2022屆高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀 癌癥話題 學(xué)案

高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀外刊精選｜醫(yī)學(xué)前沿：癌癥存活率正穩(wěn)步提升此次疫情極大提升了公眾對(duì)醫(yī)療健康話題的關(guān)注。不過除了突發(fā)性的公共衛(wèi)生事件，日常生活中的醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)展也值得我們關(guān)注。例如，最近幾年美國(guó)的癌癥死亡率就有了大幅下降。這樣的進(jìn)步是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的？CancerDeathRateinU.S.SeesSharpestOne-YearDropByKnvulSheikhThecancerdeathrateintheUnitedStatesfell2.2percentfrom2016to2017—thelargestsingle-yeardeclineincancermortalityeverreported,theAmericanCancerSocietyreportedonWednesday.Since1991theratehasdropped29percent,whichtranslatestoapproximately2.9millionfewercancerdeathsthanwouldhaveoccurredifthemortalityratehadremainedconstant.Expertsattributedthedeclinetothereducedsmokingratesandtoadvancesinlungcancertreatment.Newtherapiesformelanomaoftheskinhavealsohelpedextendlifeformanypeoplewithmetastaticdisease,orcancerthathasspreadtootherpartsofthebody.Butnotallpopulationsbenefitfrompreventionandadvancesincancertreatment.Althoughracialdisparitiesincancercarearenarrowing,theAmericanCancerSocietyreportfoundthatblackmenwerestilltwiceaslikelytodieofcancerasAsian/PacificIslandermenand20percentmorelikelytodiethanwhitemen.Ensuringequalaccesstoknowncancerpreventionandearlydetectionmethodswouldgofartoacceleratetheprogressagainstoverallcancer.【詞匯過關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.see[si?]vt._________________________________2.sharp[?ɑ?p]adj._________________________________3.single-yearadj._________________________________4.mortality[m???t?l?ti]n._________________________________5.translate[tr?ns?le?t]vi._________________________________6.therapy[?θer?pi]n._________________________________7.melanoma[?mel??n??m?]n._________________________________8.metastatic[?met??st?t?k]adj._________________________________9.narrow[?n?r??]vi._________________________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請(qǐng)從文章中找到下面中文相對(duì)應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.將某事歸因于某事/某人_________________________________2.種族差異_________________________________3.A是B的兩倍……_________________________________4.比……更加……_________________________________5.平等享有某物_________________________________6.走得很遠(yuǎn)_________________________________拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解ThecancerdeathrateintheU.S.fellbythemostonrecordasadvancesintreatmentsforlungtumors(腫瘤)likevideo-assistedsurgeryhelpedprolongthelivesofpatients.Thedeathratefromcancerhasbeengraduallydecliningfor26years,thanksinlargeparttofewerpeoplesmokingcigarettes.Butfrom2016to2017,themostrecentperiodavailable,itdroppedby2.2%,themosteverinasingleyear,accordingtoareportreleasedWednesdaybytheAmericanCancerSociety.Thatcompareswithanaverage1.5%yearlydeclineoverthedecade.Thedroptranslatestoroughly2.9millionfewercancerdeaths.Forlungcancerspecifically,thedeathratedeclined4.3%annuallyfrom2013to2017."Itisreallylungcancerthatisdrivingthis,"saidRebecca,scientificdirectorofsurveillanceresearchattheAmericanCancerSociety,andleadauthoronthenewstudy."Wefoundincreasesinsurvivalforlungcancerateverystageindiagnosis.”Sheattributedthelowerdeathstoimprovementsintreatments,includingvideo-assistedsurgerythatenablesmorepatientswithearlylungtumorstobecomeeligible(合格的)foroperations;morepreciseradiationtreatment;andbetterscanningtechnologyallowingdoctorstobetterassess(評(píng)估)thestageoftumor,sothepatientgetsthebesttreatmentrightaway.Atlaterstagesofillness,newdrugsthataimatspecificdisease-causinggenesarehelpingpatientswhosetumorshavethosegeneticflaws(缺陷).Overall,lungcancerdeathrateshavedroppedby51%formensincetheirpeakin1990,andby26%forwomensincetheirpeakin2002.Thereport,basedonU.S.governmentdata,isn'tallgoodnews.Prostate(前列腺)cancerdeathrateshaveleveledoffrecentlyafteraperiodofdecline.Thatmaybebecausemanydoctorspulledbackonusingthecontroversialprostate-specificantigen(抗原)test,orPSA,whichcanspotthediseasebutcanleadtoover-treatmentofmenwhomayneverhavediedfromtheirtumors."Thoughitwasdefinitelycausingharm,itwasalsocontributingtodeclinesindeath,"Siegelsaid.What'sneedednowisbetterscreeningteststodetectonlytheprostatecancersthatwillgoontocauseharm.Populationdeathratesareconsideredoneofthemostreliablewaysofmeasuringprogressincancertreatmentandprevention.Bycontrast,cancersurvivalratescansometimesbeinfluencedbyimprovementsindiagnosingtiny,early-stagetumorsthatwouldn'tnecessarilybedeadly.17.Accordingtoparagraph2,______.A.cancerdeathratereacheditspeakin2017B.deathratedecreasesoverthepast2decadesC.2.9millionpeopledieofcancerinAmericaeveryyearD.mostofthecancerpatientsinAmericasufferfromlungcancer18.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.femaledeathrateoflungcancerdropsmorethanthatofmaleB.targeteddrugshaveledtorapidincreaseincancerdeathratesC.betterscanningtechnologywillleadtoimprovementintreatinggeneticflawsD.improperuseofprostate-specificantigen(抗原)testcanleadtoover-treatmentofmen19.Theunderlinedexpression"leveloff”inparagraph4means______.A.remainunchanged B.showupC.takeoff D.becomesharp20.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MedicalProgressProlongingPatients’LivesB.CancerDeathRatesDroppingattheFastestPaceC.SignificantImprovementinTreatingLungCancerD.AdvancedTechnologiesAppliedinCancerTreatment外刊精選答案【詞匯過關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.see[si?]vt.見證2.sharp[?ɑ?p]adj.急劇的3.single-yearadj.單年度的4.mortality[m???t?l?ti]n.死亡率5.translate[tr?ns?le?t]vi.轉(zhuǎn)化；翻譯6.therapy[?θer?pi]n.療法7.melanoma[?m