高級(jí)英語(yǔ)(第三版)第一冊(cè)第一課-Face-to-Face-with-Hurricane-Camille

《高級(jí)英語(yǔ)》第三版第一冊(cè)

Lesson1FacetoFacewithHurricaneCamilleObjectivesofTeachingLesson1Tolearnhowthewritergivesavividdescriptionofactionsintermsoflexical,sententialandtextuallevel;TolearnhowAmericansfightagainstthehurricaneHurricanes/location/namingsystem/typhoonTheyaretwodifferentnamesforthesamekindofstorm--They’recalledhurricanesintheAtlanticOceanandtheEasternPacificOcean,andtyphoonsintheWesternPacific.

Atornadoisaviolent,rotatingcolumnofairwhichisincontactwithboththesurfaceoftheearthandacumulonimbuscloudor,inrarecases,thebaseofacumuluscloud.Tornadoescomeinmanysizesbutaretypicallyintheformofavisiblecondensation

funnel,whosenarrowendtouchestheearthandisoftenencircledbyacloudofdebris.HurricaneCamilleHurricaneCamille(August17,1969)issaidtobethe

worststormevertohitmainlandUnitedStates.Withwindsinexcessof200mphandtidesover20feet,HurricaneCamillesmashedintotheMississippiGulfCoastonSundaynight,the17thofAugustandcontinueditsdevastatingpathuntiltheearlyhoursofMonday,the18th.Thecombinationofwinds,surges,andrainfallscaused256deaths(143ontheGulfCoastand113intheVirginiafloods)and$1.421billionindamage.ThreedeathswerereportedinCuba.GeneralfactsElementsinanarrativewriting

1)story:

theheroicstruggleoftheKoshaksandtheirfriendsagainsttheforcesofadevastatinghurricane2)characters:

--PopKoshak(grandpa)--GrandmaKoshak(grandma)--JohnKoshak(protagonist)--JanisKoshak(wife)--Sevenchildren--Charles,afriend--neighbors--pets

atypicalAmericanfamily3)

Textualorganization:

chronologicalorder(naturaltimesequence)abeginning(1-6)(introducingthetime,place,background,characters)amiddle(7-27)(detailsofthestruggleagainsthurricane)anend(28-39)(gettinghelpandrebuildingcommunity)4)Climax:para27whentheKoshaksfamilysurvived5)Conflict:manversusnature(hurricaneasantagonist)6)Pointofview:

thirdperson7)Atmosphere:tenseandurgent8)Theme:para39Familysafetyismoreimportantthanmaterialpossessions.FocusforSectionOne(1-6)

BeforethehurricaneThissectionintroducesthestorybackgroundandthepreparationsforthestorm.1)WhatwasJohnKoshakJr.’sjob?2)WhydidJohndecidetostayandfacethedangersofadevastatinghurricane?3)Whatpreparationsdidtheymake?

FocusofSection2(para7-27)

DuringthehurricanestrikeThissectionnarratesindetailhowthegroupstruggledandfeltduringthehurricane.Focusofthestudy:1.hurricane–Howwasthedevastatinghurricanelike?Specificdetailswind,water,etc.)2.people–howdidtheyactduringthecrisis?FocusofSection3(para28-39)Howdidthepeoplerebuildtheircommunity?Backgroundknowledge(Teachers’Book)NationalGuard(國(guó)民警衛(wèi)隊(duì))Civildefenseunits(民防隊(duì))SalvationArmy(救世軍)RedCross(紅十字會(huì))DetailedstudyofSection2FocusingonthedescriptionofWindHurricaneforceHousePeople’sactionswind(para7)Windandrainwhippedthehouse.(ametaphor:Strongwindandrainwaslashingthehouseasifwithawhip.Itdescribedthemannerofwindblowing)(para7)Asthewindmountedtoaroar.(theword‘mount’showsthatthesoundwasincreasing,dynamic).(para8)Theroarofthehurricanenowwasoverwhelming.(thissentencegivesastaticdescription).(para13)Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.(Thissentenceusesasimiletogiveaconcreteimage,thesound)(para19)itshotoutwindsofnearly200m.ph.(thespeedofthewind)Secondsaftertheroofblewoff

