2024年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)沖刺過關(guān)專題07 閱讀理解（解析版）

【查補知識漏洞·通關(guān)練】專題07閱讀理解（解析版）（2023·山東淄博·中考真題）HaveyoueverreadAndersen’sfairytaleTheUglyDuckling(丑小鴨)?DoyouknowthathismotherlandisDenmark?ItliesinnorthernEurope.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.YoucanfindalmostanyfastfoodinDenmark,suchashamburgersandhotdogs.Danishopen-facedsandwichesarenotonlydelicious,butalsoprettyandfun.Theyareworksofart.Tastingsomeisanexperiencethatshouldn’tbemissed.“Lego”toyswerecreatedinDenmark.Thetoysweremadeofwoodbefore.BuildingwithLegoshelpsstudentslearnaboutengineering,physicsandtechnologyinafunway.In1968,thefirstLegolandthemeparkopenedinBillund,Denmark.Today,thereareLegolandparksinCalifornia,Florida,Malaysia,Dubai,Windsor,JapanandGermany.BicyclingispopularinDenmark.NineoutoftenDaneshaveabike.Theyridetheirbikesnomatterwhattheweather.Theyaren’tjustridingbikesforfun.Theyusebikestogettowork,totaketheirkidstoplaces,andeventocarrygoods.Today,moreandmorepeoplearechoosingbikesovercars.TheyhaveasayinginDenmark:“AbicycleisaDane’sbestfriend.”Denmarkiscalledthelandoffairytales.Andersen’sanotherpopularfairytaleisTheLittleMermaid(美人魚).TheLittleMermaidstatue(雕塑)hasbeenregardedasDenmark’smostfamouslandmarksince1913.TheDanesbelievethatshebringsthemgoodluck.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto?A．TheUglyDuckling. B．Denmark. C．Europe. D．Fastfood.2．AccordingtoParagraph4,wecancallDenmark“________”.A．thecountryofbikes B．thelandoffairystoriesC．thecapitalofart D．thehomeofLegos3．WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheLittleMermaidstatue?A．It’scalledfairyland. B．ItwasbuiltbyAndersen.C．Itwelcomestheshipsthere. D．Ithasbeenthereforabout110years.4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Fairytales. B．Andersen’slife.C．SomefactsaboutDenmark. D．ThehistoryofDenmark.【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．C【解析】本文主要介紹了關(guān)于丹麥的一些事情。1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“DoyouknowthathismotherlandisDenmark?ItliesinnorthernEurope.”（你知道他的祖國是丹麥嗎，它位于北歐）可知此處it指代“丹麥”。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BicyclingispopularinDenmark”可知自行車在丹麥很受歡迎，所以可以叫丹麥為“自行車之國”。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheLittleMermaidstatue(雕塑)hasbeenregardedasDenmark’smostfamouslandmarksince1913”可知自1913年以來，小美人魚雕像一直被視為丹麥最著名的地標(biāo)，所以小美人魚雕像已經(jīng)在那里大約110年了。故選D。4．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了關(guān)于丹麥的一些事情。故選C。1.先讀問題，弄清考查要點。

2.快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌。3.細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞。

①抓住四個“W”和一個“H”，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What(事件)，When（時間），Where（地點），Why（原因），How（經(jīng)過）劃出來。抓住了四個“W”和一個“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。

②抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因為這些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點，都具有舉足輕重的作用。

③注意領(lǐng)會文章的寓意。④根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會測試要求，確定解題方法。對那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個答案再作推敲而浪費時間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。4.重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對所做答案進一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。二、主要題型及解題技巧1.主旨大意題（Tofindoutthemainidea）其目的是考查考生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。解題技巧：①抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨找主題句，應(yīng)先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句一般具有以下特征：概括全段思想；一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中；解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)、結(jié)局(end)等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活常識、科學(xué)專業(yè)知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)隱的信息。②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想③抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心主旨題常見的命題形式：(1)Themainideaofthepassageis…….(2)Thispassageismainlyabout…….(3)Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthistextis…….(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?(5)What’sthetopicofthetext?典例：1.What’sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Manyparentsdon’tunderstandkids’languageintheirblogs.B.Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.C.Manyparentscan’tunderstandwhytheirkidsdon’tlikestudying.2.Whatisthepassageabout?A.Repairingoldcomputers.B.Sellingoldcomputers.C.Recyclingoldcomputers.2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題(Tolookfordetails)細(xì)節(jié)題是用來進一步表達主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題?？碱}型：1、是非題2、例證題3、年代與數(shù)字4、比較5、原因6、事實排序題7、直接信息題8、間接信息題9、綜合信息題…解題技巧：(1)細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。(2)變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。(3)多點歸納，綜合事實找答案。細(xì)節(jié)題常見的命題形式：Whichofthefollowing

isTrue/NotTrue?Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept…Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Where,how,who,why,howlong等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句要求判斷細(xì)節(jié)。典例：1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Mybrothers,mysistersandIwouldsometimesfightaboutwhichchanneltowatchwhenIwasachild.B.Thesedays,thereisonlyonechannelwitholdmovies,cookingandfishing.C.Peoplehavemanychannelstochoosefromnow.3、猜測詞義題(Toguessthemeaning)猜測詞義題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力。單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，初中英語學(xué)科教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定，學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%左右生詞的語言材料。解題技巧：①通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義；首先找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等）表示前因后果。Eg:Youshouldn’thaveblamehimforthat,foritwasn’thisfault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的錯），可猜出blame的詞義是責(zé)備。②通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞；通過同義詞猜詞，一要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如：happyandgay,即使我們不認(rèn)識gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。如：ManwasknowingsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.此句中Venus，Mars，Jupiter均為生詞，但是只要知道planets就可以猜出這幾個詞都是屬于“行星”義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如：but,while,however等；二看與not搭配的表示否定意義的詞。如：Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall…h(huán)andsome就不難推測，homely意為不英俊，不漂亮之意。③通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義；閱讀文章時，總會遇到新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推測，而他們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如果掌握了一些常用的合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。④通過定義或釋義說明來推測詞義；Eg:Butsometimes,norainfallsforalonglongtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.從drought所在句子的上下文我們可以得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought.由此可見drought意為“久旱”、“旱災(zāi)”，而adryperiod和drought是同義詞。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常為：is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折號等來表示。⑤通過描述猜測詞義；⑥用知識和生活經(jīng)驗猜測詞義；⑦根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測。常見命題形式如下：(1)Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans_________.(2)Whatdoestheword“…”mean_________.(3)Theunderlined(劃線的)wordmeans_________.(4)Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“…”is_________inEnglish.(5)Theword“…”refersto_________.典例：1.Inthe2ndparagraph,theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“teased”is_________inEnglish.A.hitB.criticizedC.laughedat2.What’stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fined”?A.罰款

