Unit+3+The+Internet+Discovering+Useful+Structures 高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

Discovering

UsefulStructuresUnderline

and

compare

the

different

verb

forms.1.Jan's

life

has

been

greatly

improved

by

the

Internet.The

Internet

has

greatly

improved

Jan's

life.2.Much

hasbeen

written

about

the

wonders

oftheWorldWideWeb.People

have

written

much

about

the

wonders

of

the

World

Wide

Web.Leading

inTeading

inofthepresentperfectpassihe

foveceActive

have/has+v-edVerbPassive

have/has

been+v-edformvoirmL一.什么叫時(shí)態(tài)?在英,發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用不語(yǔ)中同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式表示有時(shí)候,發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),由于說(shuō)話者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的方面不同,也要用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式表示.這里所說(shuō)的不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式就是我們常說(shuō)的不同的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài).、時(shí)態(tài)跟時(shí)舊狀語(yǔ)有關(guān)在1.一般現(xiàn)時(shí)(often/always/sometimes/usually/nOccasioallyeverymorning….)構(gòu)成法:is/am/are,do/doeshildrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveCryquickly.Everydaysheisthelastto

leavetheoffice.4般過(guò)去時(shí)(一

often

/

always

/

occasionally

/5daysago/

last

week

/onJuly

1,1986…)

構(gòu)成法：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式

Often

I

did

not

see

Papa

until

the

evening.He

always

went

to

work

on

foot.I

was

born

in

July,1987..一般將來(lái)時(shí)(infuture/inthefuture/

from

nowon

/

Soon/

in

5years

/nextyear/in

the

22nd

century…)Infuture

,

we

'llpaymoreattention

totheprotectionof

our

environment.C“is/am/areto

+動(dòng)be詞back原形”homein

a

fewdays.或“is/am/are

going

t

o

+動(dòng)詞原形”)

構(gòu)成法：will/shall

+動(dòng)詞原形

My

fatherwill2.354.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(Soon

/in

a

few

days/thenextweek….):would/should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成法atJohntoldmethathewouldgobroadhenextday.haThegovernmentpromisedthelpwouldcomesoon.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(now/atthemoment/atpresen5.t..)構(gòu)成法:is/am/are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)6.(then/at0yesterdaymorning/thistday/atthattimeyestime...)構(gòu)成法:was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞yesterdayeveningWhatwereyoudoingthistime?ert67.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(thistmetomorrow/at8nextMonday/henyourplanelandsattheairprtofShanghai...)構(gòu)成法:will/hallb+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞orhenyourplanelandsattheairpWtofShanghai,wellstillbesleepinwig.在完成時(shí)(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sinc8.現(xiàn)etheygotmarried/sofar/inthepast

fewdays/inthelast3

years/inrecentyears…)構(gòu)成法

：has/have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheiverr.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenill

forseveralday.swoesi7Bythetime

Igraduatefromcollege,Ishall

have

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.構(gòu)成法：had

+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

Bysixo'clock,theyhadworkedtwelve

hours.

By

the

time

he

came

back,I

had

gone

to

bed.

構(gòu)成法：will/shall

have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞

9.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/

by2000/by

the

time

World

WarIIbroke

out/

afew

years

before...)

8When

hewoke

up,everythinghadchanged.

0.

將來(lái)完成時(shí)(by

the

end

of

this

year/by

the

time

Igraduatefromcollege.….)11.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(fortwohours/since5o'clockthis

morning…)構(gòu)成法：has/have

been

+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞I

have

been

waiting

for

you

since

5

o'clock

thismorning.12.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(foralongtime/since

1999.…)

構(gòu)成法：had

been+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞How

long

had

it

been

raining

before

you

shut

thewindow?9三.幾種容易用錯(cuò)的時(shí)態(tài)用法比較

在英語(yǔ)實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，并非都會(huì)出現(xiàn)前面提到的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)幫你決定謂語(yǔ)用什么時(shí)態(tài).高考對(duì)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要是通過(guò)語(yǔ)境來(lái)進(jìn)行的.下面我們來(lái)分析、比較幾種容易用.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較Yesterdayafternoon,hepaintedmea

picturen(強(qiáng)調(diào)paint

這一動(dòng)作過(guò)去已做過(guò).即：畫(huà)已畫(huà)好.)1Yesterdayafternoon,hewas

painting

me

Now

I`mgoingtoseewhetherhe

hasfini

(強(qiáng)調(diào)paint這一動(dòng)作過(guò)去在進(jìn)行，但未交代a

picture.shed

it.是否已做完)10oils.Now

letmeshow

ittoyou.