thehouse

(ittellstheforceofthewind)Thewritergivesafullpictureofthewind,itsmanner,sound,,sound,sound,speed,force)Thehurricane(describingactions)(para18)Thehurricane,inonemightyswipe,liftedtheentireroofoffthehouseandskimmedit40feetthroughtheair.(skim—tothrowsoastocausetobounceswiftlyandlight.Itshowshowpowerfulthehurricanewas)(para19)thestorm…initsconcentratedbreadthofsome70milesitshotoutwindsofnearly200m.p.h.and

raisedtidesashighas30feet.AlongtheGulfCoast,itdevastated

everythinginitsswath:19,467homesand709businessesweredemolishedorseverelydamaged.Itseized160,000gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit3?milesaway.Ittorethreelargecargoshipsfromtheirmooringsandbeachedthem.Telephonepolesand20-inch-thickpipescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem.

在颶風(fēng)中心縱橫約70英里的范圍內(nèi),其風(fēng)速接近每小時(shí)200英里.掀起的浪頭高達(dá)30英尺.海灣沿岸風(fēng)過(guò)之處,所有東西被一掃而光.19467戶人家和709家小商號(hào)不是完全被毀,便是遭到嚴(yán)重破壞.高爾夫港一個(gè)60萬(wàn)加侖的油罐被狂風(fēng)刮起,摔到3.5英里以外。三艘大型貨輪被刮離泊位，推上岸灘。電線桿和20英寸粗的松樹(shù)一遇狂風(fēng)襲擊便像連珠炮似的根根斷裂。House(para7)…thehousebeganleaking—therainseeminglydrivenrightthroughthewalls.(para8)Thehouseshook,andtheceilinginthelivingroomwas

fallingpiecebypiece.TheFrenchdoorsinanupstairsroomblewinwithanexplosivesound,andthegroupheardgunlikereportsasotherupstairswindowsdisintegrated.(para9)Thenthefrontdoorstartedtobreakawayfromitsframe.…butablastofwaterhitthehouse,flingingopenthedoorandshovingthemdownthehall.(para13)Thehouseshudderedandshiftedonitsfoundations.Waterincheditswayupthestairsasfirstflooroutsidewallscollapsed.(para18)Thebottomstepsofthestaircasebrokeapart.Onewallbegancrumblingonthemaroonedgroup.House(para22)Debrisflewastheliving-roomfireplaceanditschimneycollapsed.Withtwowallsintheirbedroomsanctuarybeginningtodisintegrate(para24)Asecondwallmoved,wavered,…ittoppledonhim.Thehouse,shudderingandrocking,hadmoved25feetfromitsfoundations.(para26)Thefloortilted…Athirdwallgaveway.(para20)RichelieuApartmentswere

smashedapartasifbyagiganticfist.PeopleActions(para12)Astheyscrambledback.(para21)Thechildrenhuddledintheslashingrain.…Grandmaimplored,”let’ssing’…shecarriedonaloneforafewbars,thenhervoicetrailedaway.(para26)Thelargerchildrensprawledonthefloor,withthesmalleronesinalayerontopofthem,andtheadultsbentoverallnine.PeopleFeelings(Para14)

Themotherwasonthevergeofpanic.Sheclutchedhisarmandkeptrepeating,“Ican’tswim,Ican’tswim”.(Para15)…Withoutwardcalm…(Para16)GrandmaKoshakreachedanarmaroundherhusband’sshoulderandputhermouthclosetohisear“Pop,shesaid,‘Iloveyou’..(Para17)Johnfeltacrushingguilt.Heheldhisheadbetweenhishands,andsilentlyprayed….(Para24)Popragedsilently,frustratedatnotbeingabletodoanythingtofightCamille.(para29)Noneofthereturnees..,theystoodshocked,tryingtoabsorbtheshatteringscenesbeforetheireyes(para34)Childrenwerestillawedbytheimcomprehensiblepower.JanishadonedelayedreactionDetailedstudyofSection3Howdidhelpcome?Howdidpeoplefeel?Whatdidtheydotorebuildthecommunity?Para28-29