B.給予C.獎勵注意事項：在做詞義猜測題時注意不要脫離語境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的或?qū)ｉT的詞義。在解這類題時，必須仔細(xì)地研讀劃線部分的上下文，有時閱讀的視線還要擴大一些。如果離開特定的語言環(huán)境來理解生詞意義，必然會理解錯誤。4.推理判斷題（Toinferaconclusion)推理判斷題在閱讀測試中屬于難題。推理判斷題就是根據(jù)某個事實推斷結(jié)論。包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷解題技巧：推理判斷題分兩種，即對細(xì)節(jié)的推理和對主旨的推理。解決此類題要注意，一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點，再結(jié)合做細(xì)節(jié)和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判斷題。①推理深層含義的常見命題形式如下：(1)Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.(2)Thewritersuggestthat_______.(3)Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_______.(4)Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat_______.(5)Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat_______.典例：WecanlearnthelastparagraphthatA.It’seasyformanyteenagerstogiveupbloggingontheInternet.B.It’ssafeformanyteenagerstoputtheirpersonalinformationontheInternet.C.It’spopularformanyteenagerstouseblogsontheInternet.②推理作者意圖、觀點、態(tài)度的常見命題方式如下：Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis……Inthewriter’sopinion,agoodschoolshould……Whatshouldbetherightattitudetowards“…”?Thewriter’sattitudetoward“…”is……Thewritermainlywantstotellus……例：Wespentadayinthecountrypickingwildflowers.Withthecarfullofflowersweweregoinghome.Onourwayback,mywifenoticedacupboardoutsideashop.Itwastallandnarrow.“Buyit.”Mywifesaidatonce,“We’llcarryithomeontheroofrack..I’vealwayswantedonelikethat.”WhatcouldIdo?Tenminuteslater,Iwas$20poorer,andthecupboardwastiedontheroofrack.Fromthepassage,wecanseethatinfactthehusband________thecupboard.thoughtitwasworthbuyingB.believedtheyneededtobuyC.wasgladtohaveboughtD.wouldrathernotbuy【詳解】從劃線部分我們可以看出，這位丈夫是由于妻子喜歡不得不買，由此推斷答案應(yīng)為D。<1>（2024·云南·一模）InChina,theyear2024isknownaslongnianinthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.Overalongperiodoftime,ithasbeencalledtheYearoftheDragoninEnglish.Butactually,therearealotofdifferencesbetweentheChineselongandtheWesterndragon.TheChineselongismadeupofpartsofsomegentleanimals,suchasarabbit’seyesandanox’sears.InChinesemythology,longisabletofly.Inaddition,itcanalsospray(噴灑)waterfromitsmouthtocreaterain.However,inWesternculture,adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofasnakeandbigwingsofabat.What’smore,youwillfindmostoftheWesterndragonsindarkcolorsbecausetheyusuallystandforevil(邪惡).Asaresult,normallyattheendofthestories,theevildragonwillbebeatenbythesuperheroes.Whatmakessuchdifferences?Infact,theyhavesomethingtodowiththeculturaldifferences.InChineseConfucian(儒家的)ideas,kindnessandharmony(和諧)areveryimportant.Itisourdutytohelpeachotherandliveapeacefullife.Westernculture,ontheotherhand,prefersindividualheroism(個人英雄主義).Wheneversomethingterriblehappens,therewillbeasuperherowhoisbraveenoughtostandout,fightagainsttheenemyonhisown,and,ofcourse,savethewholeworld.Inrecentyears,Chinesehavetriedtotranslatelonginanotherway.Forexample,Zhejiang’sLoongAirhasalreadywrittenlongasLoong.OneofthereasonsisthatLoongsoundsthesameastheChinesecharacterlong.Besides,theletters“oo”inthewordLoonglooklikethetwobigeyesoftheanimal,whichmakesiteasiertomemorizethisword.Anyway,nomatterhowlongistranslated,thereisonethingforsure:theChineselongisdifferentfromtheWesterndragon,anditisasymbolofgoodluck.WishyouandyourfamilythebestintheYearofLoong!1．WhichofthefollowingisthepictureofaWesterndragon?A． B． C． D．2．AccordingtotheChineseConfucianideas,whatmightbethereasonforlongtospraywater?A．Tofightagainsttheevildragon. B．Tohelpthefarmersinthedryweather.C．Toshowitspowerandability. D．