走近中國歷史人物-2024年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀

11走近中國歷史人物-2024年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀

題型主要內(nèi)容

1短文選詞填空講述了諸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。

2完形填空介紹了中國歷史上偉大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他對中國教育

所做的貢獻及人們對他的評價。

3完形填空俞伯牙和鐘子期知音難求的感人故事。

4閱讀理解介紹了王維和他的詩《送元二使安西》。

5閱讀理解講述了李時珍的人生故事。

01

（2022?遼寧錦州?中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文完整、正確，

并將答案寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置（每個詞只能用一次）。

fill,through,possible,turned,much,drum,hear,three,these,others

Thisisastoryabouttwowisemen-ZhugeLiangandZhouYu.TheChinesepeoplehavebeen

tellingthestoryformanyyears.Oneday,ZhouYugaveZhugeLiangan1task.Heaskedhimto

make100,000arrows（箭）intendays."Noproblem,9,ZhugeLiangsaidatonce.'['11bringyou100,000

arrowsin2days.”

ZhugeLiangaskedhissoldiers（士兵）to320largeboatswithmanystraw（稻草）men.On

theearlymorningofthethirdday,healsoaskedthesoldierstosail（航行）theboatstothecampsofCao

Cao'sarmyonthe4sideoftheriver.Thesoldiersshoutedandbeattheirdrumsloudly.

WhenCaoCao'ssoldiers5thesounds,theythoughttheywereunderattack（攻擊）.

However,theycouldnotseeenemies6thethickfog（霧）ontheriver.CaoCaoorderedhis

soldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsofthe7andtheshouting.ZhugeLiang'sboatswere

soonfullofarrows.

ZhugeLiang'ssoldiersthen8theboatsaroundandshouted,4tThankyouforyourarrows,

CaoCao."ZhugeLiangtookall9arrowstoZhouYu.Hefinishedthetasksuccessfully.There

were10than100,000ofthem.ItisthestoryofBorrowArrowswithStrawBoats.

02

（2022-內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯,二模）WhoisthegreatestteacherinChinesehistory?Youmaythinkof

Confucius（孑L子），September28washisbirthday.Althoughhelivedover2,000years11,people

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todaystillrememberandrespecthim.

ConfuciuslivedintheKingdomofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Hehada12

childhood.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3,sohehadto13tohelphismother,butyoung

Confuciusnever旦studying.Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetry

andsports.

Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChina.Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom

15familiescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryone16gotoschoolifthey

wantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.

Today,peoplestill17Confucius,lessons.Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy（值

得）tobelearned.t4WhenIamwiththreepeople,oneofthemmustbebetterthanmeinsome18.I

choosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.^^Healsotaughtusthat19isveryimportantinstudy.

“Allstudybutnothinkingmakespeoplepuzzled（困惑的）.Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy.”

Confuciusisnotonlyagreatteacher,butalsoafamousthinkerwithwisethoughtsabouttheworld

andsociety.Hismostimportantteachingsareabout20andgoodmanners.t4Apersonshouldbe

strictwithhimself,butbekindtoothers.9,hesaid.

11.A.beforeB.agoC.afterD.later

12.A.hardB.happyC.simpleD.pleasant

13.A.studyB.writeC.singD.work

14.A.gaveinB.gaveawayC.gaveupD.gaveout

15.A.richB.poorC.bigD.small

16.A.couldB.mightC.mustD.should

17.A.realizeB.influenceC.studyD.listen

18.A.subjectsB.periodsC.areasD.places

19.A.thinkingB.readingC.teachingD.learning

20.A.happinessB.kindnessC.strictnessD.safeness

03

（2022?四川?眉山天府新區(qū)興盛學(xué)校一模）HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoyaand

ZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical21oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthe

story.

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DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therelivedagreatmusiciannamedYuBoya.Heplayedthe

musicalinstrumentguqinverywell.Unluckily,fewpeoplecould22hismusic.

Oneday,Boyawenttravelingbyboat.Onhisway,hemetwithabig23andstoppedthe

boatbytheriverside.Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautifulscenery（景色），hewasvery24.

Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.Ashewasthrowinghimselfintoplayingmusic,hesuddenly

noticedthat25waslisteningtohimbytheriverside.Boyacameouttheoftheboatandsawa

personenjoyinghismusic.ThatpersonwasZhongZiqi.Boya26himtohisboatandplayedfor

him.Heplayedonetune（曲子）thatdescribedthehighmountainandanotherthatdescribedtherunning

water.ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoyaforhismusical27.Boyawasvery

excited,andsaid,t4Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!"

