河南省豫北名校2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中檢測英語試卷（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省豫北名校2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中檢測英語試卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillMaryprobablydobeforeskiingnexttime?A.Haveagoodrest.B.Wearbettershoes.C.Takeatrainingcourse.2.Howwillthewomanpay?A.Incash.B.Bycreditcard.C.Bycheque.3.Whereisthegasstation?A.OnNorthStreet.B.OnFifthAvenue.C.OnTurnerLane.4.Howmuchshouldthewomanpay?A.$38.B.$35.C.$34.5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheartexhibition?A.Mostunwelcome.B.Quitefantastic.C.Extremelyboring.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Reporterandinterviewee.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Hostandaudience.7.Whywasthebookdelayed(推遲)?A.Thewriterdoesn’tlikethecover.B.Thepublisherwasshortofmoney.C.Thespecialpaperwasnotavailable.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatwillPeterdoduringthesummervacation?A.Washdishesforothers.B.Setuphisownbusiness.C.Workathisfather’scompany.9.WhatdoesPeteradvisethewomantodo?A.Helpchildrenstudy.B.Delivernewspapers.C.Playwithstudents.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whywillthespeakerseatouttonight?A.Theelectricityiscutoff.B.Theyfindcookingboring.C.Theycan’tcookwithoutwater.11.Whatdoesthemanintendtoeat?A.Chinesefood.B.Indianfood.C.Italianfood.12.Howwillthespeakersgototherestaurant?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Bycar.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?A.Turnonthemusic.B.Turnuptheradio.C.Turndownthemusic.14.Whichtypeofmusicdoesthemanprefer?A.Rockmusic.B.Countrymusic.C.Classicalmusic.15.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Gohome.B.WatchTV.C.Havesupper.16.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atthewoman’shouse.B.Onthebus.C.Atthecinema.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowoldwasAelitawhenherfirstpaintingwasdisplayedinLondon?A.4yearsold.B.22monthsold.C.9monthsold.18.WhatwasthelowestpriceofAelita’swork?A.$4,000.B.$10,000.C.$14,000.19.WhatwasAelita’sachievementin2020?A.ShesoldherpaintingtoJacksonPollock.B.ShehadherexhibitioninAmerica.C.ShewonGlobalChildProdigyAwards.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Toencouragepeopletolearntopaint.B.Tointroduceareallygiftedartist.C.Todescribehisloveofabstractpaintings.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheLunarNewYearisamajorholidayinseveralAsiancountries.Andpeoplecelebrateoverseveraldaysorevenweeks.ItiscalledtheSpringFestivalinChina,TetinVietnamandSeollalinKorea.WhataresometraditionsaroundtheLunarNewYear?Onewell-knownancientstoryspeaksofNian,aterriblemonsterthateatshumanfleshonNewYear'sDay.ButNianfearsthecolourred,loudnoisesandfire.So,LunarNewYearactivitiesincludeputtingupredpaperdragonsonthedoorsofhomes.Peoplealsoburnredlanternsallnightandsetofffirecrackerstochaseawaythemonster.Redisconsideredaluckycolourtoringinanewyear.Peoplewearredclothing,decoratetheirhomeswithredpaperlanternsanduseredenvelopestopresentlovedoneswithgiftsofmoney.Ancestorworshipisalsocommonduringthistime.ManyKoreanfamiliestakepartinaceremonycalled“charye”.Femalefamilymemberspreparefoodandmalemembersserveittoancestors.Thefinalactinvolvestheentirefamilysharingamealandaskingforhelpfromtheirancestors.Vietnamesecultureholdsasimilartradition.Howdodiaspora(大移居)communitiescelebrate?MembersofAsianAmericancommunitiesaroundtheUSalsoorganizeparades,partiesandothereventsaroundtheLunarNewYear.Lionanddragondancesarecommon,asarefireworks,traditionalfoodandculturalperformances.WhataresomespecialfoodsfortheNewYear?EachculturehasitsownspecialfoodsforNewYearcelebration.InChineseculture,forexample,“changshoumian”or“l(fā)ong-lifenoodles”areeatenwithawishforalong,healthyandhappylife.Koreanscelebratewith“tteokguk”,asoupthatcontainsthinlyslicedricecakes.AndVietnameseculturehas“banhchung”,atraditionaldishmadefromrice,mungbeanandporkbelly.Thedishisusuallycoveredwithbananaleaves,shapedintoasquareandtiedupwithstringsforsteaming.1.WhichisNOTawaytodriveawayNian?A.Settingofffirecrackers. B.Burningredlanterns.C.Puttingupreddragons. D.Makingredenvelopes.2.InwhichcountrydopeoplecelebratetheLunarNewYearwith“banhchung”?A.Korea. B.China. C.Vietnam. D.TheUS.3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afolkstory. B.Amagazine.C.Apromotionalbrochure. D.Afoodpromotionadvertisement.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了農(nóng)歷新年的相關(guān)知識?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButNianfearsthecolourred,loudnoisesandfire.So,LunarNewYearactivitiesincludeputtingupredpaperdragonsonthedoorsofhomes.Peoplealsoburnredlanternsallnightandsetofffirecrackerstochaseawaythemonster.(但是年害怕紅色、噪音和火。所以，農(nóng)歷新年的活動包括在家里的門上貼紅紙龍。人們還整夜燒紅燈籠，放鞭炮來趕走怪獸)”可知，人們驅(qū)趕“年”這種怪獸的方法包括貼紅紙龍、燒紅燈籠和放鞭炮；根據(jù)第三段“Redisconsideredaluckycolourtoringinanewyear.Peoplewearredclothing,decoratetheirhomeswithredpaperlanternsanduseredenvelopestopresentlovedoneswithgiftsofmoney.(紅色被認(rèn)為是新年的幸運色。人們穿紅衣服，用紅紙燈籠裝飾他們的家，用紅包給愛的人送錢)”可知，紅包的目的是為了送壓歲錢，而不是為了驅(qū)趕“年”這種怪獸，故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AndVietnameseculturehas‘banhchung’,atraditionaldishmadefromrice,mungbeanandporkbelly.(越南文化中還有‘banhchung’，這是一種由米飯、綠豆和五花肉制成的傳統(tǒng)菜肴)”可知，越南慶祝農(nóng)歷新年的時候，會吃banhchung這種特別的食物，故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“TheLunarNewYearisamajorholidayinseveralAsiancountries.Andpeoplecelebrateoverseveraldaysorevenweeks.ItiscalledtheSpringFestivalinChina,TetinVietnamandSeollalinKorea.(農(nóng)歷新年是幾個亞洲國家的重要節(jié)日。人們會慶祝幾天甚至幾周。它在中國被稱為春節(jié)，在越南被稱為Tet，在韓國被稱為Seollal)”可知，文章主要介紹了農(nóng)歷新年的習(xí)俗、傳統(tǒng)等，應(yīng)是出自一本雜志，故選B。B“Agoodbookiseasytofind.”ThatisthemessageonasignatHernandoGuanlao’shomeintheMakatiareaofManila,thecapitalofthePhilippines.Guanlaohasturnedhishomeintoafreepubliclibrary.Visitorscanborrowthebooksinsideforfree.Guanlaohopeshislibrarywillinspirepeopletoread,especiallytheyoung.The72-year-oldsaidthathislibraryincludesbooksthatallstudentscanenjoy—fromyoungchildreninkindergartentoolderstudentsingrade12.Guanlao’slibraryhasbooksforreadersofallinterests.Hespoketoreportersathishome,whichisfilledwiththousandsofavailablebooks.HecallshislibraryReadingClub2000.Itcontainsmanydifferentkindsofbooks,orgenres(體裁).Genreisagroupofartistic,musical,orliteraryworksthatshareaparticularstyle,form,orcontent.Somegenresinliteraturearepoetry,non-fiction(orrealstories),andfiction(orimaginarystories).Thenthereare“sub-genres”suchascookbooks,sciencefiction,andmystery,tonamejustafew.Hestartedhislibrarymorethan20yearsagowhenheset50booksonthewalkwayinfrontofhishome.Guanlao’scollectionhasgrowngreatlyovertheyears—thankstoacontinuoussupplyofbooksfromdonors.Speakingofdonors,hesaid,“Theyjustleaveboxesofbooksoutsidemyhouse.”Hehasalsostarteddonatingbookshimself.Hesendsreadingmaterialstopublicschoolsinfar-awaycommunities.Guanlao’seffortscomeatatimewhenreadingabilityamongstudentsinthePhilippinesremainslow.TheProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessmentreportsthatreadingscoresinthePhilippinesareamongthelowestintheworld.TheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentrunsthatprogramme.StudentsinthePhilippinesarealsofacinglearningdelaysinmathandscience.Guanlaoisfirmabouthisgoals:“Mymission(使命)istogiveawayusedanddonatedbookstoothersatnocost,”hesaid,“andtopromoteeducationthroughliterature.”4.WhoarethemaintargetedreadersofReadingClub2000?A.Theyouth. B.Literarylovers.C.Middle-agedandoldreaders. D.Communitybookdonors.5.WhichstatementaboutGuanlao’slibraryisUNTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Thebookclassificationisverydetailed.B.Thelibrarycontinuouslybuysbooksforpublicschools.C.Thecollectionofthelibraryisconstantlyexpanding.D.Richbookscansatisfyvariousreadingtastes.6.Whatwastheoriginalintentionbehindtheestablishmentofthisprivatelibrary?A.Toincreasesocialinfluence.B.Toenrichtheculturalatmosphere.C.Torespondtothegovernment'scall.D.TohelpwiththebackwardeducationsituationinPhilippines.7.WhatisGuanlaolike?A.Heisaself-disciplinedteacher. B.Hehasastrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.C.Heisanindustriousvolunteerinthelibrary. D.Heistraditionalandconservative.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了菲律賓首都馬尼拉的HernandoGuanlao在自己的家中設(shè)立了一個免費的公共圖書館，希望通過這個圖書館鼓勵人們閱讀，改善菲律賓落后教育狀況的故事?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Guanlaohopeshislibrarywillinspirepeopletoread,especiallytheyoung.The72-year-oldsaidthathislibraryincludesbooksthatallstudentscanenjoy—fromyoungchildreninkindergartentoolderstudentsingrade12.(Guanlao說他希望他的圖書館能激發(fā)人們閱讀的興趣，特別是年輕人。這位72歲的老人說，他的圖書館收藏了所有學(xué)生都能閱讀的書籍，從幼兒園的幼兒到12年級的大學(xué)生)”可知，ReadingClub2000的主要目標(biāo)讀者是年輕人。故選A。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Hehasalsostarteddonatingbookshimself.Hesendsreadingmaterialstopublicschoolsinfar-awaycommunities.(他自己也開始捐書了。他向偏遠(yuǎn)社區(qū)的公立學(xué)校寄送閱讀材料)”可知，Guanlao是將自己圖書館的書籍捐贈給偏遠(yuǎn)社區(qū)的公立學(xué)校，而非為公立學(xué)校購買書籍。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Guanlao’seffortscomeatatimewhenreadingabilityamongstudentsinthePhilippinesremainslow.(Guanlao的努力是在菲律賓學(xué)生的閱讀能力仍然很低的時候做出的)”以及最后一段中的“Guanlaoisfirmabouthisgoals:“Mymissionistogiveawayusedanddonatedbookstoothersatnocost,”hesaid,“andtopromoteeducationthroughliterature.”(Guanlao對自己的目標(biāo)很堅定，他說:“我的使命是免費向他人贈送二手和捐贈的書籍，并通過文學(xué)促進(jìn)教育?！?”可知，這個私人圖書館成立的初衷是幫助改善菲律賓落后的教育狀況。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。最后一段中的“Guanlaoisfirmabouthisgoals:“Mymissionistogiveawayusedanddonatedbookstoothersatnocost,”hesaid,“andtopromoteeducationthroughliterature.”(Guanlao對自己的目標(biāo)很堅定,他說:“我的使命是免費向他人贈送二手和捐贈的書籍，并通過文學(xué)促進(jìn)教育?！?”可知，Guanlao是一個有強烈的社會責(zé)任感的人。故選B。