Tomakeitselfthesuperherointhisworld.3．WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofabat.B．2024istheyearofLoonginthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.C．TheWesterndragonisasymbolofgoodluck.D．Longcan’tflybecauseithasnowings.4．________makeLoongthenewtranslationoftheChinesecharacterlongaccordingtothepassage.A．Thehistoricalbackgroundandculturalmeaning B．ThehistoricalbackgroundandspellingC．Thepronunciationandspelling D．Theculturalmeaningandpronunciation5．Inwhichpartofamagazinemaywefindthispassage?A．HealthyLife. B．CreativeArt. C．AmazingAnimals. D．ColorfulCulture.【答案】1．A2．B3．B4．C5．D【解析】本文主要介紹了中西方文化中“龍”的不同形象和象征意義。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,inWesternculture,adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofasnakeandbigwingsofabat.”可知，西方龍噴火，有蛇的身體和蝙蝠的大翅膀。A選項圖片符合，故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Inaddition,itcanalsospray(噴灑)waterfromitsmouthtocreaterain.”結(jié)合“InChineseConfucian(儒家的)ideas,kindnessandharmony(和諧)areveryimportant.Itisourdutytohelpeachotherandliveapeacefullife.”可知，中國龍從嘴里噴出水來制造雨水，雨水可以在干旱的天氣里幫助農(nóng)民。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InChina,theyear2024isknownaslongnianinthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.”可知，2024年是中國傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)歷的龍年。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OneofthereasonsisthatLoongsoundsthesameastheChinesecharacterlong.Besides,theletters‘oo’inthewordLoonglooklikethetwobigeyesoftheanimal,whichmakesiteasiertomemorizethisword.”可知，Loong的發(fā)音和中文“龍”相同，Loong中的字母“oo”看起來像動物的兩只大眼睛。故選C。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Anyway,nomatterhowlongistranslated,thereisonethingforsure:theChineselongisdifferentfromtheWesterndragon,anditisasymbolofgoodluck.”可知，本文主要介紹了中西方文化中“龍”的不同形象和象征意義，因此會在“豐富多彩的文化”部分看到，故選D。<2>（2024·云南·一模）ZongQinghouwasthefounder(創(chuàng)始人)ofHangzhouWahahaGroup.Hewasbornin1945inwartimeChina.HegrewupverypoorinHangzhouandoftenwenthungry.Hisfatherwasoutofwork,andhismothersupportedthefamilyoffivechildrenasafactoryworker.“Becauseofthehardship,asachildIhadmanydreamsandhopedtomakebigmoneyformyparentsinreturn,”Zongsaidinahistorybook.Astheeldestchild,Zongleftschoolafterjuniorhightosupporthisfamilyandspentovertenyearsdoingdifferentjobs,includinghardphysicalworkatafar-awayfarm.In1978,ZongreturnedtoHangzhouandspentthenexttenyearsworkingasasalesman.“MyonlydreamatthattimewastohavemyowncompanyanddowhatIwantedtodo,andIhadbeenlookingforsuchachance,”hesaidinthehistorybook.Thechancefinallycamein1987.Zongborrowed140,000yuantostarthisowncompany,sellingicepops(冰棒)andstationery(文具)tostudentsatanearbyprimaryschool.Thecompany,whichwouldlaterbecomeWahaha,soldicepopsforacenteach.Duringhisdoor-to-doorsales,Zonglearnedthatmanychildrenwerepickyeaterssothattheycan’tgetallthenecessarynutrition(營養(yǎng)).Thatwasabigheadacheforparents.Seeingapotentialchance,ZongworkedwithaprofessorofnutritiontoinventavitamindrinkforchildrencalledWahahaOralLiquid.Theproductbecameahugesuccesssoon.Thecompanyachievednearly100millionyuaninsalesinthethirdyearafteritwentonthemarket.Thatyear,ZongfoundedtheHangzhouWaHahaGroupafterbuyingafailingfoodfactory.6．HowmanypeoplewerethereinZong’sfamily?A．Three. B．Five. C．Seven. D．Nine.7．Theunderlinedword“picky”inparagraph4means________inChinese.A．貪嘴的 B．挑剔的 C．厭食的 D．健康的8．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Zongsucceededatlastbecauseofhisgoodluck.B．Zongworksinhisowncompanyin1980.C．WahahaOralLiquidwasn’tpopularatfirst.D．WahahaOralLiquidcanoffernecessarynutritiontochildren.9．WhichistherightorderaboutZong’slife?①ZongworksasasalesmaninHangzhou.

②Zongdiddifferentjobstosupporthisfamily.③WaHahagroupwasfounded.

