】Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.本題答案：【sonority】4、【單選題】TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.本題答案：【open】5、【單選題】Statementsofwhatsequencesmayormaynotoccurarecalled__________.Thefulldescriptionofsuchconstraintsiscalledphonotactics.本題答案：【constraints】6、【判斷題】Syllablesareunitsoflanguage,smallerthanawordbutlargerthanaphoneme,andeverylanguageissaidtohavesyllables.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecoda.Thecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.本題答案：【正確】8、【判斷題】Asyllabicconsonantistobeinterpretedphonologicallyas/?/plusaconsonant,butphoneticallyastheunder-stroke[??]combiningverticallinebelowaconsonant.Thus,thewordbuttonisphonologically['b?tn?]butphonetically/'b?t?n/.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9、【判斷題】NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.本題答案：【正確】10、【判斷題】Englishhasacomplexsystemofconsonantclusters,inwhichtwoormoreconsonantsoccurinsequenceinonsetorcodaposition.本題答案：【正確】Achievementtests61、【單選題】__________stressistherelativedegreeofforcegiventoacertainsyllableinawordofmorethanonesyllablewhenitispronouncedinisolation,asifquotedfromadictionary.本題答案：【W(wǎng)ord】2、【單選題】Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.本題答案：【quality】3、【單選題】Absenceofstressonasyllable,oronawordinsomecases,isfrequentlyassociatedinEnglishwithvowel__________,thechangesthatresultfromunstressedsyllables.本題答案：【reduction】4、【單選題】__________,onthewhole,donothavemucheffectontheplacementofthebaseorrootelement.本題答案：【Prefixes】5、【單選題】Therearetwotypesof-ing+nouncombinations.Foronetype,the-ingformservesasamodifierofthenounandexpressesthepurposeofthenoun;forinstance,dining-roommeanstheroomfordining.Insuchcircumstances,thewordstressalwaysfallsonthe___________element.本題答案：【first】6、【判斷題】SomewordsinEnglishareshownindictionariesashavingthreelevelsofstress:primary,secondary,unstressedorweak.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Ineverylexicalword,andinsomegrammaticalwords,onesyllableisidentifiedashavingprimarystress,thoughinmonosyllablesthestressisnotgenerallymarked.本題答案：【正確】8、【判斷題】Wordstressistheframeworkuponwhichsentencestressandintonationcontourisbuilt.本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】Thepitchmovementisassociatedwithsecondarystress,butnotwithprimarystress.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10、【判斷題】Themajorstressontwo-syllablewordsismorelikelytofallonthesecondsyllableifthewordisanounoranadjective,andonthefirstsyllableifthewordisaverb.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】Achievementtests1、【單選題】Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.本題答案：【quality】2、【單選題】Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.本題答案：【sonority】3、【單選題】InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).本題答案：【complementarydistribution】4、【單選題】The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.本題答案：【Received】5、【單選題】Stressisbeingusedinamoregeneralway.Itreferstothesyllablethatreceiveslexicalstress.__________,ontheotherhand,isbeingusedinamorespecificway.Itisaplacewhereatonalmarkerwillfallonthelexicallystressedsyllable.本題答案：【Accent】6、【判斷題】Inmorethanthree-syllablewords,iftheprimarystressfallsonthethirdsyllableorlater,thesecondarystressareusuallymarkedononeoftheprecedingsyllables,forexample,introduction//?ntr?d?k?n/andeducation/e?uke??n/.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】WordstressinEnglishisnotaspredictableasitisinotherlanguages,andtherefore,thestressplacementinEnglishwordsisnotrule-governe本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】8、【判斷題】Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecodThecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.本題答案：【正確】10、【判斷題】Incodaposition,themaximumnumberofclustersisfour.Manyclustersoftwoorthreeandvirtuallyallclusteroffouraretheresultofaddingaplural/s,z/orapasttense/t,d/inflectiontoastemendingintwoorthreeconsonants本題答案：【正確】Achievementtests81、【判斷題】Thenotionofrhythmcomesfromtheunstressedsyllables.WordandsentencestresscombinetocreatetherhythmofanEnglishutterance.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】2、【判斷題】Justasinmusic,spokenEnglishmovesinregular,rhythmicbeatsfromstresstostress–irrespectiveofhowmanyunstressedsyllablesfallinbetween.本題答案：【正確】3、【判斷題】Arhythmgroupcontainsmorethanonestressedsyllable,togetherwithunstressedsyllablesclusteringaboutitornone.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】4、【判斷題】Anyunstressedsyllablesthatmaycomebeforethefirstrhythmgroupdonotbelongtoanystress-group.Theyarethestrongbeatandarereadasquicklyaspossible.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】5、【判斷題】ChineselearnersofEnglisharelikelytoassignequalweighttoeachsyllable,regardlessofwhetherthesyllableisstressedorunstressed.本題答案：【正確】6、【判斷題】Theepenthesis(orinsertion)ofglides[j,w]occursbecausetheyaretheleastmarkedepentheticconsonantsinhiatusposition.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Anon-rhoticspeakerwillpronouncewordslikefaras/fɑ?r/,whereasarhoticspeakerdoesnotpronounce[r]atallunlessfollowedbyavowel.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】8、【判斷題】Forrhoticspeakers[r]ispronouncedjustbecausefarhasan[r]init,butfornon-rhoticspeakers[r]appearsinfarawaybecausethefirstwordendswithavowelandthesecondwordbeginswithavowel,namely,the[r]linksthetwowordstogether.本題答案：【正確】9、【判斷題】Vowelswhichtrigger[r]-insertionnevertrigger[j]-insertionor[w]-insertion.Eachglidehasitsowndomain,althoughthedomainsexemptshortstressedvowels/e,?,?,?,?/,whichneveroccurword-finallyinEnglish.本題答案：【正確】10、【判斷題】Generallyspeaking,theassimilationinvolvesbothvowelsandconsonants,particularlyacrosswordboundaries,butwithinwordstoo.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】Achievementtests91、【判斷題】Englishintonationhasthreesystemicfeatures:tonality,tonicityandtone.本題答案：【正確】2、【判斷題】Apublicspeakertendstopauselessfrequentlytomaketheirmessageclearerormoreemphatic.Bycontrast,ifthespeakeriscommunicatingurgency,hemaycontainmorebreaks.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】3、【判斷題】Nomatterinspontaneousconversationorinmaterialreadaloud,thespeakermustpauseataproperplacewhereitmakessensebecausetheintonationphraseboundarymayacttodifferentiatebetweentwopossiblemeanings.本題答案：【正確】4、【判斷題】Thenucleus,alsoknownasnuclearsyllableortonicsyllable,thesyllablethatbearsthenucleartone(afall,rise,fall-riseorrise-fall).本題答案：【正確】5、【判斷題】Accenthaspotentialityforstress.Itinvolveshowaprominenceissupposedtobemade,whilestressreferstowhyaprominenceisplacedinacertainpositionofanintonationphrase.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】6、【判斷題】Pragmaticreasonsfordeaccentingthe‘lastcontentword’involveoldorrepeatedinformation,namely,wordsexpressknownorgiveninformation.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Somewordshavelittlemeaningoftheirown.Theirmeaningcanbeinferredfromcertaincontext.Suchwordsareusuallynotaccentedeventhoughtheyarethelastcontentwords.本題答案：【正確】8、【判斷題】Wheneverypartofanintonationphraseisbroughtintofocus,wehavenarrowfocus.Ifwefocusonlyononeparticularpart,wehavebroadfocus.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9、【判斷題】Afallmayindicatedefiniteness,arisemaysuggestsomeimplications,andafall-risemayimplyincompleteness.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】10、【判斷題】Insentencenon-finalpositionthedifferenceintonemeaningbetweenlowrise,highrise,fall-riseormidleveltonevarietiesisnotgreat.Sometimesspeakersjustseemtoringthechangesbetweenthemtoavoidrepetition.本題答案：【正確】Achievementtests101、【判斷題】Iftherearesyllablefollowingthenucleus(i.e.thetail),therisingpitchmovementdoesnothappenwhollyonthenuclearsyllable,asinthecaseofafall.Rather,thesyllableorsyllablesofthetailwillcontinuetomoveupwardsfromthepitchofthenuclearsyllable.本題答案：【正確】2、【判斷題】Thepitchmovementforafall,eitherhighorlow,isallinonedirection,namelydownwards.Oftentherearesyllablesafterthenucleus,atail.Afterafallingnucleus,thetailisalwayshigh.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】3、【判斷題】Inacomplexlowlevelhead,thereisnoupwardmovementinthehead.Theonsetandalltheremainingsyllablesoftheheadareutteredonalowpitch.本題答案：【正確】4、【判斷題】Asimpleheadisonethatcontainsonlyonestressedsyllable,whileacomplexheadscontainstwoormorestressedsyllables.