CResearchershaveusedradar(雷達(dá))andothertechnologiestostudyalarge“star”sanddune(沙丘)ineasternMoroccolocatedinAfrica.Theteamsaiditwasabletogetdetaileddataonhowthesedunesformanddevelop.Astarduneisnamedafteritsshapebecauseitcanlooklikeastarwhenseenfromabove.Thesestructuresareverylargeandhaveahill,orpeak,atthetop.Theyhavelargemasses,calledarms,spreadingoutfromthepeak.Stardunesareshapedbywindandotherconditionsintheenvironment.StardunesarecommonindesertsandcanbefoundinAfrica,theMiddleEast,ChinaandNorthAmerica.Butscientistssay,althoughtherearealotofstardunes,theformationshavenotbeenstudiedverymuchsofar.TheresearchresultsrecentlyappearedinthepublicationScientificReports.Thescientistssaidthestardunerises100metresabovesurroundingdunesandis700metreswide.Thestructurecontainsanestimatedfive-and-a-halfmetrictonsofsand.Theresearchersusedradarthatcan“see”undergroundtolookatdifferentelementswithinthestardune.Thescienceinstrumentsthatwereusedaredesignedtomapalllayerswithinthedunes.Theyalsousedamethodcalledluminescencedatingtostudytheageofthedune.Thismethodusesmineralsinthesandtoestimatewhentheylastreceivedsunlightinanattempttoguesstheageofthedune.Theresearchersestimatedtheoldestpartsofthebaseofthestarduneareabout13,000yearsold.Andtheduneismovingacrossthedesertatarateofabout50centimetresayear.Theteamnotedthestarduneexperiencedthemostgrowthduringthepast1,000years.Stardunesmakeupjust10percentofalldunesinEarth'sdeserts.TheyhavealsobeenobservedonMarsandonSaturn'smoonTitan.Earth'slargeststardunesarefoundinwesternChina'sBadainJarandesert.StardunesalsoarefoundinplacesincludingtheNamibSandSeainNamibia,largesandseasinAlgeriaandRub’alKhaliinSaudiArabia.InNorthAmerica,GreatSandDunesNationalParkinColoradocontainsaseriesofthem.8.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A.Toprovidereaderswithinformationaboutstardunes.B.Tointroducethelocationsofsanddunes.C.Toshowthemainstructuresofsanddunes.D.Totellreaderspeoplehavelittleunderstandingofsanddunes.9.Whydoresearchersuseluminescencedating?A.Tomeasurethescaleofsanddunes.B.Todevelopmineralsinsidesanddunes.C.Todeterminewhenthesanddunebegantoform.D.Todescribetheunderlyingfeatureofsanddunes.10.Inwhichcountrycanyouseethebiggeststardunes?A.Morocco. B.China. C.SaudiArabia. D.TheUSA.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheProcessofSandDuneFormation.B.StarDunes:WondersintheDesert.C.ThePastandFutureofSandDunesonEarth.D.ResearchersUncover“Secrets”ofAfricanSandDune.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究人員利用雷達(dá)和其他技術(shù)研究了位于非洲的摩洛哥東部的一個大型“星狀”沙丘。該團隊表示，他們能夠捕捉到這些沙丘如何形成和發(fā)展的詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Astarduneisnamedafteritsshapebecauseitcanlooklikeastarwhenseenfromabove.Thesestructuresareverylargeandhaveahill,orpeak,atthetop.Theyhavelargemasses,calledarms,spreadingoutfromthepeak.Stardunesareshapedbywindandotherconditionsintheenvironment.(星狀沙丘因其形狀而得名，因為從上面看它就像一顆星星。這些建筑非常大，頂部有一座小山或山峰。它們有很大的巖體，稱為臂，從山頂向外伸展。星沙丘是由風(fēng)和其他環(huán)境條件形成的。)”可知，此段的目的是為讀者提供有關(guān)“星狀”沙丘的信息。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theyalsousedamethodcalledluminescencedatingtostudytheageofthedune.Thismethodusesmineralsinthesandtoestimatewhentheylastreceivedsunlightinanattempttoguesstheageofthedune.(他們還使用了一種稱為發(fā)光測年的方法來研究沙丘的年齡。