《水處理技術（雙語）》課件-廢水處理單元

Wastewatertreatmentunits廢水處理單元概述Overview廢水處理Wastewatertreatment監(jiān)控、控制與優(yōu)化操作Monitoring,controlandoptimisationofoperations水和廢水處理廠的能源優(yōu)化Energyoptimisationforwaterandwastewatertreatmentplants概述Overview廢水處理Wastewatertreatment01本系統(tǒng)可用于展示廢水處理的過程原理Thissystemcanbeusedtodemonstratetheprocessprinciplesofwastewatertreatment02重點圍繞沉降、生物處理和污泥回流Focusedaroundsedimentation,biologicaltreatmentandsludgereturn圖為廢水處理的過程原理Thediagramshowstheprocessprincipleofwastewatertreatment概述Overview能源優(yōu)化Energyoptimisation圖為水和廢水處理有關過程Thepictureshowstheprocessesinvolvedinwaterandwastewatertreatment圖為曝氣生物濾池工藝技術Thepictureshowstheaeration

biofilterprocesstechnology

本系統(tǒng)展示了與水和廢水處理有關的過程和措施，特別是曝氣。Thissystemdemonstratestheprocessesandmeasuresassociatedwithwaterandwastewatertreatment,withaspecialfocusonaeration.概述Overview圖為某廢水處理廠Thepictureshowsawastewatertreatmentplant收集家庭、商業(yè)建筑物和工業(yè)設施所產(chǎn)生的廢水，并通過眾多的管道，即收集系統(tǒng)，運輸至廢水處理廠。廢水處理廠去除廢水中的有機物、有害生物和污染物，然后排放到溪流、河流或湖泊中。Wastewaterfromhouseholds,commercialbuildingsandindustrialfacilitiesiscollectedandtransportedthroughnumerouspipes,knownascollectionsystems,toawastewatertreatmentplant.Wastewatertreatmentplantsremoveorganicmatter,harmfulorganismsandpollutantsfromthewastewaterbeforeitisdischargedintostreams,riversorlakes.圖為某廢水處理廠凈水過程Thepictureshowsthewaterpurificationprocessatawastewatertreatmentplant氮Nitrogen二氧化碳Carbondioxide概述Overview由于存在各種細菌和水藻等某些微生物，水體具有自我自凈的能力，可將分解廢水中的有機化合物，將其分解并轉變成二氧化碳、氮等可吸附部分無機物的簡單物質。Duetothepresenceofcertainmicro-organismssuchasvariousbacteriaandalgae,waterbodieshavetheabilitytoself-purify,breakingdownorganiccompoundsinwastewater,breakingthemdownandconvertingthemintosimplesubstancessuchascarbondioxideandnitrogenthatcanadsorbsomeinorganicsubstances.如果微生物有足夠的時間來分解有機物并將其保持在一定濃度范圍內(nèi)，則水體的自我凈化過程可代替該過程。一旦排放量和濃度上升時，就必須對其進行處理。Ifthemicro-organismshaveenoughtimetobreakdowntheorganicmatterandkeepitwithinacertainconcentrationrange,thewaterbody'sself-purificationprocesscanreplacethisprocess.Oncethedischargeandconcentrationhaveincreased,theymustbetreated.有機化合物Organiccompounds概述Overview在這種情況下，水中細菌滋生，從而導致氧氣需求量也隨之上升。Undertheseconditions,bacteriagrowinthewater,whichleadstoanincreaseinthedemandforoxygen.廢水處理可通過優(yōu)化細菌分解的條件從而加速分解。Wastewatertreatmentcanacceleratedecompositionby

optimisingtheconditionsforbacterialbreakdown.如果廢水處理廠在布局上兼顧高效和經(jīng)濟的特性，則需要根據(jù)流率、原廢水的組成和有機負荷，處理后水的最終用途、經(jīng)濟可行性、安裝所需的廠區(qū)占地面積以及溫度和降雨量等氣候類型等因素，謹慎進行設計。Ifthewastewatertreatmentplantistobelaidoutwithabalanceofefficientandeconomiccharacteristics,itneedstobedesignedcarefully,takingintoaccountfactorssuchasflowrate,compositionandorganicloadingoftherawwastewater,theenduseofthetreatedwater,economicviability,theplantfootprintrequiredforinstallationandthetypeofclimatesuchastemperatureandrainfall.因此，廢水處理過程選擇以及廢水處理廠類型視具體情況而定。

Thechoiceofwastewatertreatmentprocessandthetypeofwastewatertreatmentplantthereforedependsontheindividualcase.圖為污水處理流程圖Thediagramshowstheflowofsewagetreatment廢水處理過程選擇處理后水的最終用途經(jīng)濟可行性安裝所需的廠區(qū)占地面積溫度降雨量有機負荷Organicload流率Flowrate原廢水的組成Compositionofrawwastewater廢水處理單元功能

Wastewatertreatmentunitfunctions工作單元構建了活性污泥法污水處理的物理功能。Theworkingunitbuildsthephysicalfunctionsofactivatedsludgewastewatertreatment.它包括一個曝氣池和一個二次沉淀池。Itconsistsofanaerationtankandasecondarysedimentationtank.塑料顆粒作為污染物，在空氣中風干后可以重復使用。Theplasticpelletsarereusableaspollutantswhenair-dried.污泥回流管路有流量測量，通過可調節(jié)泵來設置和監(jiān)測污泥回流速度。Thesludgereturnlinehasflowmeasurementandthesludgereturnrateissetandmonitoredbyanadjustablepump.功能方面FunctionalityThediagramshowstheworkingprincipleoftheaerationtank圖為曝氣池工作原理Thediagramshowstheworkingprincipleofthesecondarysedimentationtank圖為二次沉淀池工作原理廢水處理單元功能

Wastewatertreatmentunitfunctions工作單元的溶氧量由電控型氣動隔膜泵提供。與可選配的氧氣探頭組合，能夠將供氧裝置擴展成閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)。Dissolvedoxygenfortheworkingunitissuppliedbyanelectronicallycontrolledpneumaticdiaphragmpump.Incombinationwiththeoptionaloxygenprobe,itispossibletoextendtheoxygensupplyunitintoaclosed-loopcontrolsystem.圖為電控型氣動隔膜泵Thepictureshowsanelectronicallycontrolledpneumaticdiaphragmpump主要組件Maincomponents罐，3LTank,3L流量傳感器Flowsensor罐，10LTank,10L

溶解氧傳感器（可選附件）Dissolvedoxygensensor(optionalaccessory)

曝氣Aeration再循環(huán)泵Recirculationpump溢流緣Overflowrim雙通電磁閥Two-waysolenoidvalve電容式接近傳感器CapacitiveproximitysensorI/O接口I/Ointerface浮球開關Floatswitches鋁支撐板Aluminiumsupportplate再循環(huán)泵Recirculationpump流量傳感器Flowsensor溶解氧傳感器（可選附件）Dissolvedoxygensensor(optionalaccessory)罐，10LTank,10L罐，3LTank,10L廢水處理系統(tǒng)的管道與儀表示意圖Schematicdiagramofpipingandinstrumentationforwastewatertreatmentsystems圖為廢水處理系統(tǒng)的管道與儀表示意圖Thediagramshowsthepipingandinstrumentationofthewastewatertreatmentsystem生活廢水的處理過程Domesticwastewatertreatmentprocess0

1預處理Pre-processing0

2一級處理，也叫物理處理Primarytreatment,alsocalledphysicaltreatment.04三級處理，通常涉及加氯消毒。Tertiarytreatment,usuallyinvolvingchlorinationfordisinfection.0

3二級處理，也叫生物處理；Secondarytreatment,alsocalledbiologicaltreatment.預處理Pre-processing該步驟不影響廢水中溶解的有機物。Thisstepdoesnotaffectthedissolvedorganicmatterinthewastewater.其目標是分離較粗的顆粒和沙物質或易于分離的物質，否則可能會嚴重影響廢水處理廠的整體處理以及機器、設備和設施的有效工作。Theobjectiveistoseparatecoarserparticlesandsandysubstancesoreasilyseparablesubstancesthatmightotherwiseseriouslyaffecttheoveralltreatmentofthewastewatertreatmentplantandtheefficientworkingofmachinery,equipmentandfacilities.渠首是指接收輸水系統(tǒng)中原廢水的初始接收區(qū)。濾網(wǎng)過濾出較大的物質，沉渣池讓重砂和和巖石沉降下來，然后廢水被輸送到初級澄清池。Theheadofthedrainistheinitialreceivingareaforrawwastewaterfromthewatertransfersystem.Strainersfilteroutthelargermaterial,sedimentationtanksallowtheheavysandandandrocktosettle,andthewastewateristhenconveyedtotheprimaryclarifiers.此外，還有除去懸浮液中粗大顆粒的篩網(wǎng)，除去致密沙子的沉淀池以及除去脂肪、油、泡沫和其他比水輕的漂浮物質的脫脂過程，以防止這些物質可能會擾亂后續(xù)處理過程Inaddition,therearescreenstoremovecoarseparticlesfromthesuspension,settlingtankstoremovedensesandandadegreasingprocesstoremovefats,oils,foamsandotherfloatingsubstancesthatarelighterthanwatertopreventthemfrompotentiallydisturbingthesubsequenttreatmentprocess圖為污水預處理過程圖Diagramshowingthewastewaterpre-treatmentprocess快速攪拌機慢速攪拌機導流筒中心傳動污泥濃縮刮泥機進水Influent污泥螺桿泵污泥回流sludge排泥sludge出水enfluent一級處理Primarytreatment一級處理主要包括通過沉降作用或絮凝反應去除懸浮的絮凝固體，中和酸性以及通過化學沉淀作用消除無機物。Primarytreatmentconsistsmainlyoftheremovalofsuspendedflocculatedsolidsbysedimentationorflocculationreactions,theneutralisationofacidityandtheeliminationofinorganicsubstancesbychemicalprecipitation.在某些情況下，混凝反應也可為沉降過程提供支持。Insomecases,coagulationreactionscanalsosupportthesedimentationprocess.中心進水周邊出水輻流式沉淀池示意圖二級處理Secondarytreatment二級處理也叫生物處理，處理可降低廢水中的有機物。Secondarytreatment,alsocalledbiologicaltreatment,treatstoreducetheorganicmatterinthewastewater.二級處理的設計基礎是上述自然發(fā)生的自我凈化的生物過程。它有助于防止水體受到自然產(chǎn)生的廢水的污染。在相應的過程中，生活廢水中的可生物降解的有機物可為細菌群體提供營養(yǎng)物，同時在受控的條件為細菌提供氧氣。Secondarytreatmentisdesignedonthebasisofthenaturallyoccurring,self-purifyingbiologicalprocessesdescribedabove.Ithelpstopreventwaterbodiesfrombeingpollutedbynaturallyoccurringwastewater.Inthecorrespondingprocess,thebiodegradableorganicmatterinthedomesticwastewaterprovidesnutrientstothebacterialcommunity,whileoxygenisprovidedtothebacteriaundercontrolledconditions.生物處理是一種可加速自然氧化的過程，即由細菌分解可生物降解的有機物。因此，生物廢水處理避免了可導致水體缺氧的污染物進入水體中。使用懸浮生物量進行最常見的需氧廢水處理法的是曝氣塘和活性污泥槽（也叫曝氣池）。Biologicaltreatmentisaprocessthatacceleratesnaturaloxidation,i.e.thebreakdownofbiodegradableorganicmatterbybacteria.Biologicalwastewatertreatmentthereforeavoidstheintroductionofpollutantsintothewatercolumnthatcanleadtooxygendeprivationinthewatercolumn.Themostcommonaerobicwastewatertreatmentmethodsusingsuspendedbiomassareaerationpondsandactivatedsludgetanks(alsocalledaerationbasins).污泥回流內(nèi)回流進水脫水車間污泥消化池濃縮池一級處理（物理處理）二級處理（生物處理）出水處置沼氣利用三級處理Tertiarytreatment三級處理是為了消除二級處理中殘留的有機負