2022屆高三英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)外刊閱讀 疫情變異話題 學(xué)案

高三英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)外刊閱讀外刊精選｜奧密克戎，是否會(huì)成為新冠疫情拐點(diǎn)？來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶的新冠變異病毒奧密克戎，雖然傳染性極強(qiáng)，傳播速度極快，然而感染后的重癥病例卻顯著下降。奧密克戎是否意味著疫情拐點(diǎn)的到來(lái)？這波感染相較之前有什么不同的表現(xiàn)？AfterOmicron,ThisPandemicWillBeDifferentByWilliamHanageOmicronisreallygoodatinfectingpeopleanddoingitfast.Sofast,infact,thatbythetimeyoureadthis,chancesarethatcaseshavealreadyreachedapeakinyourneighborhood.Omicron’sextraordinaryspreadislikelytohaveimportantconsequencesforthefutureofthepandemic.Byinfectinglargenumbersofpeoplequickly,it’salsogeneratingimmunityquickly.AndthatcountstowardmakingCovid-19amoremanageableillness,sincethelayersofimmunitymayprovideprotectionagainstfuturewavesandvariants.Everyexposure,whethertothevirusoravaccine,reducesthelikelihoodofsevereillnessonsubsequentones.That’sbecauseeachtimeourimmunesystems“see”thespikeproteinsontheoutsideofthecoronavirus,whichisthetargetforallthevaccinesinuse,theygetbetteratrespondingtothem.Infectionsgetlesssevere,onaverage,overtimenotjustbecausethevirusischangingbutalsobecauseourbodiesaregettingbetterathandlingit.NooneshouldconfidentlyassertthatOmicronsignalstheendofthepandemic,butweshouldbeconfidentthatfuturesurgesofinfections,whetherwithOmicronorwhatevervariantcomesnext,willmakefewerofusseriouslyillthantheywouldhavebefore.【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.extraordinary[?k?str??dnri]adj._________________________2.generate[?d?en?re?t]vt._________________________3.exposure[?k?sp????]n._________________________4.severe[s??v??]adj._________________________5.signal[?s?ɡn?l]v._________________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請(qǐng)從文章中找到下面中文相對(duì)應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.通過(guò)很快地做A事，也讓B事很快_________________________2.計(jì)入_________________________3.提供對(duì)某事的防御和保護(hù)_________________________4.某事發(fā)生的可能性_________________________拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解PeoplewithararegeneticdisorderknownasPrader-Willisyndromeneverfeelfull,andthisexcesshungercanleadtolife-threateningobesity(肥胖癥).Scientistsstudyingtheproblemhavenowfoundthatthefist-shapedstructureknownasthecerebellum(小腦)--whichhadnotpreviouslybeenlinkedtohunger--iskeytoregulatingsatiation(飽食)inthosewiththiscondition.Thisfindingisthelatestinaseriesofdiscoveriesrevealingthatthecerebellum,longthoughttobeprimarilyinvolvedinmovementharmony,also

playsabroadroleincognition,emotionandbehavior.“We’veopenedupawholefieldofcerebellarcontroloffoodintake,”saysAlbertChen,aneuroscientistattheScintillonInstituteinCalifornia.Theprojectbeganwithanaccidentalobservation:Chenandhisteamnoticedtheycouldmakemicestopeatingbyactivatingsmallpocketsofneurons(神經(jīng)元)inregionsknownastheanteriordeepcerebellarnuclei(aDCN),withinthecerebellum.Fascinated,theresearchersgathereddatausingfunctionalMRItocomparebrainactivityin14peoplewhohadPrader-Willisyndromewithactivityin14unaffectedpeoplewhileeachtesteeviewedimagesoffood--eitherimmediatelyfollowingamealorafterfasting(禁食)foratleastfourhours.NewanalysisofthesescansrevealedthatactivityinthesameregionsChen’sgrouphadaccuratelypointedoutinmice,theaDCN,appearedtobesignificantlydisturbedinhumanswithPrader-Willisyndrome.Inhealthyindividuals,theaDCNweremoreactiveinresponsetofoodimageswhilefastingthanjustafterameal,butnosuchdifferencewasidentifiableinparticipantswiththedisorder.TheresultsuggestedthattheaDCNwereinvolvedincontrollinghunger.Furtherexperimentsonmice,conductedbyresearchersfromseveraldifferentinstitutions,demonstratedthatactivatingtheanimals’aDCNneuronsdramaticallyreducedfoodintakebyweakeninghowthebrain’spleasurecenterrespondstofood.Foryearsneuroscientistsstudyingappetitefocusedmainlyeitheronthehypothalamus,abrainareainvolvedinregulatingenergybalance,oronreward-processingcenterssuchasthenucleusaccumbens(伏隔核).Butthisgrouphasidentifiedanewfeedingcenterinthebrain,saysElanorHinton,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofBristolinEnglandwhowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy.“I’vebeenworkinginappetiteresearchforthepast15yearsorso,andthecerebellumhasjustnotbeenatarget,”Hintonsays.“IthinkthisisgoingtobeimportantbothforPrader-Willisyndromeand,muchmorewidely,toaddressobesityinthegeneralpopulation.”32.Beforetherecentstudy,scientistshadassumedthatthecerebellum________.A.helpscontroleverydayfoodintakeB.playsaminorroleinmovementharmonyC.hasnothingtodowithappetiteregulationD.hasadirectlinktobehavioraldevelopment33.Accordingtotheprojectconductedbytheresearchers,________.A.thehealthytesteesweremorelikelytoovereatafterfastingB.foodimagesincreasedtheappetiteofthetesteeswithPrader-WillisyndromeC.theaDCNinthehealthytesteesrespondedtofoodimagesmoreactivelyafterfastingD.theaDCNinthetesteeswithPrader-Willisyndromemadenoresponsetofoodimages34.WhatdoesElanorHintonimplyaboutfutureappetiteresearch?A.ItmayhelpintheearlydiagnosisofPrader-Willisyndrome.B.Itwillhavebroaderimplicationsforthetreatmentofobesity.C.Thepotentialfeedingcenterinhumanbrainremainstobediscovered.D.Morestudiesareneededtounderstandthelinkbetweenappetiteandreward-processing.35.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Howourbraincontrolsovereating.B.HowtheaDCNworksupourappetite.C.HowPrader-Willisyndromecanbeprevented.D.Howloweringfoodintakebenefitsouroverallhealth.外刊精選答案【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.extraordinary[?k?str??dnri]adj.意想不到的；非凡的2.generate[?d?en?re?t]vt.產(chǎn)生3.exposure[?k?sp????]n.曝光；接觸4.severe[s??v??]adj.十分嚴(yán)重的，極其惡劣的5.signal[?s?ɡn?l]v.標(biāo)志【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請(qǐng)從文章中找到下面中文相對(duì)