這種方法利用沙子中的礦物質(zhì)來估計它們最后一次接受陽光的時間，試圖猜測沙丘的年齡。)”可知，研究人員使用發(fā)光測年法是為了確定沙層的年齡，即“沙丘是何時開始形成的”。故選C?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Earth'slargeststardunesarefoundinwesternChina'sBadainJarandesert.(地球上最大的星狀沙丘位于中國西部的巴丹吉林沙漠。)”可知，最大的星狀沙丘在中國。故選B。?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Researchershaveusedradar(雷達(dá))andothertechnologiestostudyalarge“star”sanddune(沙丘)ineasternMoroccolocatedinAfrica.Theteamsaiditwasabletogetdetaileddataonhowthesedunesformanddevelop.(研究人員利用雷達(dá)和其他技術(shù)研究了位于非洲摩洛哥東部的一個大型“星形”沙丘。該團隊表示，他們能夠獲得這些沙丘如何形成和發(fā)展的詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)。)”和全文內(nèi)容可知，研究人員利用雷達(dá)和其他技術(shù)研究了位于非洲的摩洛哥東部的一個大型“星狀”沙丘。該團隊表示，他們能夠捕捉到這些沙丘如何形成和發(fā)展的詳細(xì)數(shù)據(jù)。因此推斷D項“研究人員揭開了非洲沙丘的“秘密””為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DArecentstudyidentifiedageneticcauseofleft-handednessinsomepeople.Researchersfoundrarevariants(變體)ofageneinvolvedincontrollingtheshapeofcells.Theyfoundthevariantstobe2.7timesmorecommoninleft-handedpeople.Thesegeneticvariantsaccountforpossibly0.1percentofleft-handedness.Buttheresearcherssaidagene,calledTUBB4B,mightplayapartinthedevelopmentofbrainasymmetry(不對稱性).Inmostpeople,thetwohalvesofthebrainhaveslightlydifferentstructuresandaredominantfordifferentactivities.ClydeFrancksoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsintheNetherlandssuggestedthatformostpeople,theleftsideofthebraincontrolsthedominantrighthand.TUBB4Bcontrolsaproteinthatgetsformedintofilaments(絲狀物)calledmicrotubules.Thesemicrotubulesgivestructuretotheinsidesofcells.ThechangesinTUBB4Bthataremorecommoninleft-handerssuggestthatmicrotubulesareinvolvedinsettingupthebrain’snormalasymmetries.Thetwobrainhalvesstarttodevelopdifferentlyinthehumanembryo(胚胎).Scientistsdonotknowthesystemthatcontrolsthis.Thestudy’sfindingswerebasedongeneticdatafrommorethan350,000middle-agedtoolderadultsinBritain.ItwasfromtheUKBiobank.About11percentofthepeopleinvolvedwereleft-handed.Formostpeople,left-orright-handednessmightcomedowntochance.Changesinthelevelsofsomemolecules(分子)duringimportanttimesofbraindevelopmentcouldinfluenceit,Franckssuggested.Historically,manyculturesdisapprovedofleft-handednessandforcedpeopletobecomeright-handed.InEnglish,theword“right”alsomeans“correct”or“proper”.Andtheexpressiona“l(fā)eft-handedcompliment”meansthatacommentmightseemnicebutisaninsult.Thenewfindingsmighthaveuseinthefieldofmentalhealth.Peoplewithschizophrenia(精神分裂)arearoundtwiceaslikelytobeleft-handedorambidextrous(左右開弓的).Francksobservedthatgenesinvolvedindevelopingthebraininearlylifemightbeinvolvedinbrainasymmetryandmentalhealth.“Ourstudyfoundsuggestiveevidenceofthis,andwehavealsoseenitinpreviousstudieswherewelookedatmorecommongeneticvariantsinthepopulation,”Francksadded.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Arecentbreakthroughinbrainresearch.B.Thecloserelationshipbetweengenesandhealth.C.Newdiscoveriesaboutwhysomepeopleareleft-handed.D.Ararevarianthasbeenultimatelydiscoveredbyresearchers.13.Whatisthemainfunctionofmicrotubules?A.Controllingthelefthand. B.Transportingaspecialprotein.C.ContinuouslychangingTUBB4B. D.Establishingnormalasymmetryinthebrain.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“aninsult”meaninParagraph6?A.Rudeness. B.Explanation. C.Encouragement. D.Awareness.15.