Theysawhumanbodies–morethan130men,womenandchildrendiedalongtheMississippicoast–andpartsofthebeachandhighwaywerestrewnwith

deaddogs,cats,cattle.Stripsofclothingfestooned

thestandingtrees,andblowndownpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads.Noneofthereturneesmovedquicklyorspokeloudly;theystoodshocked,tryingtoabsorbtheshatteringscenesbeforetheireyes.他們看到了遇難者的尸體密西西比沿海一帶就有130多名男女和兒童喪生—海灘和公路上有些地方布滿了死狗死貓和死牲畜。尚未被風(fēng)刮倒的樹(shù)上結(jié)彩似的掛滿被撕成布條的衣服，吹斷的電線像黑色的實(shí)心面一樣盤(pán)成一圈一圈地散在路面上。比較：

那些從外面返回家鄉(xiāng)的人們個(gè)個(gè)都是慢慢地走動(dòng)著，也沒(méi)有人高聲大叫。他們怔住了，呆立當(dāng)?shù)?，不知道該怎樣才能接受眼前這幅使人驚駭?shù)膽K景。

返回的人群中沒(méi)有一個(gè)人疾步行駛，或者大聲說(shuō)話，他們站在原地，完全怔住了，迫使自己接受眼前這幅慘烈的景象。(para30-31)Bythistime,organizationswithintheareaand,ineffect,theentirepopulationoftheUnitedStateshadcometotheaidofthedevastatedcoast.Beforedawn,theMississippiNationalGuardandcivil-defenseunitsweremovingintohandletraffic,guardproperty,setupcommunicationscenters,helpclearthedebrisandtakethehomelessbytruckandbustorefugeecenters.

By10a.m.,theSalvationArmy’scanteentrucksandRedCrossvolunteersandstaffers,weregoingwhereverpossibletodistributehotdrinks,food,clothingandbedding.(para.31)Fromhundredsoftownsandcitiesacrossthecountrycameseveralmilliondollarsindonations,householdandmedicalsupplies

streamedinbyplane,train,truckandcar.Thefederalgovernmentshipped4,400,000poundsoffood,movedinmobilehomes,setupportableclassrooms,openedofficestoprovidelow-interest,long-termbusinessloans.Talkaboutthemeasuresingreen.Whytheseactionsnecessary,importantandeffectivefortherehabilitationwork?Detailedstudyof

WordsandExpressions(para1)…asCamillelashednorthward…itwascertaintopummelGulfport,Miss.WheretheKoshakslived.Lashed:tostrikewithgreatforce;dashagainst.

猛烈沖擊

Thewaveslashedthesmoothcliffs.TheworstwinterstormsofthecenturylashedtheeastcoastofChina.Suddenlyrainlashedagainstthewindows.Pummel:tobeatorhitwithrepeatedblows,esp.withthefist.

Thethiefwaspushedandpummeledbyanangrycrowd.Hetrappedthemaninacornerandpummeledhimferociouslyforthirtyseconds.(para3)We’reelevated23feet…andwe’reagood250yardsfromthesea.Theplacehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.Weare23feetabovesealevel(BritishEng.)Agood:ageneralintensive,meaning“full”足足(程度\數(shù)量)我們足足等了三個(gè)小時(shí).昨晚Bill在酒館里喝得爛醉.從這到火車(chē)站足足有五個(gè)小時(shí)的車(chē)程.他父母親狠狠地揍了他一頓.Wewaitedforagoodthreehours.Billhadagooddrinkatthepublastnight.Itisagoodfivehourstodrivetotherailwaystation.Hisparentsgavehimagoodbeating.(para4)Wecanbattendownandrideitout.Ametaphor;Comparingthehouseinahurricanetoashipfightingastormatsea.