本題答案：【正確】5、【判斷題】Theheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlylowlevelpitch.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】6、【判斷題】Bydefinition,thepreheadcontainsnostressedsyllables,butoccasionally,preheadmayincludeasyllablethatislexicallystressedbutthatthespeakerchoosesnottostress.本題答案：【正確】7、【判斷題】Thepreheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlyhighlevelpitch.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】8、【判斷題】Therelativeheightofthepitchrangewilldependonthefrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcords:thehigherthefrequencyofvibration,thelowerthepitch.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】9、【判斷題】AlthougheveryIPcontainsanucleus,notallIPscontainaprehead,headoratail.本題答案：【正確】10、【判斷題】AcompleteIP,accordingtoJohnWells(2006),consistsoffourconstituentelements,namely,theprehead,thehead,thenucleusandthetail.本題答案：【正確】期末考試1、【單選題】Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________.本題答案：【velum】2、【單選題】/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.本題答案：【theupperandlowerlip】3、【單選題】Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.本題答案：【speechproduction】4、【單選題】Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.本題答案：【allophones】5、【單選題】UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.本題答案：【narrow】6、【單選題】Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.本題答案：【airstream】7、【單選題】The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.本題答案：【Received】8、【單選題】Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.本題答案：【/?/】9、【單選題】Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.本題答案：【syllable】10、【單選題】Thedurationofadiphthongissimilartothatofa__________vowel.本題答案：【long】11、【單選題】Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.本題答案：【place】12、【單選題】WhenwediscusstheEnglishconsonant,webeginwithvoicingfirst,thentheplaceofarticulationandlastly,themannerofarticulation.Thesound__________,forinstance,issaidbrieflyasvoicelesspalate-alveolaraffricate.本題答案：【/?/】13、【單選題】__________releasereferstotheairusedtoproducethestopisreleasedthroughthenoseratherthanthemouth,namely,thevelumisloweredbeforethestopclosureisremovedandtheairpressurewillbereleasedthroughthenoseinsteadofthemouth.本題答案：【Nasal】14、【單選題】Fricativesoundscanbemaintainedaslongasthereisairinthelungs;forthisreasontheyareknownas__________.本題答案：【continuants】15、【單選題】RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.本題答案：【tip】16、【單選題】Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).本題答案：【three】17、【單選題】__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.本題答案：【Syllabic】18、【單選題】TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.本題答案：【open】19、【單選題】With__________clustersofthreeconsonants,thefirstsoundisalways/s/,thesecondsoundisavoicelessplosive/p,t,k/,andthethirdsoundisoneofthefourapproximants/l,r,w,j/.本題答案：【onset】20、【單選題】Therearecaseswhereaconsonantoraclustercouldbeeitherthecodatothefirstsyllableofaword,ortheonsettothesecond,wecansaythatitfulfilsbothfunctions,forinstance,the/b/inrabbit,the/st/inposting,the/n/and/m/incinema.Thisisknownas___________.本題答案：【ambisyllabicity】21、【判斷題】Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】22、【判斷題】DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.本題答案：【正確】23、【判斷題】Tonguepositionindicateswhetherthefront(asfor/i:,?,e,?/),thecentral(asfor/?:,?,?/)ortheback(asfor/ɑ:,?,?:,?,u:/)ofthetongueisinvolvedaccordingtothehorizontalmovementofthetongue.本題答案：【正確】24、【判斷題】Vowel/?/isdistributedinsyllable-initial,medialandfinalposition(e.g.act/?kt/,hat/h?t/andrapid/r?p?d/,butnotinword-finalposition.本題答案：【正確】25、【判斷題】Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst).本題答案：【錯(cuò)誤】26、【判斷題】Themannerofarticulationreferstothewayinwhichtheairstreamisobstructed.Forexample,withplosivesounds,thearticulationactsinsuchawaythattheairistemporarilytrapped,andthensuddenlyreleased.本題答案：【正確】27、【判斷題】Plosivesoccurwhentheairstreamisblockedorstoppedcompletelybeforeitsrelease.Theyarealsoknownasstopsbecausetheyinvolvethecompleteblockageoftheairstream.本題答案：【正確】28、【判斷題】Thesound/?/remainsunc