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewfindingsfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyproveleft-handedpeoplehaveseriousmentalhealthproblems.B.Theywilloverturnsomepreviousconclusions.C.Theyhaveidentifiednewgenesinvolvedinearlybraindevelopment.D.Theymaycontributetofurtherexplorationofmentalhealth.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了一項關(guān)于左撇子成因的新研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一種基因的罕見變體可能與左撇子有關(guān)，該變體影響的微管可能在大腦不對稱性發(fā)展中起作用。此外，還提到了左撇子在不同文化中的看法以及該研究在心理健康領(lǐng)域可能的應(yīng)用?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段和第二段“Arecentstudyidentifiedageneticcauseofleft-handednessinsomepeople.Researchersfoundrarevariants(變體)ofageneinvolvedincontrollingtheshapeofcells.Theyfoundthevariantstobe2.7timesmorecommoninleft-handedpeople.Thesegeneticvariantsaccountforpossibly0.1percentofleft-handedness.Buttheresearcherssaidagene,calledTUBB4B,mightplayapartinthedevelopmentofbrainasymmetry(不對稱性).Inmostpeople,thetwohalvesofthebrainhaveslightlydifferentstructuresandaredominantfordifferentactivities.(最近的一項研究確定了一些人左撇子的遺傳原因。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種參與控制細(xì)胞形狀的基因的罕見變體。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這些變體在左撇子人群中的出現(xiàn)頻率是正常人的2.7倍。這些遺傳變體可能占左撇子的0.1%。但是研究人員表示，一種名為TUBB4B的基因可能在大腦不對稱性的發(fā)展中起作用。在大多數(shù)人中，大腦的兩個半球結(jié)構(gòu)略有不同，并且在不同的活動中占主導(dǎo)地位。)”可知，文本主要講述了一項關(guān)于左撇子成因的研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種基因的罕見變體與左撇子有關(guān)，這種變體可能在大腦不對稱性的發(fā)展中起作用，所以文本主要是關(guān)于一些人是左撇子的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C項。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThechangesinTUBB4Bthataremorecommoninleft-handerssuggestthatmicrotubulesareinvolvedinsettingupthebrain'snormalasymmetries.(TUBB4B的變化在左撇子中更為常見，這表明微管參與建立大腦的正常不對稱性。)”可知，微管的主要作用是建立大腦的正常不對稱性，故選D項?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第六段中“Andtheexpressiona‘left-handedcompliment’meansthatacommentmightseemnicebutisaninsult.(而“l(fā)eft-handedcompliment”這個表達(dá)的意思是一種評論看似很好，但實際上是一……。)”可知，“l(fā)eft-handedcompliment”看似好但實際上不是，也就是一種不好的、不恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)。A“無禮的”與畫線短語意義最為接近，故選A項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thenewfindingsmighthaveuseinthefieldofmentalhealth.(新發(fā)現(xiàn)可能在心理健康領(lǐng)域有用。)”可知，這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)可能在心理健康領(lǐng)域有作用，即可能有助于進(jìn)一步探索心理健康，故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Asweallknow,“Goingforawalk”isapopularpastimeamongolderandyoungergenerations.___16___.Butyoumaybesurprisedtohearthatwanderingthroughprettystreetsorhikingalongmountainousridgeshavenotalwaysbeenconsideredleisureactivities,accordingtoDanielGale,aresearcherofwalking.HesaysthatinBritain,walkingforfun“wasn'treallyathing”untilthe1780s.___17___,andsomepeopleassociateditwithcriminalactivity.ButforCharlesDickens,thefamousEnglish19thCenturyauthor,marchingthroughLondonstreetsandwalkingaroundthecountrysidewasabigpartofthecreativeprocess;atimetoabsorbwhatwasgoingonaroundhim.Butifspeed-walkingisn'tyourthing,perhapsyoucantakeinspirationfromanotherbig-thinkingwanderer.___18___.Hesaidthathecouldnotpreservehishealthandspiritsunlesshespentfourhoursadaywalkingatleast.