新教材2025屆高考英語二輪專項分層特訓卷第一部分專題強化練專題一閱讀理解高考真題典例二推理判斷題

高考真題典例(二)推理推斷題eq\x(Passage1)[2024·新課標Ⅰ，B]WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”1．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.2．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco-machine.3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.C．TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.4．WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.eq\x(Passage2)[2024·新課標Ⅱ，D]Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit，”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.5．Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A．Pocketparksarenowpopular.B．Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C．Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D．Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.6．Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A．Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B．Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C．Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D．Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.7．WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?A．Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.8．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A．Languagestudy.B．Environmentalconservation.C．Publiceducation.D．Interculturalcommunication.[答題區(qū)]題號12345678答案高考真題典例（二）推理推斷題Passage1【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思索且好學，他建立了一個生態(tài)機器，利用大自然可以自我修復的原理來凈化污水。1．答案與解析：C細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當約翰·托德還是個孩子的時候，他喜愛探究房子四周的樹林，視察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會變得澄澈。長大后，約翰起先想知道這個過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的垃圾）”以及其次段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancercausingchemicals?（在高校學習了農業(yè)、醫(yī)學和漁業(yè)之后，約翰回到了視察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細菌？哪些魚類會食用致癌化學物質？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學、新奇心很強。故選C。2．答案與解析：D細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個星期后，約翰把污泥加了進去）”以及倒數第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheecomachinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他對結果感到驚異。生態(tài)機器里的動植物把污泥當成了食物，起先吃了起來！幾周之內，它就完全被消化了，只剩下純凈水）”可知，約翰把污泥放進罐子里是為了測試生態(tài)機器。故選D。3．答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouselikefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來，約翰擔當了很多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個類似溫室的設施，可以處理來自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設計了一種生態(tài)機器來清潔中國東南部城市福州的運輸河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應用。故選B。4．答案與解析：A推理推斷題。依據最終一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.（你把微生物放在新的關系中，并視察要發(fā)生的事情。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)形成它們自己的自我修復的方式）”可知，約翰工作的基礎是自然可以自我修復。故選A。Passage2【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。城市化讓人們越來越難以接觸到自然，但一項新探討發(fā)覺城市中的野生自然對人類健康和華蜜感具有重要影響。探討團隊對一座大型城市公園的游客進行調查，發(fā)覺與野生自然的互動可以創(chuàng)建出一種可用的語言，幫助人們相識和參加最令人滿足和有意義的活動。該探討呼吁愛護城市中的野生自然。5．答案與解析：B細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段內容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.（隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們越來越難以接近大自然。假如你幸運的話，你住的地方旁邊可能會有一個袖珍公園，但在城市里找到相對自然的地方是罕見的）”可知，文章開頭作者講解并描述了一種現象，在城市里，人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。6．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。題干問的是探討人員將參加者提交的文件分類的緣由。依據第四段第一句話“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategories...begantoemerge.（在320份提交的材料中，一種被探討人員稱為‘自然語言’的類別模式起先出現）”可知，探討人員這樣做是為了從訪客的總結材料中找出類別規(guī)律。故選D。7．答案與解析：C推理推斷題。依據第五段內容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperience