2023屆遼寧省丹東市高三總復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量測(cè)試（二）英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

丹東市2023屆高三總復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量測(cè)試(二)英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。本試卷分四部分，卷面分?jǐn)?shù)150分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是：C。1.WhatdoesJohnfinddifficultinlearningGerman?A.Pronunciation.B.Vocabulary.C.Grammar.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Brotherandsister.C.Teacherandstudent.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Ataticketoffice.C.Onatrain.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Arestaurant.B.Astreet.C.Adish.5Whatdoesthewomanthinkofherinterview?A.Itwastough.B.Itwasinteresting.C.Itwassuccessful.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘。聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第6、7小題。6.WhenwillJudygotoaparty?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnWednesday.7.WhatwillMaxdonext?A.Flyakite.B.Readamagazine.C.Dohishomework.聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第8至9小題。8.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingatfirst?A.Goingtoaconcert.B.Watchingamovie.C.Playingacomputergame.9.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.VisitMike.B.Goboating.C.Takeawalk.聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第10至12小題。10.Whichcolordocatsseebetterthanhumans?A.Red.B.Green.C.Blue.11.Whydocatsbringdeadbirdshome?A.Toeattheminasafeplace.B.Toshowofftheirhuntingskills.C.Tomaketheirownershappy.12.Howdoesthemansoundattheendoftheconversation?A.Grateful.B.Humorous.C.Curious.聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第13至16小題。13.WhoisMacy?A.Ed’smother.B.Ed’steacher.C.Ed’sfriend.14.HowdoesEdusuallygotokindergarten?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.15.WhatdoesEdenjoydoingatthekindergarten?A.Tellingstories.B.Singingsongs.C.Playingwithothers.16.WhatdotheteacherssayaboutEd?A.He’sclever.B.He’squiet.C.He’sbrave.聽(tīng)下面一段材料，回答第17至20小題。17.AtwhatagedidEmilystartlearningballet?A.Five.B.Six.C.Nine.18.WhydidEmilymovetoToronto?A.Toworkforadanceschool.B.Toperformatadancetheater.C.Tolearncontemporarydance.19.WhydidEmilyquitdancing?A.Shewastoooldtodance.B.Shefailedtogetascholarship.C.Shelostinterestinit.20.HowdoesEmilyfeelaboutstoppingtraining?A.She’spleased.B.She’sregretful.C.She’supset.第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOnlineartclassareoftenanaffordableandconvenientwaytolearnanewskillwithoutcommittingtotheexpenseofartschool.Whilesomeonlinelearningplatformsfocusonaspecifictypeofartlikedrawing,painting,photography,andevensewing,othersletstudentsexploreavarietyofskills.Herewerecommendthebestoverall:NewMastersAcademy.KeySpecsCost:$36to$79permonthClasslength:Varies;1to5+hoursAvailability:OpenregistrationWhyWeChooseItAdvantages:Unlimitedaccesstotheofferingofdrawingandpaintingclasses.Studentscansignupforafree7-daytrial.Communityforumletsstudentscommunicateandlearnfromeachother.Disadvantages:Doesnotincludecoursesforotherskillslikephotography.OverviewCoursesrangefromarttheoryanddrawingtopainting,sculpture,anddigitalart.Classesaredesignedtoartistsofeveryskilllevel,soit’seasytofindlessonsthatwillmatchyourexperienceandneeds.Beginner-friendlylessonsincludecolormixing,anintroductiontolandscapepainting,andtwo-hourwater-colorpaintingclasses.TheLibraryPlancosts$49foramonth-to-monthmembershipor$36permonthwhenbilledannually.Membershipincludesunlimitedstreamingaccesstomorethan2,500hoursofinstructionalvideostaughtbytruemasters.Alternatively,ambitiousartistscanjointheLibrary+planfor$79foramonth-to-monthmembershipor$59permonthwhenbilledannually.Inadditiontostandardfeatures,Library+membersgetaccesstoanextensivelibraryofreferenceimagestosupportdailypracticeandmakeiteasytofindinspiration.1.WhichskillistaughtinNewMastersAcademy?A.Sewing. B.Photography. C.Colormixing. D.Dancing.2.WhatdoweknowaboutNewMastersAcademy?AItprovidesstudentswitha5daystrialforfree.B.Itcanmeettheneedsofartistsatdifferentlevels.C.Itallowsstudentstoattendalltheclassesunlimitedly.D.Itbuildsanofflinecommunicationplatformforstudents.3.HowmuchshouldamompayatleastifhertwinsonsjointheLibraryPlanyearly?A.$72. B.$98. C.$864. D.$1176.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)藝術(shù)培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)：新大師學(xué)院，包括其特色，優(yōu)勢(shì)，以及收費(fèi)細(xì)節(jié)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Overall”部分內(nèi)容“Beginner-friendlylessonsincludecolormixing,anintroductiontolandscapepainting,andtwo-hourwater-colorpaintingclasses.(適合初學(xué)者的課程包括調(diào)色、風(fēng)景畫入門和兩小時(shí)的水彩畫課程。)”可知，初學(xué)者可以在這里學(xué)到調(diào)色技巧。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Overall”部分內(nèi)容“Classesaredesignedtoartistsofeveryskilllevel(課程是為各種技能水平的藝術(shù)家設(shè)計(jì)的)”可知，這里的課程適合不同水平的藝術(shù)家。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干“HowmuchshouldamompayatleastifhertwinsonsjointheLibraryPlanyearly?(如果她的雙胞胎兒子每年加入圖書館計(jì)劃，一個(gè)母親至少應(yīng)該付多少錢？)”定位到文章“Overall”部分第二段內(nèi)容“TheLibraryPlancosts$49foramonth-to-monthmembershipor$36permonthwhenbilledannually.(圖書館計(jì)劃按月收費(fèi)49美元，按年交費(fèi)則為每月36美元。)”可知，這位媽媽可以選擇按年交費(fèi)形式，即，每月36美元，2個(gè)孩子，“36*12*2=864”，因此，她至少應(yīng)付864美元。故選C項(xiàng)。BTheSydneytoMelbourneUltramarathon,anenduranceraceof875km,wasconsideredthetoughestintheworld.Itusedtobeafive-dayrace,withonlytheworld-classathletesdaringtoattemptit.Mostathleteswhotookpartinthisultramarathonwereunder30yearsofage.CliffwasafarmerfromAustraliawithadreamofrunningarace.Whenheattendedtherace,hewas61yearsold.Hehadnospecializedsportswear.Instead,heworegaloshesoveralls.Whenheappearedatthevenue,theonlookersthoughthewasprobablyaspectator.Totheirsurprise,Cliffpickeduparacenumber.Havinggrownuponafarm,Cliffhadtogoouttoroundupthesheepeverytimetherewasastorm,becausehisfamilycouldnotaffordhorsesortractors.Twothousandsheepscatteredacrosstwothousandacresofland—ittookhimaslongasthreedaysofchasingtheanimals,buthealwayssucceeded.Theracebegan,andthestrongandyoungracersstartedleavingCliffbehind.Theracershadastrategy.Theywouldberunninghourseachforthefivedaysoftherace,andsleepfortheremaining6hours.Nonetheless,Cliffhadnosuchstrategy!Beinganamateurathlete,hewasnotfamiliarwithanysuchgameplan.So,hejustranonandon,andthenextmorning,whentheotherathleteswokeup,theyfoundthattheoldmanhadcaughtupwiththeothersbyjoggingallnight.Bythefinalnightoftherace,hehadsurpassedtheothercompetitorsandbecamethechampion.ThenexttimeCliffcaughtattentionagainwhenhewas76.HetookupthechallengeofrunningalongAustralia’sborder,acrossadistanceof16,000kmwiththeaimofraisingmoneyforhomelesschildren.Unfortunately,hiscrewmemberfellill,andCliffhadtowithdrawfromtherace,afterrunningfor6520km.Cliff,asimplefarmer,createdaone-of-a-kindhistory.Insteadofwitheringaway,hestartedhisnewlife,andshowedtheworldthatit’snevertoolatetostartfollowingtheheartandpursuingdreams.4.Whytheageoftheathletesismentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplaintheruleoftherace. B.Tointroducetheleveloftherace.C.Toshowthepopularityoftherace. D.Tostressthetoughnessoftherace.5.WhatcontributedtoCliff’ssuccess?A.Hishardtraining. B.Hisadvancedsportswear.C.Hisworkingexperience. D.Hiswell-designedstrategy.