錯(cuò)的時(shí)態(tài)，

……Whydidn'tyouanswermyphonecalllastnight?A.took

B.

had

takenC.

was

takingD.was

goingto

take2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法比較Janewashesher

own

clothes.(

指通常衣服都是她自己洗)

Jane

is

washing

herownclothesinthebathroom.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性，未完成，且未交代平時(shí)衣服是否自己洗)Themanageris

kindto

us

all.(指經(jīng)理的一貫態(tài)度)The

manageris

beingkindtous

allnow.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性態(tài)度，表示平時(shí)對(duì)我們大家并不善良)……Sorry,butI

C

a

bath.113.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)用法比較客人們昨天已經(jīng)離開(kāi)上海.yesterdTheguestsleftShanghaiay.明left發(fā)生在昨(說(shuō)天)他說(shuō)客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)上海.HesaidtheguestshadleftShanghai.(強(qiáng)調(diào)hadleft發(fā)生在said之前,即:過(guò)去的過(guò)去)stshadleftShanghaitAlltheguebyyeserday.(既然是截止到昨天,那就說(shuō)明是在包括昨天在內(nèi)的以前經(jīng)陸已續(xù)“離開(kāi)”)124.一般過(guò)去在完用較IhavelostOh,myGo

d

!I

ca

n'tgetin.mykey.Buton'tknowwhenandwhereIloIdstit.havelostlost/hadlost/mustlose造(前一個(gè)空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)

“丟失”對(duì)現(xiàn)在成的影響:則強(qiáng)丟沒(méi)有找到,無(wú)法進(jìn)門(mén)后一句

調(diào)“失”是在過(guò)去何時(shí)

地何發(fā).

)時(shí)態(tài)替代四

.時(shí)狀語(yǔ)從句和條件語(yǔ)從句中,要用一般時(shí).

在間狀代替將來(lái)時(shí),:用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用現(xiàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),用現(xiàn)代在在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí).13/時(shí)與現(xiàn)法比成時(shí)即的生的Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.whimt0tchTVunlehfi----Don'tallowassehasnishedhishomework.K.Ifheiswt

achingTVbuthas'nt

finishedh----Oisomework,I'll

turnofthehfTV.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞:themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞:itonce,incase,oncondionthat,if,unless,aslongas142.

nomatter加疑問(wèn)詞以及疑問(wèn)詞與ever構(gòu)成的合成詞引出的從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí).Wherever

you

go

,

you

will

geta

warmwelcome.3.有部分動(dòng)詞(主要是短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞)可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，即：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).

(也可用將來(lái)時(shí))Are

youdoinganythingspecialthisevening?=Areyougoing

to

do

anythingspecial

thisevening?I'mafraid

he

'sdying

soon.=I'm

afraid

he

'll

die

soon.I

was

told

that

she

was

leav=I

was

told

she

would

leaveing

for

New

York

the

next

day.for

New

York

the

next

day.15164.在以下短語(yǔ)后面的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)：makesure,makecertain,s

eeto

it,be

sure等

.Pleaseseeto

itthatallthewindowsare

closedbefore

eavingthe

lab.5.凡是按預(yù)定時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代

替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，例如：汽車(chē)、火車(chē)、輪船、飛機(jī)、上下課等

.(也可用一般將來(lái)時(shí))His

planetakes

off

at11:30.Let's

hurry

and

see

himoff.6

.含有always的謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示反感、反對(duì)、贊揚(yáng)、欣賞等感情色彩.Sheisalways

throwing

her

things

around.He

isthe

cleverest

student

I

have

evertaught.Shethoughtthatwasthebestfilmshehad

everseen.

