軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)供電系統(tǒng)組成及軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)工作原理牛小偉課件講解

軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)供電系統(tǒng)組成及軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)工作原理主講人牛小偉ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客車(chē)電氣裝置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATION主講人牛小偉SpeakerNiuxiaowei軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)供電系統(tǒng)組成是我國(guó)在20世紀(jì)60年代引進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的一種用于鐵路客車(chē)的供電裝置。Theshaft-drivenenginepowersupplydeviceisakindofpowersupplydeviceintroducedanddesignedforrailwaypassengertrainsinChinainthe1960s.軸驅(qū)式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)供電裝置軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)供電裝置由于這種供電裝置中的發(fā)電機(jī)是由車(chē)軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的，所以稱(chēng)之為根據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)方式不同分為軸端皮帶輪帶動(dòng)的48V發(fā)電機(jī)萬(wàn)向軸帶動(dòng)的110V發(fā)電機(jī)兩種和Becausethegeneratorofthispowersupplydeviceisdrivenbytheshaft,itiscalledtheshaft-drivenenginepowersupplydevice.Duetothedifferentdrivingmodes,itisdividedinto48Vgeneratordrivenbythebeltpulleyattheshaftendand110Vgeneratordrivenbythecardanshaft.軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)供電系統(tǒng)組成目前，22型普通客車(chē)普遍采用軸端皮帶輪帶動(dòng)的軸驅(qū)式發(fā)電機(jī)供電裝置，其電氣系統(tǒng)主要由蓄電池、J5感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)、KP－2A型控制箱、客車(chē)電扇、客車(chē)照明與逆變器及車(chē)體配線(xiàn)等組成。其供電系統(tǒng)的基本組成和原理如圖所示。Atpresent,theshaft-drivengeneratorpowersupplydevicedrivenbythebeltpulleyattheshaftendiswidelyusedin22-typeordinarypassengertrains.Itselectricalsystemismainlycomposedofbattery,J5inductorgenerator,KP-2Acontrolbox,passengertrainfan,passengertrainlightingdevice,inverter,wiringofthetrainbodyandsoon.行車(chē)時(shí)，發(fā)電機(jī)輸出的三相交流電首先經(jīng)過(guò)橋式整流電路整流，然后通過(guò)車(chē)體配線(xiàn)送給車(chē)上各種負(fù)載，包括直流負(fù)載和交流負(fù)載。Whendriving,thethree-phasealternatingcurrentoutputfromthegeneratorisfirstrectifiedbythebridgerectifyingcircuit,andthensenttovariousloadsonthetrainthroughthewiringofthetrainbody,includingDCloadsandACloads.向交流負(fù)載(熒光燈)供電時(shí)須經(jīng)逆變器將直流電變換成交流電后方可使用。WhensupplyingpowertotheACload(fluorescentlamp),theDCpowermustbeconvertedintoACpowerbytheinverterbeforeitcanbeused.除了向車(chē)上負(fù)載供電外，還須向蓄電池充電。Inadditiontosupplyingpowertotheloadsonthetrain,itisalsonecessarytochargethebattery.發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓的穩(wěn)定及蓄電池充電電流的大小由控制箱來(lái)控制。Thestabilityofthegeneratoroutputvoltageandthesizeofthebatterychargingcurrentarecontrolledbythecontrolbox.列車(chē)停車(chē)或低速運(yùn)行時(shí)改由蓄電池供電。Thetrainispoweredbybatterywhenitstopsorrunsatlowspeed.CONTENTS01一、客車(chē)感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)Businductorgenerator02二、發(fā)電機(jī)的工作原理Howageneratorworks01客車(chē)感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)Businductorgenerator一、客車(chē)感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)項(xiàng)目額定功率額定電壓額定轉(zhuǎn)速頻率相數(shù)參數(shù)5kw60v（整流后）850~3700r/min85~370Hz3表2-1感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)在軸驅(qū)式交流發(fā)電機(jī)供電裝置中，主要采用了感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)。Inthepowersupplydeviceofshaft-drivenalternatingcurrentgenerator,theinductorgeneratorismainlyused.它屬于同步交流發(fā)電機(jī)的一種，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、維護(hù)方便、重量輕、功率大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)的主要技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù):