④Zongboughtafallingfoodfactory.⑤Zongborrowedmoneytostarthisowncompany.

⑥Zongdreamedtomakebigmoney.A．⑥①④②③⑤ B．⑥②①⑤④③ C．⑥②①⑤③④ D．⑥①⑤④②③10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HangzhouWahahaGroup B．HowtoSellWahahaOralLiquidC．HowtoMakeBigMoney D．ZongQinghouandWahahaGroup【答案】6．C7．B8．D9．B10．D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了娃哈哈集團的創(chuàng)始人傳奇的一生。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hisfatherwasoutofwork,andhismothersupportedthefamilyoffivechildrenasafactoryworker.”可知，他的父母有5個孩子，所以他家有七口人。故選C。7．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Duringhisdoor-to-doorsales,Zonglearnedthatmanychildrenwerepickycaterssothattheycan’tgetallthenecessarynutrition.Thatwasabigheadacheforparents.”可知，因為挑食，孩子們無法獲得所需的營養(yǎng)，對此家長們非常頭疼，由此可猜測picky意為“挑剔的”。故選B。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Duringhisdoor-to-doorsales,Zonglearnedthatmanychildrenwerepickyeaterssothattheycan’tgetallthenecessarynutrition.”和“Seeingapotentialchance,ZongworkedwithaprofessorofnutritiontoinventavitamindrinkforchildrencalledWahahaOralLiquid”可知，宗慶后和營養(yǎng)學(xué)家研發(fā)出的這款產(chǎn)品是為挑食的孩子準(zhǔn)備的，也取得了巨大的成功，說明娃哈哈口服液可以為孩子提供必要的營養(yǎng)。故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Becauseofthehardship,asachildIhadmanydreamsandhopedtomakebigmoneyformyparentsinreturn,”可知，宗慶后最開始希望賺大錢來回報父母；根據(jù)“Astheeldestchild,Zongleftschoolafterjuniorhightosupporthisfamilyandspentovertenyearsdoingdifferentjobs,includinghardphysicalworkatafar-awayfarm.”可知，隨后宗慶后做了許多種工作；根據(jù)“In1978,ZongreturnedtoHangzhouandspentthenexttenyearsworkingasasalesman.”可知，1978年，宗慶后回到杭州做銷售；根據(jù)“Thechancefinallycamein1987.Zongborrowed140,000yuantostarthisowncompany,sellingicepopsandstationerytostudentsatanearbyprimaryschool.”可知，宗慶后借了很多錢，用來創(chuàng)建公司；根據(jù)“Thatyear,ZongfoundedtheHangzhouWaHahaGroupafterbuyingafailingfoodfactory.”可知，最后宗慶后買了一家倒閉的食品廠，隨后建立了娃哈哈集團。故選B。10．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“ZongQinghouwasthefounderofHangzhouWahahaGroup.”和“Thatyear,ZongfoundedtheHangzhouWaHahaGroupafterbuyingafailingfoodfactory.”可知，本文主要講述了宗慶后創(chuàng)建娃哈哈集團的經(jīng)歷，因此D項“宗慶后和娃哈哈集團”最適合做本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。<3>（2024·北京·一模）Inthepastdecade,theuseofsocialmediahasgrowninawaythatnoonecouldhaveguessed.Ithasturnedsometeenagersintocelebrities(名人)andturnedthefamousintotheinfamous,overnight.Akeyfeature(特征)ofsocialmedia,however,isitsvolatility.Trends(趨向，動向)comeandgo,disappearingalmostasquicklyastheyappeared.ShortvideoappssuchasTikTokanditsChineseequivalent(對應(yīng)詞)Douyin,tooktheworldbystorm.TikTokwasonceranked8thonApple’sAppStore,andDouyinhadmorethan300milliondomesticmonthlyactiveusers.Whyaretheseshortvideos,whicharerarely(罕有)longerthanafewminutes,sopopular?JiangYige,Singapore-basedanalystatFengHeFundManagement,hasatheory.“Shortvideosarejustrighttofillinthelittlegapsinourbusyschedules,”hetoldCNBC．