Batten:tofastencanvasoverthehatchesofaship,especiallyinpreparingforastorm.Rideitout:tostayafloatduringastormwithouttoomuchdamage.Paraphrase:Wecanmakenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.(para6)Aneighbor…askedifsheandhertwochildrencouldsitoutthestormwiththeKoshaks.坐著看完,待到(散場(chǎng)).Ididn’tenjoytheplay,butwesatitout.

等到…結(jié)束,靜等到底.They’lltrytositoutthecrisis.We’llsititouttotheveryend.坐在戶外.It’ssonicetositoutwhenthesuniswarminwinter.Inch:n.vt.vi.—moveveryslowly,carefully,orwithdifficultyTheclimberincheduptheverticalrock.Thepoliceweresearchingtheareainchbyinch.譯：救護(hù)車(chē)慢慢地穿過(guò)人群。他把車(chē)一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地往前開(kāi)。書(shū)架上堆滿了書(shū)。

Theambulanceincheditswaythroughthecrowd.Heinchedthecarforward.Everyinch

ofshelfspacewascrammedwithbooks.Maroon:vt.Leaveabandoned,isolated,orhelpless.I’mleftfeelinglonely,sadandmarooned.

Iamtemporarilymaroonedathomebymyinjuredknee.譯：魯賓遜在島上孤零零地生活了若干年，他勇敢地活了下來(lái)。

當(dāng)RiverAvons的河堤垮了的時(shí)候，五對(duì)夫妻被困在他們的面包車(chē)?yán)铩?/p>

Afteryearsofbeingmaroonedontheisland,Robinsonmadehimselfabravesurvivor.FivecouplesweremaroonedintheircaravanswhentheRiverAvonbrokeitsbanks.Snap:1)breaksuddenlywithasharpcrackingnoise.

Heshiftedhisweightandatwigsnapped.EveryminuteorsoIcouldhearasnap,acrackandacrashasanothertreewentdown.2)Movetoapositionquicklywithasharpsound.Thebagsnappedopen.3)Speakinasharp,unfriendlyway.

“Idon’tknowher”,Rogersnapped…I’msorry,Cassy,Ididn’tmeantosnapatyoulikethat.4)Losepatienceandcalmness,becomeangry.

Hefinallysnappedwhenshepreventedtheirchildrenfromvisitinghimoneweekend.5)Asnapdecision,action:takentooquicklywithoutcarefulthought.

Ithinkthisistooimportantforasnapdecision.Asnapelection/judgment7)Snapshot譯：她雙手抓住管子，試圖將它折成兩截。他啪地一下把筆記本合上。

Grant第一次也是唯一的一次失控了。Shegrippedthepipewithbothhands,tryingtosnapitinhalf.Hesnappedthenotebookshut.ForthefirsttimeandonlytimeGrant’sself-controlsnapped.Coil,v,n.windaroundandaround成卷狀,盤(pán)繞,卷

e.g.Asnakecancoilitselfuporcoilaroundabranch.Thewirewascoiledroundthetree,andthenthecurrentwasturnedon.Pleasehandmethatcoilofwire.Shatter:break(to)pieces,vi,vt.e.g.爆炸將整棟大樓的窗玻璃都震裂了.

這次可怕的經(jīng)歷使他的幻想完全破滅了.

爬了五個(gè)小時(shí)的山完全把我累垮了.

你想象不出她當(dāng)時(shí)那震驚的表情.

那只貴重的花瓶掉在地上摔得粉碎.

Theexplosionshatteredeverywindowofthebuilding.Hisillusionswereshatteredbytheterribleexperience.Iwasabsolutelyshatteredafterfive-hourclimbingofthehill.(Climbingthehillforfivehoursabsolutelyshatteredme)Youcan’timaginetheshatteredlookonherface)Thatexpensivevaseshatteredwhenithittheground.

Stream:n.v.narrowmovingmass.