3kW（J3型）

5kW（J5型）

7kW（J7型）分別適用于用電量客車(chē)感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)按功率可分三種，即目前用得最多的是J5型。不同的客車(chē)。Itbelongstoakindofsynchronousalternator,whichhastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,convenientmaintenance,lightweight,largepowerandsoon.Passengertraininductorgeneratorcanbedividedintothreetypesaccordingtothepower:3kW(J3type),5kW(J3type),7kW(J7type),whicharesuitableforpassengertrainswithdifferentelectricityconsumption.Atpresent,themostusedinductorgeneratoristheJ5typeinductorgenerator.一、感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)的構(gòu)造它由機(jī)座端蓋軸承軸承蓋定子鐵心激磁繞組電樞繞組轉(zhuǎn)子等部分組成。及和J5generatorismainlycomposedofmachinebase,endcoverplate,bearingandbearingcover,statorironcore,excitingwinding,armaturewinding,rotorandsoon.一、感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)的構(gòu)造一、感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)的構(gòu)造勵(lì)磁繞組電樞繞組轉(zhuǎn)子鐵芯定子沖片端蓋機(jī)座、定子鐵芯1.1機(jī)座是機(jī)座是整個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)的支持架，承受著定子和轉(zhuǎn)子的全部重量，用QT40-10球墨鑄鐵鑄造。Themachinebaseisthesupportframeofthewholegenerator,whichbearsthewholeweightofthestatorandtherotor,andiscastfromnodularcastiron.機(jī)座machinebase機(jī)座上有一吊耳，用以將電機(jī)懸掛在吊架上。Thereisalugonthebasetosuspendthemotorfromthehanger.吊耳孔內(nèi)鑲有表面硬化鋼套或尼龍?zhí)?，套孔?nèi)徑為φ32.2±0.1mm,套壁厚為4mm。Thereisasurfacehardenedsteelsleeveornylonsleeveintheholeofthelug,theinnerdiameterofthesleeveholeisφ32.2±0.1mm,andthewallthicknessofthesleeveis4mm.吊耳上有一注油孔。機(jī)座上在發(fā)電機(jī)引出線(xiàn)端裝有接線(xiàn)盒。Thereisanoilfillingholeinthelugs.Ajunctionboxisprovidedonthebaseatthegeneratorleadwireend.1.2定子鐵心定子鐵心statorironcore壓裝在機(jī)座內(nèi)腔，用以嵌放電樞繞組和激磁繞組，同時(shí)也是電機(jī)磁路的組成部分。Thestatorironcoreispressedintheintra-cavityofthemachinebasetoembedthearmaturewindingandtheexcitingwinding,anditisalsoapartofthemagneticcircuitofthemotor.由400片，0.5mm的硅鋼片沖片疊壓而成，每一沖片單面涂有絕緣漆，可減少渦流損耗。Stackedby400piecesof0.5mmsiliconsteelsheetpunches,eachpunchiscoatedwithinsulatingvarnishononesidetoreduceeddycurrentloss.它的內(nèi)圓周上有2個(gè)大槽用來(lái)嵌放激磁繞組，22個(gè)小槽（實(shí)際用24個(gè)）用來(lái)嵌放電樞繞組。Therearetwolargeslotsonitsinnercircumferencetoembedtheexcitingwindingsand22smallslotstoembedthearmaturewindings.它的外周上有6個(gè)鳩尾槽，兩端有定子端板和定子壓圈各一塊。Ithassixdovetailgroovesontheoutercircumferenceandoneeachofastatorendplateandstatorpressureringateachend.它是將定子沖片、端板及壓圈疊壓緊密后在鳩尾槽上插入夾片，夾牢后焊固而成為一個(gè)整體。Itisthestatorpunch,endplateandpressureringstackedtightlyinthedove-tailgrooveafterinsertingtheclip,clampedandweldedtobecomeawhole.1.3轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)子的作用當(dāng)旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)改變了發(fā)電機(jī)氣隙中的磁通密度，使電樞繞組中產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電勢(shì)。Whentherotorrotates,themagneticfluxdensityintheairgapofthegeneratorischanged,andtheinducedpotentialisgeneratedinthearmaturewinding.轉(zhuǎn)子由轉(zhuǎn)軸和轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心組成。Therotoriscomposedofshaftandrotorironcore.轉(zhuǎn)子鐵心也采用硅鋼片沖片疊壓而成，單面涂絕緣漆。Rotorironcoreisalsoformedbythepressofsiliconsteelpunchingsheet,Onesidecoatedwithinsulatingvarnish.轉(zhuǎn)子沖片的外圓周上均布有6個(gè)凸齒和凹槽。Therearesixconvexteethandgroovesontheoutercircumferenceoftherotorpunching.轉(zhuǎn)子的軸用45號(hào)碳素鋼旋制而成，軸上開(kāi)有一個(gè)沿軸向傾斜1°10’的斜鍵槽。TheshaftoftherotorisspunfromNo.45carbonsteelwithaslopingkeywayinclined1°10'intheaxialdirection.