They28thattheywouldmeetagaininthesameplacethenextyear.Thefollowingyear,

Boyaarrivedontime,29hedidn'tseeZhong.Later,helearnedthatZhonghaddiedofanillness.

Boyawassosadthathebrokehisguqinanddecided30toplayitagain.

Later,theterm“zhiyin“begantobeusedtodescribeaveryclosefriend.

21.A.ruleB.partC.exampleD.character

22.A.forgetB.believeC.realizeD.understand

23.A.rainB.boatC.instrumentD.fish

24.A.boredB.excitedC.proudD.sad

25.A.somebodyB.everybodyC.anybodyD.nobody

26.A.sentB.invitedC.refusedD.threw

27.A.ruleB.talentC.journeyD.score

28.A.agreedB.doubtedC.mindedD.wondered

29.A.ifB.soC.butD.because

30.A.onlyB.justC.onceD.never

04

（2022?江蘇?鹽城市鹽都區(qū)實驗初中一模）

AFarewellSongWangWei

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①Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwithmorning▲

②Thewillowsbythehotellooksofreshandgreen.

(3)1inviteyoutodrinkacupofwineagain.

?Westofthesunnypassnomorefriendswillbeseen.

(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)

Withthetemperaturerising,springisagoodtimetogooutandtravelfaraway.TangDynastypoet

WangWeibidfarewelltohisfriendinthisseason.ThepoemAFarewellSongdescribeshisexperience.On

aspringmorning,Wanghastosaygoodbyetohisfriend-YuanErwhowouldleaveforafarawayplace

calledAnxi,intoday'sXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.WanghopesthathisfriendYuanwillsafely

returnfromAnxi,althoughheknowsthattheymightnotseeeachotheragain.Evenwiththisknowledge,

thepoetisnotwillingtoshowmuchsorroworsadnessforYuan'sdeparture(離開).Instead,hewantsto

takethetimetotreasuretheirfriendshipandinvitesYuantodrinkacupofwine.Inthepoem,Wanguses

theskillofexchangingroles.Onthesurface,thepoetsaysgoodbyetohisfriend.Butthefactisthatthetwo

likelyhavenochancetoseeeachotheragain.SoitisthatYuansaysgoodbyetothepoetaswell.

WangWeiisconsideredoneofthegreatestpoetsoftheTangDynasty,alongwithDuFuandLiBai.

Ofthethree,WangWeiwastheonlyonewhohadasuccessfulcareerinthebureaucracy(官場).Whenhe

wasfree,hespentmuchtimeinthecountrysidethinkingaboutnature.Wangisbestknownfordescribing

quietscenesofwaterandmist,withfewdetailsandlittlehumanpresence.Hehasbeenpraisedfor“putting

paintingintohispoetryandpoetryintohispainting.^^

31.Whichwordcanbeputin▲?

A.fogB.windC.rainD.sun

32.InAFarewellSong,whichsentencespointouttheplaceandtimeoffarewell?

A.②③B.②④C.①②D.③④

33.WhatdidWangWeiexpressbywritingthispoem?

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A.Hishappinessofenjoyingthescene.B.Hisgreetingstohisfriend.

C.Hissadnessofdeparture.D.Hiswishforhisfriend.

34.WhatcanwelearnaboutWangWeiaccordingtothepassage?

A.Hedidn'tfeelverysadaboutYuan'sdeparture.

B.Hewasagreatsuccessinbothworkandpoetry.

C.Heisbestknownfordescribinghumanswithrichdetails.

D.Heenjoyedwritingpoemsandpaintingatthesametime.

05

（2022?山東,曹縣教學(xué)研究室二模）LiShizhenwasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinese

history.HewasbominQichun,Hubeiin1518.BothofLiShizhen'sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.

LiShizhen'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwhotraveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs（藥

草）andcured（治愈）people.Hisfatherwasadoctorwhowroteseveralbooks.

LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen'sfather

wantedhimtoenterpolitics（從政）.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecountry-level

examination,buthewasneverabletopasstheimperial（帝國的）examination.Whenhewas38,hecured

thesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt（宮廷）.Afewyearslater,he

becameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.Eventhoughhefulfilledhisfather9sdream,hedidn't

wanttocontinueworkingforthecourt.Oneyearlater,heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.