Thesevideos,apartfrombeingveryconvenient,areimportanttoteenagersbecausetheyallowthemtoexpressthemselves,accordingtoTeenVogue.LizaKoshy,auseroftheUSappMusical,whohasover2millionfollowers,said,“Thesenseofcommunitythatusersofshortvideoappsgetisanotherappealing(有吸引力的)feature.”Livestreaming(直播)isafeatureofoursocialmedialifethatnowseemsas,naturalassunrise.It’saprettyneatidea:Youcanwatchanyone,anywhere,live?However,Chinahastakenlivestreamingtoawholenewlevel.InChina,millionsofviewersmonthlywatchalivestreamingvideo.Forbesthoughtthatanumberoffactorshadledtothepopularityofthelivestreaming.Amongthemisviewers’abilitytointeractwithunknownnames.However,thequickdevelopmentofsocialmediamaybehavingsideeffectstoo.Fakenewsisoneseriousproblemitcauses.Materialssharedontheseplatformsareoftennotcheckedforaccuracy(準(zhǔn)確，精確).Themostbasiccontent(內(nèi)容)canbefalseandcanmisleadusersonewayoranother.Weusesocialmediaallthetime,whichdoesn’tmeanthatweunderstandtheinfluenceitishavingonus.Weshouldbemindfulofboththetimewespendonitanditspowerfuleffectonourminds.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“volatility”inParagraph2possiblymean?A．Beingchangeable. B．Beingvaluable.C．Beingcomfortable. D．Beinginternational.12．AccordingtoLizaKoshy,whyareshortvideoappsverypopular?A．Theyareveryconvenient.B．Theyhelppeoplekilltime.C．Theyprovideasenseofcommunity.D．Theyallowpeopletoexpressthemselves.13．Whatdoweknowaboutsocialmedia?A．Livestreamingisthemostpopularwayofoursocialmedialife.B．Peoplecan’tcommunicatewitheachotherwithoutsocialmedia.C．Thereisstillmuchroomforsocialmediatomakeimprovement.D．Takingshortvideosisthebestwayforteenagerstoexpressthemselves.14．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?A．Shortvideoappswilltaketheworldbystorminthefuture.B．Socialmediacanhelpyouturnintocelebritiesveryquickly.C．Peoplecanshareanyinterestingmaterialsontheplatformswithoutchecking.D．It’swisetothinkoverboththetimeandtheeffectwhenweusesocialmedia.【答案】11．A12．C13．C14．D【解析】本文主要講述了短視頻軟件的流行原因以及社交媒體存在的弊端。11．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Trendscomeandgo,disappearingalmostasquicklyastheyappeared”可知，社交媒體的一個主要特點是它變化無常，某種趨勢很快出現(xiàn)又很快消失，由此可知“volatility”的意思為“changeable”，表示“變化無常的”。故選A。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thesenseofcommunitythatusersofshortvideoappsgetisanotherappealingfeature.”可知，LizaKoshy認(rèn)為短視頻軟件受用戶歡迎的原因是它可以讓用戶有社區(qū)的歸屬感。故選C。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“However,thequickdevelopmentofsocialmediamaybehavingsideeffectstoo.Fakenewsisoneseriousproblemit…canbefalseandcanmisleadusersonewayoranother.”可知社交媒體發(fā)展迅速，但也帶來一些副作用，如虛假消息會誤導(dǎo)用戶，由此推知社交媒體還有很大的改善，提升空間。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Weusesocialmediaallthetime,whichdoesn’tmeanthatweunderstandtheinfluenceitishavingonus.Weshouldbemindfulofboththetimewespendonitanditspowerfuleffectonourminds.”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知社交媒體會有一些負(fù)面影響，所以作者是想告訴我們要理智地使用社交媒體。故選D。