___19___,buthaspedestrianetiquette(行人禮儀)remainedthesame?A1780articlefortheLondonMagazineadvisedpedestrianstoavoidthingssuchaswalkinginconversationandpreventingpeoplebehindyou.Nowadays,wecouldprobablyadddistractedphone-userstothatlist.Inthismodernage,whenmanyofusaretiedtoourdesksandtoourscreens,thesimpleactofsteppingoutontothecitypavements,orgettinglostinnature,maymakeallthedifferencetoourwellbeing.___20___?A.IsitsafetowalkthestreetsaloneatnightB.Bydoingso,theyhelpthemstrengthentheircapacitiesC.Thisideaoftakingawalktoclearyourheadhassurvivedthroughtothe21stCenturyD.That'sbecauseit'sbeneficialforbothphysicalandmentalhealthE.Beforethat,itwasjustsomethingpeopledidoutofnecessityF.Whetheryouseeyourselfmoreasacasualorapurposefulwalker,whynotbuildahabitoutofitG.19thCenturyAmericanwriterHenryDavidThoreautookaslowerapproach【答案】16.D17.E18.G19.C20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了散步的起源以及它如何演變成為現(xiàn)代人的一項重要日?；顒印！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Asweallknow,“Goingforawalk”isapopularpastimeamongolderandyoungergenerations.(我們都知道，“散步”是老少皆宜的消遣方式)”可知，選項承接上文說明其原因。故D選項“這是因為它對身心健康都有好處”切題。故選D項?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“HesaysthatinBritain,walkingforfun“wasn'treallyathing”untilthe1780s.(他說，在英國，直到18世紀(jì)80年代，以散步為樂趣“才真正成為一件事”)”可知，選項說明18世紀(jì)80年代之前關(guān)于散步的情況。故E選項“在此之前，這只是人們出于需要而做的事情，有些人把它與犯罪活動聯(lián)系在一起”切題。故選E項。【18題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Butifspeed-walkingisn'tyourthing,perhapsyoucantakeinspirationfromanotherbig-thinkingwanderer.(但是，如果你不喜歡快速走，也許你可以從另一個有遠(yuǎn)見的步行者那里得到靈感)”可知，選項承接上文說明這個有遠(yuǎn)見的步行者是誰以及他的舉措。故G選項“19世紀(jì)美國作家亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅采取了一種較為緩慢的方法”切題。故選G項?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“buthaspedestrianetiquette(行人禮儀)remainedthesame?(但是行人禮儀還保持不變嗎)”可知，選項與下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明步行隨著時間而延續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在。故C選項“通過散步來清醒頭腦的想法一直延續(xù)到21世紀(jì)”切題。故選C項。【20題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Inthismodernage,whenmanyofusaretiedtoourdesksandtoourscreens,thesimpleactofsteppingoutontothecitypavements,orgettinglostinnature,maymakeallthedifferencetoourwellbeing.(在這個現(xiàn)代時代，當(dāng)我們中的許多人被束縛在辦公桌和屏幕前時，走到城市的人行道上，或者迷失在大自然中，這一簡單的行為可能會對我們的健康產(chǎn)生重大影響)”可知，選項總結(jié)上文且發(fā)出號召，鼓勵人們散步。故F選項個“無論你認(rèn)為自己是一個隨意的還是有目的的步行者，為什么不養(yǎng)成一種習(xí)慣呢？”切題。故選F項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Atthedawnofthe20thcentury,Bagretsov,theSvyatonosskylighthouse-keeper,losthissight.Firsthefound___21___writinginthelogbook.Laterhenoticedthathewas___22___tomakeouttheshipsonthehorizon.ButBagretsovwasa___23___man.Besides,hiswifehelpedhimoutwiththemorecomplicatedtasks.Andso,___24___askingtoretire,determinedtoremaininpost,hesentnotificationtothemanagerwho,havingbeenmostimpressedbytheexcellentoperatingconditions,assigned(指派)a(n)___25___tohim.Lifeinthelighthouse___26___asnormaluntil1913whenageneral’sshipturnedup___27___onthelighthouse.AnumberofopportunistskeentotakeBagretsov’splacehadsent___28___claimingagainandagainthatitwasquiteimpossibletoentrusttheworkingofthisfacilitytosomeonewhocouldn’t___29___.Theunexpectedvisitwasintendedto___30___whethertherewasanytruthtotheseclaims.Followingaverythoroughinspection,thegeneralwroteinhisreport:Withthe___31___ofhiswifeandhisassistantwhois___32___withthemeteorological(氣象的)observations,heis___33___ofmanagingallmattersrelatedtothelighthouse.Itisproperthatheshouldberewardedforsomanyyearsofgood___34___.Theblindlighthouse-keepercarriedouthis___35___untilthestartoftheRussianRevolution,thenpassingontheroletohisson.21.A.questions