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCliff?A.Intelligentandgenerous. B.Perseveringandsympathetic.C.Ambitiousandoptimistic. D.Determinedandinsightful.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Cliff,thewinnerofmanyrunningracesB.Cliff,aseniorfarmerpursuinghisdreamC.Cliff,akindcharitariankeenonraisingmoneyD.Cliff,asimpleMelbourneultramarathonrunner【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)追求夢(mèng)想的老農(nóng)民Cliff，61歲時(shí)參加超級(jí)馬拉松比賽，獲得冠軍的故事。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“TheSydneytoMelbourneUltramarathon,anenduranceraceof875km,wasconsideredthetoughestintheworld.(悉尼到墨爾本的超級(jí)馬拉松是一場(chǎng)875公里的耐力賽，被認(rèn)為是世界上最艱難的比賽。)”以及“Mostathleteswhotookpartinthisultramarathonwereunder30yearsofage.(參加這次超級(jí)馬拉松比賽的大多數(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員都在30歲以下。)”可知，本段提到了運(yùn)動(dòng)員的年齡為了強(qiáng)調(diào)比賽的艱苦。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Havinggrownuponafarm,Cliffhadtogoouttoroundupthesheepeverytimetherewasastorm,becausehisfamilycouldnotaffordhorsesortractors.Twothousandsheepscatteredacrosstwothousandacresofland—ittookhimaslongasthreedaysofchasingtheanimals,buthealwayssucceeded.(Cliff在農(nóng)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)大，每次有暴風(fēng)雨的時(shí)候，他都要出去趕羊群，因?yàn)樗屹I不起馬或拖拉機(jī)。2000只羊分散在2000英畝的土地上，他花了三天的時(shí)間追趕這些動(dòng)物，但他總是成功的。)”可知，是Cliff的工作經(jīng)歷促成了他的成功。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“HetookupthechallengeofrunningalongAustralia’sborder,acrossadistanceof16,000kmwiththeaimofraisingmoneyforhomelesschildren.Unfortunately,hiscrewmemberfellill,andCliffhadtowithdrawfromtherace,afterrunningfor6520km.(他接受了挑戰(zhàn)，沿著澳大利亞邊境跑了1.6萬(wàn)公里，目的是為無(wú)家可歸的孩子們籌集資金。不幸的是，他的隊(duì)友生病了，Cliff不得不在跑了6520公里后退出比賽。)”可知，Cliff堅(jiān)持不懈并富有同情心。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)最后一段中“Cliff,asimplefarmer,createdaone-of-a-kindhistory.Insteadofwitheringaway,hestartedhisnewlife,andshowedtheworldthatit’snevertoolatetostartfollowingtheheartandpursuingdreams.(Cliff，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的農(nóng)民，創(chuàng)造了獨(dú)一無(wú)二的歷史。他沒(méi)有枯萎凋零，而是開(kāi)始了他的新生活，并向世界表明，跟隨內(nèi)心，追求夢(mèng)想永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚。)”可知，本文主要介紹了一個(gè)追求夢(mèng)想的老農(nóng)民Cliff，61歲時(shí)參加超級(jí)馬拉松比賽，獲得冠軍的故事。選項(xiàng)B“Cliff，一個(gè)追求夢(mèng)想的老農(nóng)民”符合主題。故選B項(xiàng)。COxfordDictionaries’wordoftheyearfor2022was“goblinmode”:Atypeofbehavior,whichislazy,messy,orgreedy,typicallyinawaythatrejectssocialnormsorexpectations.Ifweallgotusedtomakingourhomecomfortableandbeautiful,itfeelslikelastyearwastheyearwegaveup:Embracingthemessandthechaosthatcomeswithnormallife.Infact,organizedmesshasbeenontheriseforawhile,withthearrivaloftheterm“cluttercore”,theartofhavingmassesofstuffinyourhomeandembracingcolorandnoise.Thinkmessymaximalism:Chaos,butlovinglydisplayedchaos.Cleanspacesdon’tlendthemselvestoinnovation,whichiswhysomanygeniusesdotheirworkinclutteredstudiosandchaoticoffices.Theydon’tseethemess—theyseepossibility.Everknownthetypeofpersontostorecrayonsinthemicrowaveandbooksinthelaundrybin?That’sprobablybecausetheythriveondisorder.Thatkindofmesscreatestheconnectionsthatbringthemtotheirnextgreatidea.Theyneedtheirenvironmenttoclash—messesoffernewwaysofseeingtheworld.Sodon’tworrythatyourhouseistoomessy;itjustmightsparkyournextgeniusinvention.Messypeoplehavetheirownuniquewaysofkeepingorganized.Youwouldn’tknowfromlookingattheirpilesofclutter,buttheyknowexactlywhat’sinthem—andhowtofindwhatthey’relookingforintime.Thoughtheylookmessytoyou,there’sadefinitemethodtothemadness.Thesepilesare,infact,hyper-organizedandeverythingiseasytoaccess.Somechefsthriveinworkspacesclutteredwithingredientsattheready.Improvisation(即興創(chuàng)作)incooking—alittleofthis,alittleofthat—worksbestinamessykitchen.Painters,writers,scientistsandinventorsthroughouthistoryhaveoftenworkedindisorder.Theyaren’tmerelylazy,buttheyhavetheirownwayofdealingwithclutter.Theyknowexactlywhereeverythingisandthat’sjustthewaytheylikeit.8.Whatdoesthewritersuggestinthefirstparagraph?A.Learningthewordfortheyear2022. B.Rejectingsocialnormsorexpectations.C.Beingopentoalifeofmessandchaos. D.Makinghomescomfortableandbeautiful.9.Whatdoweknowaboutorganizedmess?A.Itisanartofarrangingourhomesinorder. B.Itisanothertypeofchaoslovinglydisplayed.C.Itenjoysgreaterpopularitythancluttercore. D.Ithelpsmakeourlifefullofcolorandnoise.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“possibility”inParagraph3referto?A.Thepotentialofbeingagenius. B.Theriskofbecomingamessyperson.C.Thechanceofgettinggreatinspiration. D.Thedangerofcausingakitchenaccident.11.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsthoseexamplesinthelastparagraph?A.Acook,whohardlyrememberswherethevinegaris.B.Aprofessor,whoalwaysforgetswhentohaveaclass.C.Amusician,whoclearlyknowswheretofindhisdrafts.D.Aclerk,whooftenwonderswhichpapersareimportant.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章談?wù)摿嘶靵y有利于創(chuàng)新，建議人們對(duì)混亂的生活應(yīng)持開(kāi)放態(tài)度?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ifweallgotusedtomakingourhomecomfortableandbeautiful,itfeelslikelastyearwastheyearwegaveup:Embracingthemessandthechaosthatcomeswithnormallife.(如果我們都習(xí)慣了把我們家布置得舒適漂亮，那么去年似乎是我們放棄的一年：擁抱正常生活帶來(lái)的混亂和雜亂無(wú)章。)”可知，在第一段作者建議對(duì)混亂的生活應(yīng)持開(kāi)放態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Infact,organizedmesshasbeenontheriseforawhile,withthearrivaloftheterm‘cluttercore’,theartofhavingmassesofstuffinyourhomeandembracingcolorandnoise.Thinkmessymaximalism:Chaos,butlovinglydisplayedchaos.(事實(shí)上，隨著“雜亂核心”一詞的出現(xiàn)，有組織的混亂已經(jīng)興起一段時(shí)間了，“雜亂核心”指的是你家里有一大堆東西，擁抱色彩和噪音的藝術(shù)。想想凌亂的極簡(jiǎn)主義:混亂，但被精心展示的混亂。)”可知，有組織的混亂是另一種充滿愛(ài)意的混亂。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句前文“Cleanspacesdon’tlendthemselvestoinnovation,whichiswhysomanygeniusesdotheirworkinclutteredstudiosandchaoticoffices.(整潔的空間不利于創(chuàng)新，這就是為什么那么多天才在雜亂的工作室和混亂的辦公室里工作。)”說(shuō)明混亂有利于創(chuàng)新，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“Theydon’tseethemess—theyseepossibility.(他們看不到混亂——他們看到了possibility。)”其中劃線詞匯指的是“獲得創(chuàng)新靈感的機(jī)會(huì)”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Painters,writers,scientistsandinventorsthroughouthistoryhaveoftenworkedindisorder.Theyaren’tmerelylazy,buttheyhavetheirownwayofdealingwithclutter.Theyknowexactlywhereeverythingisandthat’sjustthewaytheylikeit.(縱觀歷史，畫家、作家、科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家經(jīng)常無(wú)序地工作。他們不只是懶惰，而且他們有自己處理雜亂的方法。他們知道所有東西的確切位置，這正是他們喜歡的方式。)”可以推知，一個(gè)音樂(lè)家，他清楚地知道在哪里找到他的草稿，是解釋這種現(xiàn)象的最好的例子。故選C項(xiàng)。DExtremeheatoftenbringsextremewildfires,andthisyearisnoexception,withunprecedentedheatwavesfuelingenormousoutbreaksoffiresinthewesternUnitedStatesandCanada,aswellasacrosstheMediterraneanandinSiberia.Butparadoxically,themostintensewildfirescanhavetheoppositeeffectontemperatures,coolingEarth’ssurfacebothregionallyandglobally.Thickwildfiresmokecantemporarilyblocksunlightneartheground,causingregionaltemperaturestodropbyseveraldegrees.Wildfiresmokecanalsohaveglobalcoolingeffectsbymakingcloudsintheloweratmospheremorereflectiveorblockingsunlightintheupperatmosphere,similartowhatavolcaniceruptiondoes.Theeffectisfartoosmalltocounteracthuman-causedglobalwarming;researcherssayit’stooearlytopredictwhatitmeansforthebroaderclimatesystem.ButwithfireseasonsgrowingmoreintensearoundtheworldandtriggeringarangeofextremefireweatherinNorthAmericaandelsewhere,thesearchforanswersisgrowingincreasinglyurgent.Smokeparticlesactasseedsforwatervaportoformcloudsthataresmallerandreflectmoresunlight.Whilesmoketendstorainoutofcloudsfairlyquickly,theAustralianbushfiresragedformonths,pumpingmoreandmorecloud-brighteningsmokeintotheatmosphere.“It’snotabigeffect,butwhenyouintegrateovertheentireSouthernOcean,itaddsup,”oneoftheresearcherssays.Whilethisresearchhighlightsthecoolingeffectsofsmokeintheloweratmosphere,onoccasion,wildfiresmokecanreachevenhigheraltitudesintothestratosphere,thelayerthatstartsabout10milesup.There,itcanhaveadditionaleffectsontheclimate.Smokereachesthestratospherewhenheatfromapowerfulwildfirecreatesanupdraftthatcombineswithmoistureintheatmospheretogeneratetoweringthunderclouds.However,scientistshaveonlyrecentlybegunstudyingtheseeffects.“Wemightstillbeintheinfancyofunderstandinghowlargeandhowimportanttheeffectsofthesewildfiresare,”scientistssay.12.Whatprobablycausesextremewildfirestocooltheearthglobally?A.Extremewildfirescanresultinvolcaniceruption.B.Wildfiresmokecoverssunlightabovethegroundforever.C.Thesmokeblockslesssunlightinthehigheratmosphere.D.Thecloudsintheloweratmospherereflectmoresunlight.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“raged”probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Spread. B.Stopped. C.Released. D.Strengthened.14.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Scientistsneedfurtherstudiesoftheeffectsofwildfires.B.Extremewildfiresaretheconsequenceofglobalwarming.C.Wildfiresmokemeansalottotheclimatesystemoftheearth.D.Smokeathigheraltitudeshasthemostimpactoncoolingearth.15.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencefiction. B.Aresearchreport.C.Ageographytextbook. D.Asciencemagazine.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了野火所產(chǎn)生的煙霧可以通過(guò)使低層大氣中的云層更具反射性或阻擋高層大氣中的陽(yáng)光來(lái)產(chǎn)生全球冷卻效應(yīng)，雖然這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了低層大氣中煙霧的冷卻作用，但有時(shí)，野火煙霧可以到達(dá)更高的高度進(jìn)入平流層。在那里，它會(huì)對(duì)氣候產(chǎn)生額外的影響。然而，科學(xué)家們對(duì)野火的影響還處于初級(jí)階段，研究還需要進(jìn)一步深入?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段末句“Wildfiresmokecanalsohaveglobalcoolingeffectsbymakingcloudsintheloweratmospheremorereflectiveorblockingsunlightintheupperatmosphere,similartowhatavolcaniceruptiondoes.(野火煙霧還可以通過(guò)使低層大氣中的云層更具反射性或阻擋高層大氣中的陽(yáng)光來(lái)產(chǎn)生全球冷卻效應(yīng)，類似于火山噴發(fā)的作用。)”可知，野火煙霧形成低層大氣中的云層，從而反射更多的陽(yáng)光，從而使全球地球降溫。故選D?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Whilesmoketendstorainoutofcloudsfairlyquickly,theAustralianbushfiresragedformonths,pumpingmoreandmorecloud-brighteningsmokeintotheatmosphere.(雖然煙霧往往很快就會(huì)從云層中飄出，但澳大利亞的森林大火了幾個(gè)月，向大氣中排放了越來(lái)越多的煙霧。)”可知，越來(lái)越多的煙霧進(jìn)入到大氣層，說(shuō)明森林大火燒了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。再結(jié)合常識(shí)，火勢(shì)是蔓延著前行。故可推知，劃線詞應(yīng)為“蔓延”詞義。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段末句“However,scientistshaveonlyrecentlybegunstudyingtheseeffects.“Wemightstillbeintheinfancyofunderstandinghowlargeandhowimportanttheeffectsofthesewildfiresare,”scientistssay.(然而，科學(xué)家們直到最近才開(kāi)始研究這些影響?？茖W(xué)家們說(shuō)：“我們可能還處于了解這些野火的影響有多大和多重要的初級(jí)階段。”)”可知，科學(xué)家們對(duì)野火的影響還處于初級(jí)階段，研究還需要進(jìn)一步深入。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段首句“However,scientistshaveonlyrecentlybegunstudyingtheseeffects.(然而，科學(xué)家們直到最近才開(kāi)始研究這些影響。)”以及全篇分析可知，本文可能摘自科學(xué)雜志。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。“Thepeachtreebeamssored.Howbrilliantareitsflowers.Themaiden’sgettingwed.Goodforthenuptialbowers.”Thisisaverse(詩(shī)句)inShijing,theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry,describingayoungwomangettingmarriedinacheerfulspring.___16___.PeachblossomisasignificantelementinChinesecultureasitisasymbolofloveandwell-being,aswellasasignofspringandvitality.___17___.Accordingtoarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)fromZhejiangProvincialInstituteofCulturalRelicsandArchaeology,theancientChineseinthelowerreachesofYangtzeRiveralreadyknewhowtocultivatepeaches7,500yearsago.Untiltoday,thedeciduoustreehasearneditsplaceinagriculture,literatureandhorticulture.Fromsouthtonorth,manycities,regionsandgardensholdtheirownpeachblossomfestivalseveryspring.___18___.NyingchipeachblossomfestivalinsouthwestChina’sTibetAutonomousRegionisoneofthemostpopularevents.Unlikethecultivatedspeciesingardens,thepeachtreeshereareawildspeciescalledPrunusmira,orTibetanpeach.___19___.Thealtitudethereisaround2000-3400metersabovesealevel,hencetheyaremorecold-resistantandalsotaller.Floweringisnotjustaboutplantsthemselves.It’salsoabouthowpeopleapproachtheirlives.___20___.Insomeplaces,appreciatingtheluxuriantburstsofflowershasbeenturnedintoatouristhotspotandthusaneconomicdrive.A.PeachesoriginateinChinaB.ThespeciescanbefoundinthevalleysorhillsC.Chinesepeopleoftensay“tohavepeachblossomluck”D.Today,watchingflowershasbecomeapopularoutdooractivityacrossChinaE.ThelovelyflowersonthepeachtreeareproducedinearlyspringbeforetheleavesF.Theyattractmanypeopletoenjoytheeye-catchingpeachflowersandboostlocaltourismG.Sincethen,peachblossomhasbeenassociatedwiththebeautyandromanceofyounggirls【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了桃花在中國(guó)文化里的重要意義，自《詩(shī)經(jīng)》開(kāi)始就用來(lái)形容美麗年輕的女孩，而原產(chǎn)于中國(guó)的桃樹(shù)和桃花除了帶來(lái)浪漫的詩(shī)意，還有各地的繁花似錦的桃花節(jié)，也帶動(dòng)了旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Thepeachtreebeamssored.Howbrilliantareitsflowers.Themaiden’sgettingwed.Goodforthenuptialbowers.(桃之夭夭，灼灼其華。之子于歸，宜其室家。)”引用《詩(shī)經(jīng)》里《桃夭》講述了桃花在中國(guó)文化里的淵源，由此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)呼應(yīng)主題，進(jìn)一步解釋總結(jié)桃花在中國(guó)文化里的意義。選項(xiàng)G“Sincethen,peachblossomhasbeenassociatedwiththebeautyandromanceofyounggirls(從那時(shí)起，桃花就與年輕女孩的美麗和浪漫聯(lián)系在一起)”符合分析。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】設(shè)空為該段的主旨句，結(jié)合后文“AccordingtoarchaeologistsfromZhejiangProvincialInstituteofCulturalRelicsandArchaeology,theancientChineseinthelowerreachesofYangtzeRiveralreadyknewhowtocultivatepeaches7,500yearsago.(據(jù)浙江省文物考古研究所的考古學(xué)家介紹，7500年前，長(zhǎng)江下游的中國(guó)人就已經(jīng)知道如何種植桃子了。)”講述了桃子的起源，由此可推知，該段的主旨是桃樹(shù)起源于中國(guó)。選項(xiàng)A“PeachesoriginateinChina(桃子原產(chǎn)于中國(guó))”符合分析。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Fromsouthtonorth,manycities,regionsandgardensholdtheirownpeachblossomfestivalseveryspring.(從南到北，許多城市、地區(qū)和花園每年春天都會(huì)舉辦自己的桃花節(jié)。)”提及的該段的主題“桃花節(jié)”，由此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)呼應(yīng)主題“桃花節(jié)”以及其意義。選項(xiàng)F“Theyattractmanypeopletoenjoytheeye-catchingpeachflowersandboostlocaltourism(它們吸引了許多人來(lái)欣賞引人注目的桃花，并促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)氐穆糜螛I(yè))”中主語(yǔ)“They”呼應(yīng)前文的“桃花節(jié)”，講述了其經(jīng)濟(jì)意義，符合分析。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Unlikethecultivatedspeciesingardens,thepeachtreeshereareawildspeciescalledPrunusmira,orTibetanpeach.(與花園里栽培的桃樹(shù)不同，這里的桃樹(shù)是一種野生品種，叫做Prunusmira，或者叫藏桃。)”以及后文“Thealtitudethereisaround2000-3400metersabovesealevel,hencetheyaremorecold-resistantandalsotaller.(海拔在2000-3400米左右，因此它們更耐寒，也更高。)”可知，前后句的話題都是“藏桃”，因此可推知，設(shè)空句應(yīng)與該話題有關(guān)，承接前文講述該品種與其他品種的不同之處。選項(xiàng)B“Thespeciescanbefoundinthevalleysorhills(這個(gè)品種可以在山谷或山上找到)”中“Thespecies”呼應(yīng)話題，講述了其生長(zhǎng)地，與前后文在句意邏輯上銜接緊密，符合分析。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“It’salsoabouthowpeopleapproachtheirlives.(這也關(guān)系到人們?nèi)绾螌?duì)待自己的生活。)”講述了花對(duì)于人的重要意義，由此可推知，設(shè)空句緊跟其后講述該重要意義的具體表現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)D“Today,watchingflowershasbecomeapopularoutdooractivityacrossChina(如今，賞花已成為一項(xiàng)風(fēng)靡中國(guó)的戶外活動(dòng))”講到了具體表現(xiàn)“出門賞花”，且在邏輯上與后文“appreciatingtheluxuriantburstsofflowers(欣賞繁花似錦)”銜接緊密。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)?！癐justdidwhatIshoulddo.”DingHui,afemaleChinese___21___studentwhowontheheartsofnetizensaftera___22___ofherperformingCPR(心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù))onan___23___strangerwentviralonline,reactedtotheoverwhelmingsupportonsocialmedia___24___inaninterviewwithXinhuanet.ThecollegesophomoreatJinzhouMedicalUniversitywaswaitingforher___25___homeattheJinzhouSouthRailwayStationinnortheasternChina’sLiaoningProvince,whenan81-year-oldman___26___ontheplatformshortlyafterhe___27___thetrain.Sherushedtothe___28___oftheelderlymanwhensheheardabouttheincidentandperformedCPRonhim,whichhelpedthemangraduallyregain___29___.Shealsostayedwiththemanatthescene,untilmedicsarrived,eventhoughitmeantshehadtomisshertrainheadinghome.Tothankher,thesonoftheelderlyman___30___togiveher2,000Yuan(About300USDollar),butDing___31___.“Ifitweren’tforher,mydadwouldhavebeen___32___.Shewouldn’tacceptthemoneyandwouldn’tleaveher___33___.Weonlyfoundheragainwhenthevideowaspostedonline.”Thesonsaid.Thevideoofthegirl’scourageousactofkindnesswaspostedonCCTVNewsand___34___bynearly4,000netizensandcommentedonbyover5,900peopleonWeibo.Peopleare___35___theirsupportinforthemedicalstudent’scourageforstandingupforastranger’slife,applaudingthatthegirlnotonlyisbeautifulbutkind.21.A.biological B.physical C.medical D.chemical22.A.video B.poster C.picture D.painting23.A.aged B.unripe C.adolescent D.innocent24.A.obviously B.proudly C.humorously D.humbly25.A.flight B.subway C.train D.coach26.A.collapsed B.posed C.cheered D.trembled27.A.steppedonto B.gotoff C.raninto D.waitedfor28.A.defence B.aid C.hotel D.hospital29.A.strength B.courage C.confidence D.consciousness30.A.refused B.hesitated C.offered D.managed31.A.accepted B.agreed C.complained D.declined32.A.gone B.upset C.ill D.well33.A.money B.name C.purse D.ticket34.A.written B.deleted C.collected D.shared35.A.moving B.taking C.pouring D.absorbing【答案】21.C22.A23.A24.D25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.C31.D32.A33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了一位要坐火車的醫(yī)學(xué)生女孩在站臺(tái)救助了一位年長(zhǎng)者的善良故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：丁慧，一名中國(guó)女醫(yī)科學(xué)生，在為一位年長(zhǎng)的陌生人做心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)的視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳后贏得了網(wǎng)民的心，在接受新華網(wǎng)采訪時(shí)，她謙遜地回應(yīng)了社交媒體上的壓倒性支持。