五

.

兩

個(gè)特

殊句型的

時(shí)

態(tài)

1.在先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的定語(yǔ)從句中，要用完成

2.在先行詞是

the

first/second

time的定語(yǔ)從句中，也要

完成時(shí)

.

This

is

the

third

time

I

have

visited

the

museum.Thatwasthesecondtimehehadbeenthere.17時(shí)

.六.值得注意的兩點(diǎn)

1.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞才有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(包括現(xiàn)在

進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)),如果短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞、終止性動(dòng)詞和

狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞用在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中，則不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而是

表示將來(lái)或別的含義.Iwastoldthatshewas

leavingforNewYorkthe

next182.

只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞才可以與表示一段時(shí)間

的狀語(yǔ)(如：for

3

days,since

lastNovember)連用.

She

has

caught

a

bad

coldfor

a

couple

ofdays.

has

had

The

manager

is

beingkindtousall

now.(強(qiáng)調(diào)暫時(shí)性態(tài)度，表示平時(shí)對(duì)我們大家并不善良)

day.

七、A

possibleversion:Look

at

the

way

the

picture

has

been

paintedListentothe

way

the

song

has

been

writtenLook

at

the

way

the

film

has

been

madeNow

think

about

what

you

could

create.Look

at

the

way

the

needy

have

been

helpedLook

at

the

way

the

river

has

been

cleanedLook

at

the

way

the

tree

has

been

plantedNow

think

how

to

make

the

world

a

better

place.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)肯

定

句：主

語(yǔ)

+

have/has+been+v-ed+其

他

.否

定

句：主語(yǔ)+have

/has+not

+been+v-ed+其

他

.一

般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+

主

語(yǔ)

+been+v-ed+

其

他

?

特殊疑問(wèn)句：提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has

+been+v-ed+其他?

提問(wèn)其他：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句?1.Fill

inthe

blanksaccordingtothegiveninformation.1.We

won't

start

the

work

until

all

the

preparations2.S

sp

pml

d

)l.et

has

been

made(make)into

at

least

ten

different

films

over

thepast

years.3.In

the

last

few

years

thousands

of

filmshave

been

produced

(produce)all

over

the

world.

4.Manybuildings

have

beepbuhujlince1980.meHaaRayaeeeekvaahhII.Changethesentences

intothe

presentperfectpassivevoice.1.Myfatherhasrepaired

theTVset.TheTVsethasbeenrepairedby

my

father.

2.The

teacher

has

borrowed

the

bicycle.Thebyciclehas

beenborrowed

by

the

teacher.

3.They

have

asked

him

some

questions.Hehasbeen

asked

some

questions

by

them.總結(jié)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)性的動(dòng)

作，動(dòng)作已完成并強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，主語(yǔ)和謂

語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。The

doorhasalready

been

locked.門(mén)早已經(jīng)被鎖上了。Ihave

been

employedat

thejob

since2015.自從2015年，我就做這份工作。2.基本構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)A

lot

of

money

has

been

spent為

hasto

pro/have

beentect

the

olddte。noW.筆錢(qián)來(lái)保護(hù)這座古廟。atered

lately.到目前為止已投入了大Thesetrees

havebeenw那些樹(shù)最近已澆水。mplebyone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句3.式肯式語(yǔ)+have/hasbeendon定主e...否定式主語(yǔ)+have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑問(wèn)式Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+beendone.….?特殊疑問(wèn)式特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+語(yǔ)主+been0ne.….?Northern

Chinahas

beenswept

throughby

astrongcoldwind

recently.最近一股強(qiáng)冷空氣橫掃中國(guó)北方?！更c(diǎn)津](1)若句子主語(yǔ)(2)用于現(xiàn)在完

far

,

by

now為第三人稱單數(shù)成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),

up

to

now

,

recently時(shí)，助動(dòng)詞要用ha

有：sincethe

n,

since,

lately,

alreadys。+

,

ye句