<4>（2024·四川南充·二模）ThefilmYOLO(YouOnlyLiveOnce)directedbyJiaLing,China’smostsuccessfulfemalefilmmakerhasbecomeahitrecently.Inthefilm,JiaplaysLeYing,ajoblesswomaninherthirtieswhostillliveswithherparentsuntiloneday,shemeetsaboxingcoach(拳擊教練),HaoKun(playedbyLeiJiayin),andlaterfindsstrengthandhopeinboxingtrainingandchangesherlife.Theactress-directorlost50kiloswhichbecameahottopicinsocialmedia.Afterwatchingthefilm,manypeoplestarttryingtoloseweight.Somepeopleplantojoingyms,butnotallofthemcansticktoexercise.Sohowdoyoumakesureyoufindagymyoulike,andmoreimportantly,onewhereyoufeelcomfortable?Toanswerthequestions,JarrodSaracco,afitness(健身)coachwith20yearsofexperienceinthefield,giveshisadvice.“Fromthemomentyouwalkin,itshouldbeabouttheenergyandtheexperience.Dotheygreetyou?Dopeopleworkingoutlooklikethey’rehavingagoodtime?”However,therearesomanygymsinChina,sochoosingtherightonemaytakeyoualittletime.Herearesometipsabouthowtochooseagoodgym.Findagymclosetoyourhome.Youcanwalktothegymtodosomesports.It’sbettertodrivelessthan15minutes.Ifyoufindagoodplacetoparkyourcar,yourchoicemayberight.Visitatyourbestworkouttime.Saturdayafternoonmaybetherighthourtocheckoutagym.Youcangoandhavealookatit.Ifitisverycrowded,tryanothergym.Checkforcleanmachines.Keepingthingscleanornotmeansthegymisgoodorbad.Aprofessionalstaffmembershouldalsobewiping(擦拭)downmachinesintheday.Whileyouarevisiting,watchtoseewhetherthere’sastrictruleofwipingdowneverythingafteruse.Ifnot,tryanothergym.15．Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A．Inthemovie,LeYingmetHaoKuninthegymwheresheworked.B．ItbecameahottopicinsocialmediathatJiaLinglost50fans.C．ThefilmYOLOwasdirectedbyChina’smostsuccessfulmalefilmmaker.D．Itmeansmoretopeopletofeelcomfortableinagym.16．If__________,thegymisagoodchoice.A．ittakeslessthan15minutestowalkthereB．manypeopleworkoutthereandtheyseemtoenjoythemselvesC．thecoachesthereareenergetic,experiencedandgood-lookingD．themachinestherearealwayscleanedwell17．Howmanypiecesofadviceonthetopicdoesthewriteroffer?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．None.18．Whichisthestructureofthepassage?A．①②/③/④⑤⑥⑦ B．①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦C．①/②③/④⑤⑥⑦ D．①②③/④⑤⑥/⑦19．Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A．YOLO—AGreatMovie! B．Let’sGoToGyms!C．CheckforCleanMachines! D．StickToExercise!【答案】15．D16．D17．B18．C19．B【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了賈玲導(dǎo)演的《熱辣滾燙》影響人們?nèi)ソ∩矸?，以及選擇健身房的建議。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sohowdoyoumakesureyoufindagymyoulike,andmoreimportantly,onewhereyoufeelcomfortable?”可知，選項D“對人們來說，在健身房感到舒適更重要”表述正確。故選D。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Checkforcleanmachines.Keepingthingscleanornotmeansthegymisgoodorbad.Aprofessionalstaffmembershouldalsobewiping(擦拭)downmachinesintheday.”可知，如果健身房的機器總是清潔得很好，就會是個不錯的選擇。故選D。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Findagymclosetoyourhome.”、“Visitatyourbestworkouttime.”以及“Checkforcleanmachines.”可知，作者提供了三條建議。故選B。18．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。文章第一段講述了電影《熱辣滾燙》并引出話題；第二、三段論述該話題；第四、五、六、七段介紹了如何選擇健身房，故選項C符合題意。故選C。19．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了賈玲導(dǎo)演的《熱辣滾燙》影響人們?nèi)ソ∩矸?，以及選擇健身房的建議。故選項B“讓我們?nèi)ソ∩矸堪伞边m合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選B。