B.difficulties C.fun D.luck22.A.longing B.expecting C.struggling D.dreaming23.A.tough B.reliable C.brave D.disabled24.A.regardlessof B.inspiteof C.dueto D.farfrom25.A.conductor B.student C.assistant D.politician26.A.occurred B.discovered C.continued D.approached27.A.unannounced B.unarmed C.undamaged D.uninvolved28.A.signals B.letters C.orders D.messages29.A.see B.communicate C.observe D.imagine30.A.turnout B.letout C.findout D.pickout31.A.analysis B.discussion C.plan D.help32.A.charged B.equipped C.surrounded D.faced33.A.aware B.proud C.capable D.fond34.A.reputation B.performance C.treatment D.harvest35.A.work B.patent C.power D.theme【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.C27.A28.B29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.B35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了燈塔管理員巴格列佐夫失明，但他依然克服困難，堅守崗位，得到嘉獎的故事。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：首先，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在日志本上寫作時遇到了困難。A.questions問題；B.difficulties困難；C.fun樂趣；D.luck運氣。根據(jù)上文“Atthedawnofthe20thcentury,Bagretsov,theSvyatonosskylighthouse-keeper,losthissight.”可知，巴格列佐夫失去視力，所以在他寫作時會有困難。故選B。【22題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來他注意到自己在辨認(rèn)地平線上的船只時很費力。A.longing渴望；B.expecting期待；C.struggling努力；D.dreaming夢想。根據(jù)上文“Atthedawnofthe20thcentury,Bagretsov,theSvyatonosskylighthouse-keeper,losthissight.Firsthefound____writinginthelogbook.”可知，他失去視力，起初是寫作困難，后來辨認(rèn)船只變得很吃力。故選C。【23題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是巴格列佐夫個堅強的人。A.tough堅強的；B.reliable可靠的；C.brave勇敢的；D.disabled殘疾的。根據(jù)下文“Besides,hiswifehelpedhimoutwiththemorecomplicatedtasks.”可知，他的妻子仍在幫助他完成復(fù)雜任務(wù)，所以巴格列佐夫在失明的情況下仍然在堅持工作，說明他是堅強的。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：因此，他不僅沒有請求退休，反而決心繼續(xù)留任，并向經(jīng)理發(fā)送了通知。經(jīng)理對燈塔優(yōu)秀的運行狀況印象深刻，于是指派了一位助手給他。A.regardlessof不顧；B.inspiteof盡管；C.dueto由于；D.farfrom遠(yuǎn)離，遠(yuǎn)非，完全不。根據(jù)下文“askingtoretire,determinedtoremaininpost,hesentnotificationtothemanager.”可知，他決心繼續(xù)留任，并向經(jīng)理發(fā)送了通知。所以他并沒有要求退休，而是繼續(xù)工作。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.conductor指揮；B.student學(xué)生；C.assistant助手；D.politician政治家。根據(jù)上文“Atthedawnofthe20thcentury,Bagretsov,theSvyatonosskylighthouse-keeper,losthissight.”以及下文“Withthe____ofhiswifeandhisassistantwhois____withthemeteorologicalobservations,heis____ofmanagingallmattersrelatedtothelighthouse.”可知，他失明了但在他的妻子和負(fù)責(zé)氣象觀測的助手的幫助下，他能夠管理所有與燈塔相關(guān)的事務(wù)，所以空處指派的是助手。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：燈塔里的生活一如既往地繼續(xù)著，直到1913年一艘將軍的船突然未經(jīng)宣布地出現(xiàn)在燈塔。A.occurred發(fā)生；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.continued繼續(xù)；D.approached接近。根據(jù)下文“asnormaluntil1913whenageneral’sshipturnedup____onthelighthouse.”可知，生活像往常一樣，所以是生活繼續(xù)正常進(jìn)行。故選C?！?/p>