LiShizhenwasfamousforhisbook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica（《本草綱目》）.Hespent27

yearswritingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissucha

successfulbook.NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

35.WhatdidLiShizhen'sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?

A.Tobeadoctor.B.Towriteabook.C.Toenterpolitics.

36.Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured.

A.hisgrandfatherB.thesonofthePrinceofChuC.anofficialinthatcountry

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37.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?

A.Workingforthecourt.

B.Curingalotofpeople.

C.Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica.

38.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.LiShizhen'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorandwroteseveralbooks.

B.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedtheimperialexamination.

C.CompendiumofMateriaMedicaisoneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

39.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.LiShizhen'sliffe.B.LiShizhen'sbook.C.LiShizhen'sherbs.

參考答案：

1.impossible2.three3.fill4.other5.heard6.through7.drums8.turned9.these10.mor

e

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了諸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。

1.句意：一天，周瑜交給諸葛亮一項不可能完成的任務(wù)。根據(jù)"Heaskedhimtomake100,000arrows

（箭）intendays”可知在10天內(nèi)制作10萬支箭是不可能的，impossible“不可能的”，形容詞，故填

impossibleo

2.句意：我將在三天內(nèi)給你帶來十萬支箭。根據(jù)“days”可知此處應(yīng)用基數(shù)詞修飾名詞，three“三個”

符合語境，故填three。

3.句意:諸葛亮讓他的士兵們在20艘大船上裝上稻草人。根據(jù)"20largeboatswithmanystraw（稻草）

men”可知是在船上裝滿稻草人，fill“裝滿”符合語境，空前有不定式符號，動詞用原形，故填fill。

4.句意:第三天一大早，他又叫士兵們把船開到河對岸曹操軍隊的營地。根據(jù)"onthe...sideoftheriver.”

可知是指河岸的另一邊，theotherside“另一邊”，故填other。

5.句意:當曹操的士兵們聽到聲音時，他們認為他們遭到了攻擊。根據(jù)“WhenCaoCao'ssoldiers...the

sounds”可知是指曹軍聽到了聲音，hear“聽見”，動詞，句子是一般過去時，動詞用過去式，故填heard。

6.句意：然而，他們透過河上的濃霧看不到敵人。根據(jù)"However,theycouldnotseeenemies...thethick

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fog(霧)ontheriver.”可知此處是指透過濃霧看敵人，through“通過”，介詞，符合語境，故填through。

7.句意：曹操命令他的士兵朝著鼓聲和喊叫聲射箭。根據(jù)"CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrows

towardsthesoundsofthe”以及上文"beattheirdrumsloudly.”可知是指鼓的聲音，故填drums()

8.句意：諸葛亮的士兵把船轉(zhuǎn)過來。根據(jù)"ZhugeLiang'ssoldiersthen...theboatsaroundandshouted”

可知是指把船轉(zhuǎn)過來，開回去，turn符合語境，句子是一般過去時，動詞用過去式，故填turned。

9.句意：諸葛亮把這些箭都帶給了周瑜。根據(jù)"ZhugeLiangtookall...arrowstoZhouYu”結(jié)合備選詞

可知是指這些箭，these“這些”符合語境，故填these。

10.句意：有超過10萬支箭。根據(jù)"Therewere...than100,000ofthem.”可知此處是指箭的數(shù)量超過

10萬支,故填more。

11.B12.A13.D14.C15.A16.D17.C18.C19.A20.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了中國歷史上偉大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他對中國教育所做

的貢獻及人們對他的評價。

11.句意：盡管他生活在2000多年前，但今天的人們?nèi)匀挥浀煤妥鹬厮?/p>

before在...之前；ago以前；after在....之后；later之后。根據(jù)"Althoughhelivedover2,000years…”

可知，此處表示在“2000多年前”，應(yīng)用“ago”。故選B。

12.句意：他有一個艱難的童年。

hard艱難的；happy開心；simple簡單的；pleasant令人愉快的。根據(jù)“Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly

3”可知，他有一個艱難的童年。故選A。

13.句意：父親在他三歲的時候就去世了，所以他不得不工作來幫助母親，但年輕的孔子從未放棄

學(xué)習(xí)。

study學(xué)習(xí)；write寫；sing唱歌；work工作。根據(jù)"sohehadto...tohelphismother,"可知，他不得不