轉(zhuǎn)子組裝時(shí)沖片沿斜鍵套裝在軸上，使轉(zhuǎn)子的凸齒成為斜齒，主要是為改善電機(jī)輸出電勢(shì)的波形，Whentherotorisassembledthepunchesaresetontheshaftalongtheobliquekey,sothattheconvexteethoftherotorbecomeobliqueteeth,mainlyfortheimprovementofthewaveformoftheoutputpotentialofthemotor.使之接近正弦波，同時(shí)也減少了電機(jī)的附加損耗和噪聲。Itmakesitclosetosinusoidalwaveformandalsoreducestheadditionallossandnoiseofthemotor.1.4激磁繞組和電樞繞組用以產(chǎn)生發(fā)電機(jī)的主磁場(chǎng)，由兩個(gè)線(xiàn)圈串聯(lián)組成，每個(gè)線(xiàn)圈用φ1.25mm的高強(qiáng)度漆包線(xiàn)兩根并繞150匝。Theexcitingwindingisusedtogeneratethemainfieldofthegenerator,whichiscomposedoftwocoilsinseries.Eachcoilwinds150turnswithtwohigh-strengthenameledwiresofφ1.25mmbyusingthemethodofparallelwinding.激磁繞組Excitingwinding激磁繞組中通入直流電產(chǎn)生發(fā)電機(jī)工作主磁通。Themainfluxofthegeneratorisgeneratedbythedirectcurrentintheexcitingwinding.激磁繞組的2個(gè)線(xiàn)圈放在定子鐵心的兩個(gè)大槽內(nèi)，嵌好后用鋁制的槽楔楔緊。The2coilsoftheexcitationwindingareplacedintwolargeslotsinthestatorcore,embeddedandthenwedgedtightlywithslotwedgesmadeofaluminum.兩線(xiàn)圈采用順向串接，通入電流后它們產(chǎn)生的磁通方向相同。Thetwocoilsareconnectedinseriesintheforwarddirection,andtheyproducefluxinthesamedirectionwhencurrentispassedthroughthem.1.4激磁繞組和電樞繞組（又稱(chēng)工作繞組）的作用是產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)電勢(shì)并向外輸出電能。Theroleofthearmaturewinding(alsoknownastheworkingwinding)istogenerateinducedpotentialandoutputelectricalenergyoutwards.電樞繞組Armaturewinding它共有12個(gè)線(xiàn)圈，每4個(gè)接成一相。Ithasatotalof12coils,everyfourcoilsareconnectedintoaphase.24V供電時(shí)每4個(gè)線(xiàn)圈并聯(lián)，48V供電時(shí)每2個(gè)線(xiàn)圈先串聯(lián)后再并聯(lián)。Whenthepowersupplyvoltageis24V,every4coilsareconnectedinparallel,andwhenthepowersupplyvoltageis48V,every2coilsareconnectedinseriesandthenconnectedinparallel.電樞繞組的12個(gè)線(xiàn)圈嵌放在定子鐵心的小槽內(nèi)，并用石蠟煮過(guò)的竹制槽楔楔緊。The12coilsofthearmaturewindingareembeddedinsmallslotsinthestatorironcoreandwedgedtightlywithbambooslotwedgeswhichareboiledinparaffin.1.5端蓋、軸承蓋及軸承發(fā)電機(jī)有前后端蓋各一個(gè),每一蓋上裝有軸承及軸承內(nèi)外蓋。Thegeneratorhasafrontandrearendcover,eachcoverisequippedwithabearingandabearinginnerandoutercover.端蓋及軸承內(nèi)外蓋都由HT18-36灰鑄鐵鑄造而成。EndcapsandbearinginnerandoutercapsarecastfromHT18-36graycastiron.內(nèi)外軸承用螺釘固定在端蓋上，前后軸承蓋上均設(shè)有注油孔。Theinnerandouterbearingsarescrewedtotheendcaps,andthefrontandrearbearingcapsareequippedwithoilinjectionholes.前軸承用32311型滾柱軸承，后軸承采用309型滾珠軸承。端蓋是電機(jī)軸和軸承的支座,同時(shí)對(duì)電機(jī)具有密封和散熱作用。Theendcoverplateisthesupportseatoftheelectro-motorshaftandbearing.Atthesametime,ithassealingandheatdissipationeffectonthegenerator.02發(fā)電機(jī)的工作原理Howageneratorworks二、J5型發(fā)電機(jī)的工作原理發(fā)電機(jī)工作時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)子不斷旋轉(zhuǎn)，通過(guò)電樞繞組的主磁通發(fā)生變化，磁通隨著轉(zhuǎn)子凸齒的旋轉(zhuǎn)而運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此電樞繞組切割磁力線(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生交流感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)。Whenthegeneratorisworking,therotorrotatescontinuously,andthemainfluxofthearmaturewindingchanges.Themagneticfluxmoveswiththerotationoftherotorconvexteeth,sothearmaturewindingcutsthemagneticlineofforceandproducesACinducedelectromotiveforce.二、J5型發(fā)電機(jī)的工作原理其基本工作原理是:當(dāng)激磁繞組內(nèi)通過(guò)直流電流時(shí)，電機(jī)內(nèi)產(chǎn)生主磁道，磁力線(xiàn)經(jīng)過(guò)定子齒氣隙轉(zhuǎn)子齒氣隙定子齒而構(gòu)成磁路。屬于交流感應(yīng)子發(fā)電機(jī)TheJ5typegeneratorbelongstotheACinductorgenerator.J5型發(fā)電機(jī)J5typegeneratorItsbasicworkingprincipleisthatwhendirectcurrentpassesthroughtheexcitingwinding,themagneticmastertrackisgeneratedinthemotor,andthemagneticlineofforcepassesthroughthestatorteeth→airgap→rotorteeth→airgap→st