Hebreathedoutastreamofcigarettesmoke.:alargenumberofsthoccurringoneafteranther.Wehadaconstantstreamofvisitors.

:agroupofchildrenofthesameageandabilitytaughttogether

Examinationsmaybeusedtochoosewhichpupilsaretomoveintothetopstreams.:movequicklyandinlargenumbers.

Refugeeshavebeenstreamingintotheneighboringcountries.:lightshinesstronglyintooroutofaplace

Sunlightwasstreamingintothecourtyard.譯：他身后有一長(zhǎng)串的車(chē)。那悲慘的故事引發(fā)了源源不斷的讀者來(lái)信。他倡導(dǎo)將孩子們分流，根據(jù)他們的需要來(lái)教育他們。教堂的鐘聲敲響了12下，人們很快開(kāi)始蜂擁而出。Therewasastreamoftrafficbehindhim.Thesadstorytriggeredastreamofreaders’letters.Headvocatesstreamingchildren,andeducatingthemaccordingtotheirneeds.Soonaftertheclockinthechurchstrucktwelve,peoplebegantostreamout.Rakeitsway:metaphor,meaningtoattackanddevastateasitmovedalong.Rake:n.v.t耙;仔細(xì)尋找

It’syourturntorakethegarden.

Rampage:v.rushaboutinawildorviolentway,causingdamageanddestruction.橫沖直撞Rampagingfloods:violent,ragingfloods.

Hundredsofyouthsrampagedthroughthetowns,smashingshopwindowsandoverturningcars.譯：我今天晚些時(shí)候把樹(shù)葉掃起來(lái)。警察們搜遍了小山坡但沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)逃犯。他試圖用劍保護(hù)他的商店不受到橫沖直撞的暴民的破壞。犯人們橫沖直撞，見(jiàn)什么砸什么。

I’llraketheleavesuplatertoday.Thepolicerakedthehillsidebutdidnotfindtheescapedprisoners.Heusedaswordtotrytodefendhisshopfromarampagingmob.Theprisonerswentontherampagedestroyingeverythingintheirways.SummaryofthewritingstyleDictionlevel:Concrete,specificwordsareused,esp.one-syllableverbsareusedtoquickenthespeedoftheaction.FewadjectivesandadverbstoquickentherhythmVariousshadesofwordsareusedtoavoidrepetition,e.g:disintegrate/breakapart/demolish/devastateSentencelevel:

Ellipticalandshortsimplesentences(Para7—27).--Increasethetempoandspeedoftheactionsbeingdescribed.Henceinadramaticnarrationtheyservetoheightentensionandhelpcreateasenseofdangerandurgency.Textuallevel:

BuildingupandsustainingthesuspensebydescribingindetailandvividlytheincidentswiththesequenceofhappeningsDiscussion:(Ex.XIII)inclassProblemsinsentencewriting1)Therun-onsentence2)Thesentencefragment3)Thedanglingmodifier4)Theillogicalorfaultyparallelism5)TheshiftinpointofviewRun-onsentencesArun-onsentenceistwoormorecompletethoughts(orindependentclauses)thatareruntogetherwithoutadequatesigngiventomarkthebreakbetweenthem.Somerun-onsentenceshavenopunctuationatalltomarkthebreakbetweenthethoughts:

Iamgoingtoschool,ifIdon'tgetthereontime,Iwillbelate,myteacherwillpunishme,Iwillhavetostayafterclass.ImadeashelterformyselfbyplacingthepacksbyalargerockandIcurledupbetweenthemthesaddleblanketgavemelittleprotectionagainstthesharp,flintystonesbutthebiggestproblemwasthecold.SentencefragmentsSentenceFragmentsareincompletesentences.Theyareusuallymissingoneofthethreecomponents:subject,verb,object.MostsentencefragmentswrittenbyChineseareonesthathavemissingverbs.Theyusuallythoughtawordendingin"-ing"istheprincipleverbwheninfacttheyareaparticipleoragerund.Fortheunemployed,goingtoattainnightschooltoprepareforabetterjob.