工作來幫助母親。故選D。

14.句意：父親在他三歲的時候就去世了，所以他不得不工作來幫助母親，但年輕的孔子從未放棄

學(xué)習(xí)。

gavein屈月艮；gaveaway泄露；gaveup放棄；gaveout分發(fā)。根據(jù)“Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersand

learnedmusic,history,poetryandsports”可知，孔子從未放棄學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。

15.句意：那時，只有富家子弟才能上學(xué)，但孔子認為每個人想學(xué)習(xí)就應(yīng)該上學(xué)。

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rich富有的；poor貧窮的；big大的；small小的。根據(jù)“Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom...familiescould

gotoschool”可知，那時只有富家子弟才能上學(xué)。故選A。

16.句意：那時，只有富家子弟才能上學(xué)，但孔子認為每個人想學(xué)習(xí)就應(yīng)該上學(xué)。

could可以；might可能；must必須；should應(yīng)該。根據(jù)"Confiiciusbelievedeveryone...gotoschoolifthey

wantedtolearn.”可知，孔子認為每個人想學(xué)習(xí)就應(yīng)該上學(xué)。故選D。

17.句意：現(xiàn)在，人們還在學(xué)習(xí)孔子的課程。

realize意識到；influence影響；study學(xué)習(xí)；listen聽。根據(jù)"Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy

（值得）tobelearned.”可知，現(xiàn)如今人們還在學(xué)習(xí)孔子的課程。故選C。

18.句意：當我和三個人在一起時，他們中的一個在某些方面一定比我好。

subjects科目；periods時期；areas方面；places地方。根據(jù)“Ichoosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.^^

可知，三人行必要我?guī)熝?，所以他們中的一個在某些方面一定比我好。故選C。

19.句意：他還告訴我們，思考在學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。

thinking思考；reading閱讀；teaching教；learning學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)"Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeople

lazy.”可知，孔子認為思考在學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。故選A。

20.句意：他最重要的教導(dǎo)是關(guān)于善良和良好的舉止。

happiness開心；kindness善良；strictness嚴格；safeness安全。根據(jù)"Apersonshouldbestrictwithhimself,

butbekindtoothers.”可知，他最重要的教導(dǎo)是關(guān)于善良和良好的舉止。故選B。

21.C22.D23.A24.B25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是俞伯牙和鐘子期知音難求的感人故事。

21.句意：他們的友誼是理想的中國友誼的典型例子。

rule規(guī)貝!J；part部分；example例子；character性格。根據(jù)“HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoya

andZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical...oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthestory.^^

可知，此處是用俞伯牙和鐘子期舉了一個例子。故選C。

22.句意：不幸的是，很少有人能聽懂他的音樂。

forget忘記；believe相信；realize意識到；understand理解。根據(jù)“Zhongunderstoodbothofthemand

admiredBoya”可知，此處沒人能聽懂他的音樂。故選D。

23.句意：在路上，他遇到了一場大雨，把船停在河邊。

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rain雨；boat船；instrument儀器；fish魚。根據(jù)"Whentherainstopped”可知，遇到了一場大雨。故

選Ao

24.句意：雨停了，看到美麗的景色，他非常激動。

bored乏味的；excited興奮的;proud自豪的；sad悲傷的。根據(jù)“Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautiful

scenery（景色）”"和Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.”可矢口，止匕處他應(yīng)該非常激動。故選B。

25.句意：當他全神貫注地演奏音樂時，他突然注意到河邊有人在聽他演奏。

somebody某人；everybody每個人；anybody任何人；nobody沒有人。根據(jù)“Boyacameouttheofthe

boatandsawapersonenjoyinghismusic.”可知，有人在聽他演奏。故選A。

26.句意：伯牙邀請他到他的船上為他演奏。

sent寄送；invited邀請；refused拒絕；threw扔。根據(jù)"ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”

可知，伯牙邀請他到他的船上。故選B。

27.句意：鐘子期聽懂了這兩首曲子，并欽佩伯牙的音樂才能。

rule規(guī)貝!I；talent才能；journey旅行；score分數(shù)。根據(jù)“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”

和“Boyawasveryexcited,andsaid,4Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!"'可知，子期欽佩伯

牙的音樂才能。故選B。

28.句意：他們約定明年再在同一個地方見面。

agreed同意，約定；doubted懷疑；minded介意；wondered想知道。根據(jù)"theywouldmeetagaininthe

sameplacethenextyear”可知，此處表兩個人的約定。故選A。

29.句意：第二年，伯牙準