<5>（2024·北京房山·一模）Canyouseetheglassashalffull,ratherthanhalfempty?Areyoualwayslookingonthebrightsideoflife?Ifso,youmightbeanoptimist.Anoptimistissomeonewhoishopefulaboutthefutureandtendstoexpectthatgoodthingswillhappen.Anumberofstudieshaveshownthatoptimistsenjoyhigherlevelsofhappiness,bettersleep,lowerstressandevenbettercardiovascular(心血管的)healthandimmune(免疫的)function.Andnow,astudyconnectsbeinganoptimistwithalongerlife.Researchersfollowedthelifespan(壽命)ofsome160,000womenaged50to79for26years.Theyweredividedintotwogroupsbycompletingaself-reportmeasureofoptimism.Womenwiththehighestscoreswereconsideredoptimists.Thosewiththelowestscoreswereconsideredpessimists.Then,theresearchersfollowedupwiththestudy.Theyfoundthatthosewhohadthehighestlevelsofoptimismweremorelikelytolivelonger.Sowhyisitthatoptimistslivelonger?Onepossiblereasonisthatitcouldberelatedwiththeirhealthierlifestyles.Forexample,researchfromseveralstudieshasfoundthatoptimismisrelatedwitheatingahealthydiet,stayingphysicallyactiveandbeinglesslikelytosmokecigarettes.Thesehealthybehaviorsarewellknowntoimprovehearthealthandreducetheriskforcardiovasculardisease.Acceptingahealthylifestyleisalsoimportantforreducingtheriskofotherpotentiallydeadlydiseases,suchascancer.Anotherpossiblereasoncouldbethewayoptimistsmanagestress.Whenfacedwithastressfulsituation,optimistswillreducestresslevelsandboostthepowertotakesteps.Theyusemethodstosolvethesourceofthestress,orlookatthesituationinalessstressfulway.Forexample,optimistswillplanwaystodealwiththematter,callonothersforsupportortrytofindhopeinthestressfulsituation.Inshort,thewaysoptimistsdealwithstressmighthelpprotectthemsomewhatagainstitsharmfuleffects.Bethepersonwholooksattheglasshalffull.Appreciatethelittlethingsinyourlifeandfaceyourproblemswithasmileandatake-chargeattitude.Optimismisthebesttoolwhenitcomestochangingyouroutlookonlife.20．Accordingtothepassage,whoisprobablyanoptimist?A．Tomisupsetonrainyorsnowydays.B．Lucyisunwillingtoaskothersforsupport.C．ChriskeepsvolunteeringattheNursingHome.D．Marrybelievesshecansolvetheproblemshemeets.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Peoplewhoseehalf-emptyglassaremorehopeful.B．Healthylifestylewillhelptreatcardiovasculardisease.C．Optimismisrelatedwithbeinglikelytosmokecigarettes.D．Optimistsmayenjoylongerlifespanthanthelessoptimisticones.22．Theword“boost”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．share B．increase C．lose D．limit23．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tocallonpeopletobeoptimistictowardslife.B．Togivesuggestionsonhowtodealwithstress.C．Toshowtheresultsofastudyonhealthylifestyles.D．Totelltheeffectsofbeingoptimisticamongwomen.【答案】20．D21．D22．B23．A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了樂觀主義者以及樂觀主義者長壽的原因并呼吁人們成為樂觀主義者。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Anoptimistissomeonewhoishopefulaboutthefutureandtendstoexpectthatgoodthingswillhappen...Forexample,optimistswillplanwaystodealwiththematter,callonothersforsupportortrytofindhopeinthestressfulsituation.”可知，樂觀主義者是指對未來充滿希望，并傾向于期望好事會發(fā)生的人，例如，樂觀主義者會計劃處理這件事的方法，呼吁他人支持，或者試圖在緊張的情況下找到希望，可推測D選項“瑪麗