A.biological生物的；B.physical身體的；C.medical醫(yī)學(xué)的；D.chemical化學(xué)的。根據(jù)空后“herperformingCPR”可知，她是一名醫(yī)學(xué)生。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：丁慧，一名中國(guó)女醫(yī)科學(xué)生，在為一位年長(zhǎng)的陌生人做心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)的視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳后贏得了網(wǎng)民的心，在接受新華網(wǎng)采訪時(shí)，她謙遜地回應(yīng)了社交媒體上的壓倒性支持。A.video視頻；B.poster海報(bào)；C.picture照片；D.painting繪畫作品。根據(jù)本句“wentviralonline”可知，在網(wǎng)上走紅，說(shuō)明視頻被上傳。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：丁慧，一名中國(guó)女醫(yī)科學(xué)生，在為一位年長(zhǎng)的陌生人做心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)的視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳后贏得了網(wǎng)民的心，在接受新華網(wǎng)采訪時(shí)，她謙遜地回應(yīng)了社交媒體上的壓倒性支持。A.aged年長(zhǎng)的；B.unripe未成熟的；C.adolescent青春期的；D.innocent天真的。根據(jù)后文““Ifitweren’tforher,mydadwouldhavebeen12.”可知，是爸爸身份，應(yīng)為年長(zhǎng)者。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：丁慧，一名中國(guó)女醫(yī)科學(xué)生，在為一位年長(zhǎng)的陌生人做心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)的視頻在網(wǎng)上瘋傳后贏得了網(wǎng)民的心，在接受新華網(wǎng)采訪時(shí)，她謙遜地回應(yīng)了社交媒體上的壓倒性支持。A.obviously明顯地；B.proudly驕傲地；C.humorously幽默地；D.humbly謙遜地；根據(jù)前文““IjustdidwhatIshoulddo.””可知，女孩說(shuō)話謙遜。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位來(lái)自錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)的大二學(xué)生在中國(guó)東北遼寧省錦州南站等火車回家時(shí)，一名81歲的男子下車后不久就倒在了站臺(tái)上。A.flight航班；B.subway地鐵；C.train火車；D.coach教練。根據(jù)本句“thetrain”可知，故事發(fā)生在火車站。故選C。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位來(lái)自錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)的大二學(xué)生在中國(guó)東北遼寧省錦州南站等火車回家時(shí)，一名81歲的男子下車后不久就倒在了站臺(tái)上。A.collapsed倒塌，昏倒；B.posed擺姿勢(shì)；C.cheered歡呼；D.trembled顫抖。根據(jù)前文“herperformingCPR”可知，女孩對(duì)他做了心肺復(fù)蘇，所以他應(yīng)是昏倒了。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這位來(lái)自錦州醫(yī)科大學(xué)的大二學(xué)生在中國(guó)東北遼寧省錦州南站等火車回家時(shí)，一名81歲的男子下車后不久就倒在了站臺(tái)上。A.steppedonto登上；B.gotoff下車；C.raninto撞上；D.waitedfor等待。根據(jù)本句“ThecollegesophomoreatJinzhouMedicalUniversitywaswaitingforher5home”以及“ontheplatform”可知，是女孩要上火車，而這位年長(zhǎng)者是下了火車昏倒在站臺(tái)。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她聽(tīng)說(shuō)這件事后，她沖過(guò)去幫助老人，并對(duì)他進(jìn)行了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)，幫助老人逐漸恢復(fù)了意識(shí)。A.defence防御；B.aid幫助；C.hotel賓館；D.hospital醫(yī)院。根據(jù)本句“performedCPRonhim”可知，女孩幫助他。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她聽(tīng)說(shuō)這件事后，她沖過(guò)去幫助老人，并對(duì)他進(jìn)行了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)，幫助老人逐漸恢復(fù)了意識(shí)。A.strength力量；B.courage勇氣；C.confidence自信；D.consciousness意識(shí)。根據(jù)本句“performedCPRonhim”可知，女孩對(duì)他進(jìn)行了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)，使他恢復(fù)了意識(shí)。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了感謝她，老人的兒子提出給她2000元(約300美元)，但丁女士拒絕了。A.refused拒絕；B.hesitated猶豫；C.offered給予；D.managed設(shè)法。根據(jù)本句“togiveher2,000Yuan”可知，年長(zhǎng)者要表示感謝。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：為了感謝她，老人的兒子提出給她2000元(約300美元)，但丁女士拒絕了。A.accepted接受；B.agreed同意；C.complained抱怨；D.declined拒絕。根據(jù)本句的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”可知，女孩拒絕了。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果不是因?yàn)樗野职衷缇腿ナ懒?。A.gone死